diff --git a/core/includes/install.inc b/core/includes/install.inc
index 3474c7c3cafac45eabf4118e315dcd1aafd5740b..7b720e8a2fed7577013a622965262447cd4a9764 100644
--- a/core/includes/install.inc
+++ b/core/includes/install.inc
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;
 use Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency;
 use Drupal\Core\Extension\ExtensionDiscovery;
+use Drupal\Core\Extension\InfoParserDynamic;
 use Drupal\Core\Installer\InstallerKernel;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RedirectResponse;
 
@@ -761,11 +762,22 @@ function install_profile_info($profile, $langcode = 'en') {
     $dependency_name_function = function ($dependency) {
       return Dependency::createFromString($dependency)->getName();
     };
-    // Convert dependencies in [project:module] format.
-    $info['dependencies'] = array_map($dependency_name_function, $info['dependencies']);
+    if (!empty($info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES])) {
+      $info['dependencies'] = array_keys($info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES]);
+    }
+    else {
+      // Convert dependencies in [project:module] format.
+      $info['dependencies'] = array_map($dependency_name_function, $info['dependencies']);
+    }
 
     // Convert install key in [project:module] format.
-    $info['install'] = array_map($dependency_name_function, $info['install']);
+    $info['install'] = array_map(function ($dependency) {
+      if (strpos($dependency, ':') !== FALSE) {
+        list(, $dependency) = explode(':', $dependency);
+      }
+      $parts = explode('(', $dependency, 2);
+      return trim($parts[0]);
+    }, $info['install']);
 
     // Get a list of core's required modules.
     $required = [];
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency.php
index 622be6b7959c81c9af81ed884b3f0ed29593913d..4e4d339263a4dcee1276348acae6ae80cc5ae312 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency.php
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 namespace Drupal\Core\Extension;
 
 use Drupal\Component\Version\Constraint;
+use Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency\DependencyInterface;
 
 /**
  * A value object representing dependency information.
  */
-class Dependency {
+class Dependency implements DependencyInterface {
 
   /**
    * The name of the dependency.
@@ -54,10 +55,7 @@ public function __construct($name, $project, $constraint) {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Gets the dependency's name.
-   *
-   * @return string
-   *   The dependency's name.
+   * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function getName() {
     return $this->name;
@@ -97,13 +95,7 @@ protected function getConstraint() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Determines if the provided version is compatible with this dependency.
-   *
-   * @param string $version
-   *   The version to check, for example '4.2'.
-   *
-   * @return bool
-   *   TRUE if compatible with the provided version, FALSE if not.
+   * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function isCompatible($version) {
     return $this->getConstraint()->isCompatible($version);
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/Composer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/Composer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c646b4fedda34f3510fe018d5ab4f15c4087ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/Composer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency;
+
+use Composer\Semver\Semver;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a dependency from a composer require definition.
+ */
+class Composer implements DependencyInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Constraint string.
+   *
+   * @var string
+   */
+  protected $constraint;
+
+  /**
+   * Dependency name.
+   *
+   * @var string
+   */
+  protected $name;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new Composer.
+   *
+   * @param string $constraint
+   *   String constraint.
+   * @param string $name
+   *   Dependency name.
+   */
+  public function __construct($constraint, $name) {
+    $this->constraint = $constraint;
+    $this->name = $name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function getName() {
+    return $this->name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function isCompatible($version) {
+    return Semver::satisfies($version, $this->constraint);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function getConstraintString() {
+    return $this->constraint;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/DependencyInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/DependencyInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c79dd1dbdf725a7675a025c66cb10c017b804566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/Dependency/DependencyInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency;
+
+/**
+ * Defines an interface for a project dependency.
+ */
+interface DependencyInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the provided version is compatible with this dependency.
+   *
+   * @param string $version
+   *   The version to check, for example '4.2'.
+   *
+   * @return bool
+   *   TRUE if compatible with the provided version, FALSE if not.
+   */
+  public function isCompatible($version);
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the dependency name.
+   *
+   * @return string
+   *   Dependency name.
+   */
+  public function getName();
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the constraint string from the dependency.
+   *
+   * @return string
+   *   The constraint string.
+   */
+  public function getConstraintString();
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/InfoParserDynamic.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/InfoParserDynamic.php
index 00540bc618d8172d53ca020e42a3f1301b29acd4..e9ed6ea478ef841fe5e391035941c897c83c9038 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/InfoParserDynamic.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/InfoParserDynamic.php
@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@
  */
 class InfoParserDynamic implements InfoParserInterface {
 
