Formulaire de Trigonométrie

Angles associés
Une lecture efficace du cercle trigonométrique permet de retrouver les relations suivantes :
³π ´ ³π ´
cos + x = − sin(x) cos − x = sin(x)
³ π2 ´ π
+x
π
−x ³ π2 ´
sin + x = cos(x) 2 2 sin − x = cos(x)
2 2

cos (π − x) = − cos(x) π−x x

sin (π − x) = sin(x)

cos (π + x) = − cos(x) cos (−x) = cos(x)

π+x −x
sin (π + x) = − sin(x) sin (−x) = − sin(x)

Valeurs remarquables

π π π π
0 6 4 3 2 π
p p
3 2 1
cos 1 2 2 2 0 −1
p p
1 2 3
sin 0 2 2 2 1 0
p p
3
tan 0 3 1 3 0

Relations entre cos, sin et tan

1 π
cos2 (x) + sin2 (x) = 1 1 + tan2 (x) = si x 6≡ [π]
cos2 (x) 2
Formules d’addition

cos(a + b) = cos(a) cos(b) − sin(a) sin(b) cos(a − b) = cos(a) cos(b) + sin(a) sin(b)
sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + sin(b) cos(a) sin(a − b) = sin(a) cos(b) − sin(b) cos(a)
tan(a) + tan(b) tan(a) − tan(b)
tan(a + b) = tan(a − b) =
1 − tan(a) tan(b) 1 + tan(a) tan(b)

Formules de duplication

2tan(a)
cos(2a) = cos2 (a) − sin2 (a) sin(2a) = 2sin(a) cos(a) tan(2a) =
1 − tan2 (a)
= 2cos2 (a) − 1
= 1 − 2sin2 (a)
Transformation de somme en produit
³p +q´ ³p −q´ ³p +q ´ ³p −q´
cos(p) + cos(q) = 2cos cos cos(p) − cos(q) = −2sin sin
2 2 2 2
³p +q ´ ³p −q´ ³p −q ´ ³p +q ´
sin(p) + sin(q) = 2sin cos sin(p) − sin(q) = 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
Transformation de produit en somme

1
sin(a) cos(b) =[sin(a + b) + sin(a − b)]
2
1
cos(a) cos(b) = [cos(a + b) + cos(a − b)]
2
1
sin(a) sin(b) = − [cos(a + b) − cos(a − b)]
2
 1 + cos(2a) 1 − cos(2a) 1 − cos(2a)
cos2 (a) = sin2 (a) = tan2 (a) =
2 2 1 + cos(2a)
cos, sin et tan en fonction de l’angle moitié
³a´ 1− t2 2t 2t
Si t = tan , on a : cos(a) = ; sin(a) = ; tan(a) =
2 1+ t2 1+ t2 1− t2
Equations trigonométriques

½
a ≡ b[2π]
½
a ≡ b[2π] tan(a) = tan(b) ⇐⇒ a ≡ b[π]
cos(a) = cos(b) ⇐⇒ sin(a) = sin(b) ⇐⇒
a ≡ −b[2π] a ≡ π − b[2π]

b = π−a a
a

b = −a