+  /**
+   * The earliest Drupal version that supports 'composer.json' for dependencies.
+   *
+   * @todo unused constant.
+   */
+  const FIRST_COMPOSER_JSON_SUPPORTED_VERSION = '9.1.0';
+
+  /**
+   * The key where you'll find Composer dependencies in *.info.yml files.
+   */
+  const COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES = 'composer_dependencies';
+
   /**
    * InfoParserDynamic constructor.
    *
@@ -38,22 +50,43 @@ public function parse($filename) {
     if (!empty($missing_keys)) {
       throw new InfoParserException('Missing required keys (' . implode(', ', $missing_keys) . ') in ' . $filename);
     }
-    if (!isset($parsed_info['core_version_requirement'])) {
-      if (str_starts_with($filename, 'core/') || str_starts_with($filename, $this->root . '/core/')) {
-        // Core extensions do not need to specify core compatibility: they are
-        // by definition compatible so a sensible default is used. Core
-        // modules are allowed to provide these for testing purposes.
-        $parsed_info['core_version_requirement'] = \Drupal::VERSION;
+    $composer_filename = dirname($filename) . '/composer.json';
+    $has_composer_file = file_exists($composer_filename);
+    $is_testing_module = isset($parsed_info['package']) && $parsed_info['package'] === 'Testing';
+    if (!isset($parsed_info['core']) && !isset($parsed_info['core_version_requirement'])) {
+      if ((strpos($filename, 'core/') === 0 || strpos($filename, $this->root . '/core/') === 0)) {
+        if (!($has_composer_file && $is_testing_module)) {
+          // Core extensions do not need to specify core compatibility: they
+          // are by definition compatible so a sensible default is used. Core
+          // modules are allowed to provide these for testing purposes.
+          $parsed_info['core_version_requirement'] = \Drupal::VERSION;
+        }
       }
-      elseif (isset($parsed_info['package']) && $parsed_info['package'] === 'Testing') {
+      elseif ($is_testing_module) {
         // Modules in the testing package are exempt as well. This makes it
         // easier for contrib to use test modules.
         $parsed_info['core_version_requirement'] = \Drupal::VERSION;
       }
       else {
+        // @todo recheck the logic here after https://git.drupalcode.org/project/drupal/-/commit/718fa096fd1cab5a05543b67b1cd177d8e9dc769.
         // Non-core extensions must specify core compatibility.
+        if (isset($parsed_info['dependencies'])) {
+          throw new InfoParserException("If the 'dependencies' key is used, the 'core' or 'core_version_requirement' key is required in $filename");
+        }
+        elseif (!$has_composer_file) {
+          throw new InfoParserException("If the 'core' or 'core_version_requirement' key is not provided, a composer.json file is required in $filename");
+        }
         throw new InfoParserException("The 'core_version_requirement' key must be present in " . $filename);
       }
+
+      // @todo recheck the logic here after https://git.drupalcode.org/project/drupal/-/commit/718fa096fd1cab5a05543b67b1cd177d8e9dc769.
+      if ($has_composer_file) {
+        $parsed_info += $this->parseComposerFile($composer_filename);
+      }
+
+      if (isset($parsed_info['core']) && !preg_match("/^\d\.x$/", $parsed_info['core'])) {
+        throw new InfoParserException("Invalid 'core' value \"{$parsed_info['core']}\" in " . $filename);
+      }
     }
 
     // Determine if the extension is compatible with the current version of
@@ -100,4 +133,40 @@ protected function getRequiredKeys() {
     return ['type', 'name'];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Parses a composer.json file and checks for core_version_requirement.
+   *
+   * @param string $file_path
+   *   Full path to the composer.json file.
+   *
+   * @return array
+   *   Parsed composer.json file data.
+   *
+   * @throws \Drupal\Core\Extension\InfoParserException
+   *   Thrown when the file cannot be parsed, or when the parsed require key
+   *   does not include the drupal/core package.
+   */
+  protected function parseComposerFile($file_path) {
+    if (!$parsed_info = json_decode(file_get_contents($file_path), TRUE)) {
+      throw new InfoParserException("Unable to parse $file_path " . json_last_error_msg());
+    }
+
+    $require = $parsed_info['require'];
+    foreach ($require as $project => $constraint) {
+      [$namespace, $name] = explode('/', $project);
+      if ($namespace !== 'drupal') {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if ($name === 'core') {
+        $parsed_info['core_version_requirement'] = $constraint;
+        continue;
+      }
+      $parsed_info[static::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES][$name] = $constraint;
+    }
+    if (empty($parsed_info['core_version_requirement'])) {
+      throw new InfoParserException("The 'require' key must at least specify a 'drupal/core' version in $file_path");
+    }
+    return $parsed_info;
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleDependencyMessageTrait.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleDependencyMessageTrait.php
index 4511f423df1a1e1e92dc4442926c6990238ce3f8..f65909bc9129d9feeb459e3f6f76df30d91d3f92 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleDependencyMessageTrait.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleDependencyMessageTrait.php
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 /**
  * Messages for missing or incompatible dependencies on modules.
  *
- * @internal The trait simply helps core classes that display user messages
- *   regarding missing or incompatible module dependencies share exact same
- *   wording and markup.
+ * @internal This trait helps core classes that display user messages regarding
+ *   missing or incompatible module dependencies share exact same wording and
+ *   markup.
  */
 trait ModuleDependencyMessageTrait {
 
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ trait ModuleDependencyMessageTrait {
    *   The list of existing modules.
    * @param string $dependency
    *   The module dependency to check.
-   * @param \Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency $dependency_object
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Extension\DependencyInterface $dependency_object
    *   Dependency object used for comparing version requirement data.
    *
    * @return string|null
    *   NULL if compatible, otherwise a string describing the incompatibility.
    */
-  public function checkDependencyMessage(array $modules, $dependency, Dependency $dependency_object) {
+  public function checkDependencyMessage(array $modules, $dependency, DependencyInterface $dependency_object) {
     if (!isset($modules[$dependency])) {
       return $this->t('@module_name (<span class="admin-missing">missing</span>)', ['@module_name' => $dependency]);
     }
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleExtensionList.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleExtensionList.php
index 1176b566796e89d2f890adea768f773adbf3c54b..9f9ddd1920eee029a753968d8d704614f903f540 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleExtensionList.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleExtensionList.php
@@ -208,8 +208,20 @@ protected function getInstalledExtensionNames() {
    */
   protected function ensureRequiredDependencies(Extension $module, array $modules = []) {
     if (!empty($module->info['required'])) {
-      foreach ($module->info['dependencies'] as $dependency) {
-        $dependency_name = Dependency::createFromString($dependency)->getName();
+      if (!empty($module->info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES])) {
+        // Composer-based dependencies.
+        $dependencies = array_keys($module->info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES]);
+      }
+      else {
+        // Legacy .info.yml files.
+        $dependencies = array_map(function ($dependency) {
+          return Dependency::createFromString($dependency)->getName();
+        }, $module->info['dependencies']);
+      }
+      foreach ($dependencies as $dependency_name) {
+        if ($dependency_name === 'core') {
+          continue;
+        }
         if (!isset($modules[$dependency_name]->info['required'])) {
           $modules[$dependency_name]->info['required'] = TRUE;
           $modules[$dependency_name]->info['explanation'] = $this->t('Dependency of required module @module', ['@module' => $module->info['name']]);
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleHandler.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleHandler.php
index 0a70ba2b66ecc06b4cb2ab19bfe9124af1bd5c50..ee924049c17ce2b589c3f15aeb7dd5af6eca3137 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleHandler.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleHandler.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Drupal\Component\Utility\NestedArray;
 use Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheBackendInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\DestructableInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency\Composer;
 use Drupal\Core\Extension\Exception\UnknownExtensionException;
 
 /**
@@ -224,7 +225,12 @@ protected function add($type, $name, $path) {
   public function buildModuleDependencies(array $modules) {
     foreach ($modules as $module) {
       $graph[$module->getName()]['edges'] = [];
-      if (isset($module->info['dependencies']) && is_array($module->info['dependencies'])) {
+      if (isset($module->info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES]) && is_array($module->info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES])) {
+        foreach ($module->info[InfoParserDynamic::COMPOSER_DEPENDENCIES] as $name => $constraint) {
+          $graph[$module->getName()]['edges'][$name] = new Composer($constraint, $name);
+        }
+      }
+      elseif (isset($module->info['dependencies']) && is_array($module->info['dependencies'])) {
         foreach ($module->info['dependencies'] as $dependency) {
           $dependency_data = Dependency::createFromString($dependency);
           $graph[$module->getName()]['edges'][$dependency_data->getName()] = $dependency_data;
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Form/ModulesListForm.php b/core/modules/system/src/Form/ModulesListForm.php
index 8df4971db03206ce97cb4ff250381fd0483bf775..9b1cbb0b9ef14f913e99947954ea86b44437abc2 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Form/ModulesListForm.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Form/ModulesListForm.php
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ protected function buildRow(array $modules, Extension $module, $distribution) {
     }
 
     // If this module requires other modules, add them to the array.
-    /** @var \Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency $dependency_object */
+    /** @var \Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency\DependencyInterface $dependency_object */
     foreach ($module->requires as $dependency => $dependency_object) {
       // @todo Add logic for not displaying hidden modules in
       //   https://drupal.org/node/3117829.
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3cb33ff0367ef14bfd5b8ed5ffa08df3d0f4f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/composer_core_incompatible_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^100"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer_core_incompatible_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer_core_incompatible_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90165e82dff1e5192b3ede2a4fdc8b804be0cc9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_core_incompatible_test/composer_core_incompatible_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'System core incompatible composer.json test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing core incompatible using composer.json.'
+package: Testing
+version: 1.0.0
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec9d6ff0f72dd51aa132fb38776489af9b96622c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/composer_dependencies_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^8.8",
+    "drupal/common_test": "^2.4.2"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer_dependencies_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer_dependencies_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b124807860aa43099775c75ea2a1b1a0ac17f284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_dependencies_test/composer_dependencies_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'Module composer dependencies test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing composer dependencies.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07581995b750b869de12bc65e21a7139757331b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^8.8",
+    "drupal/composer_core_incompatible_test": "*"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72d70ff4d79fbaac6255b833a1dc0dc09204bdb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'Composer.json Incompatible core version composer dependencies test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing system dependencies.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..237b5af5e544654554c90867286cf73d4e2edf2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^8.8",
+    "drupal/system_incompatible_core_version_test": "*"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..571e9257e505e95b27a08b7234441ade5ee8e2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test/composer_incompatible_core_depend_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'Composer.json Incompatible core version dependencies test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing system dependencies.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..875dfef22cbe46b78412212d45dc013582094995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^8.8",
+    "drupal/system_incompatible_module_version_test": "^2"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b544da4048675d2d34db371aa93672434ea3197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test/composer_incompatible_module_version_dependencies_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'Incompatible module version dependencies test using composer'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing system dependencies using composer.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abc9de2db01b2b99fbb4bd076bd008359fb428f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+    "name": "drupal/system_composer_dependencies_test",
+    "description": "Support module for testing system composer dependencies.",
+    "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+    "type": "drupal-module",
+    "require": {
+        "drupal/core": "^8.8",
+        "drupal/missing_composer_dependency": "^1"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/system_composer_dependencies_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/system_composer_dependencies_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ce89f37a2d26a8078ac51fe06bf26c57cc2e7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_composer_dependencies_test/system_composer_dependencies_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'System composer dependency test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing system composer dependencies.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/composer.json b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63b42db1fcc2df7ec7e1890e22559d8943125328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "drupal/system_core_composer_test",
+  "description": "A test composer file",
+  "license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
+  "type": "drupal-module",
+  "require":  {
+    "drupal/core": "^8.8 || ^9 || ^10 || ^11 || ^12 || ^13"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/system_core_composer_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/system_core_composer_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c56c05ecf8874b81887ffff77fab6bfb6ff16d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_core_composer_test/system_core_composer_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: 'System core version test using composer.json.'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing core using composer.'
+package: Testing
+version: 1.0.0
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffee1eeb335c2309c907900374fe93e40a9f9f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/modules/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test/system_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test.info.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+name: 'System incompatible core version dependencies using composer.json test'
+type: module
+description: 'Support module for testing system dependencies.'
+package: Testing
+version: VERSION
+core: 8.x
+dependencies:
+  - drupal:composer_core_incompatible_test
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/Module/DependencyTest.php b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/Module/DependencyTest.php
index e176855055d426018910b3f603d7c0c4e342260e..501138db6fb955a392f946faa564c0d789578895 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/Module/DependencyTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/Module/DependencyTest.php
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ public function testProjectNamespaceForDependencies() {
    */
   public function testEnableWithoutDependency() {
     // Attempt to enable Content Translation without Language enabled.
+    // @todo Add a composer.json test case.
     $edit = [];
     $edit['modules[content_translation][enable]'] = 'content_translation';
     $this->drupalGet('admin/modules');
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ public function testEnableWithoutDependency() {
   public function testMissingModules() {
     // Test that the system_dependencies_test module is marked
     // as missing a dependency.
+    $assert_session = $this->assertSession();
     $this->drupalGet('admin/modules');
     $this->assertSession()->pageTextContains(Unicode::ucfirst('_missing_dependency') . ' (missing)');
     $this->assertSession()->elementTextEquals('xpath', '//tr[@data-drupal-selector="edit-modules-system-dependencies-test"]//span[@class="admin-missing"]', 'missing');
diff --git a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Extension/ModuleInstallerTest.php b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Extension/ModuleInstallerTest.php
index 8dcad9b6e9a220d67b575d57305405208189de49..fe26e0820825363017d1ff62c6110a8160a8773e 100644
--- a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Extension/ModuleInstallerTest.php
+++ b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Extension/ModuleInstallerTest.php
@@ -114,27 +114,81 @@ public static function providerTestInvalidCoreInstall() {
         'system_core_incompatible_semver_test',
         TRUE,
       ],
+      'no dependencies composer_core_incompatible_test' => [
+        'system_core_incompatible_semver_test',
+        FALSE,
+      ],
+      'install_dependencies composer_core_incompatible_test' => [
+        'system_core_incompatible_semver_test',
+        TRUE,
+      ],
     ];
   }
 
   /**
    * Tests install with a dependency with an invalid core version constraint.
    *
+   * @dataProvider providerDependencyInvalidCoreInstall
    * @covers ::install
    */
-  public function testDependencyInvalidCoreInstall() {
+  public function testDependencyInvalidCoreInstall($module, $dependency) {
     $this->expectException(MissingDependencyException::class);
-    $this->expectExceptionMessage("Unable to install modules: module 'system_incompatible_core_version_dependencies_test'. Its dependency module 'system_core_incompatible_semver_test' is incompatible with this version of Drupal core.");
-    $this->container->get('module_installer')->install(['system_incompatible_core_version_dependencies_test']);
+    $this->expectExceptionMessage("Unable to install modules: module '$module'. Its dependency module '$dependency' is incompatible with this version of Drupal core.");
+    $this->container->get('module_installer')->install([$module]);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tests no dependencies install with a dependency with invalid core.
+   * Dataprovider for testDependencyInvalidCoreInstall().
+   */
+  public function providerDependencyInvalidCoreInstall() {
+    return [
+      'info with info.yml dependency' => [
+        'system_incompatible_core_version_dependencies_test',
+        'system_core_incompatible_semver_test',
+      ],
+      'composer.json with info.yml dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_depend_test',
+        'system_incompatible_core_version_test',
+      ],
+      'composer.json with composer.json dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test',
+        'composer_core_incompatible_test',
+      ],
+      'info with composer.json dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test',
+        'composer_core_incompatible_test',
+      ],
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests invalid core install, without installing dependencies.
    *
+   * @dataProvider provideDependencyInvalidCoreInstallNoDependencies
    * @covers ::install
    */
-  public function testDependencyInvalidCoreInstallNoDependencies() {
-    $this->assertTrue($this->container->get('module_installer')->install(['system_incompatible_core_version_dependencies_test'], FALSE));
+  public function testDependencyInvalidCoreInstallNoDependencies($module) {
+    $this->assertTrue($this->container->get('module_installer')->install([$module], FALSE));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Dataprovider for testDependencyInvalidCoreInstallNoDependencies().
+   */
+  public function provideDependencyInvalidCoreInstallNoDependencies() {
+    return [
+      'info with info.yml dependency' => [
+        'system_incompatible_core_version_dependencies_test',
+      ],
+      'composer.json with info.yml dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_depend_test',
+      ],
+      'composer.json with composer.json dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test',
+      ],
+      'info with composer.json dependency' => [
+        'composer_incompatible_core_composer_depend_test',
+      ],
+    ];
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Core/Extension/DependencyTest.php b/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Core/Extension/DependencyTest.php
index b3f81fd2977fdf7497b3ffbda1e766a5a3dbdf62..a4c365aeebeb59686dfd199dcbd375eace448a70 100644
--- a/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Core/Extension/DependencyTest.php
+++ b/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Core/Extension/DependencyTest.php
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 /**
  * @coversDefaultClass \Drupal\Core\Extension\Dependency
  * @group Extension
+ * @group legacy
  */
 class DependencyTest extends UnitTestCase {