# Django 5.2.9 ドキュメント

# チケットをトリアージする

Django uses Trac for managing the work on the code base. Trac is a community-tended garden of the bugs people have found and the features Django has decided to add. As in any garden, sometimes there are weeds to be pulled and sometimes there are flowers and vegetables that need picking. We need your help to sort out one from the other, and in the end, we all benefit together.

他のガーデン同様に、我々も完璧を目指しますが、ケーキを持って食べることもできません。どんな綺麗な庭にも虫がいます。コミュニティーには、-- 善意での悪事 --をしてしまった良き人もいます。コミュニティーが自己管理し、問題を最小限に留め、新たの加入者にイロハを教えるのはコミュニティー全体の責務。

我々はTracをDjangoの成果を完璧に表現することを目指しますが、限界の存在を理解しています。コミュニティーへTracのメンテナンスを分布する度、間違いが生じることを許容します。何らかの間違いが生じることは想定内なので、Tracは「ほぼ正確」です。間違ってなんぼ、我々は期限を守ってからの完璧主義です。

We rely on the community to keep participating, keep tickets as accurate as possible, and raise issues for discussion on the Django Forum when there is confusion or disagreement.

Djangoはコミュニティプロジェクトであり、すべての貢献が役立ちます。 あなた なしではこれを実現することはできません！

## トリアージのワークフロー

Unfortunately, not all reports in the ticket tracker provide all the required details. A number of tickets have proposed solutions, but those don't necessarily meet all the requirements adhering to the guidelines for contributing.

One way to help out is to triage tickets that have been created by other users.

Most of the workflow is based around the concept of a ticket's triage stages. Each stage describes where in its lifetime a given ticket is at any time. Along with a handful of flags, this attribute easily tells us what and who each ticket is waiting on.

Since a picture is worth a thousand words, let's start there:

We have four roles in this diagram. Maintainers (also known as Fellows) usually take part in all of them, but anyone in the Django community can participate in any role except merger. The merger role is granted by a vote of the Steering Council.

- Triagers: anyone can take on this role by checking whether a ticket describes a real issue and keeping the tracker organized.

- Bug fixers: anyone can contribute by opening a pull request and working on a solution for a ticket.

- Reviewers: anyone can review pull requests and suggest improvements.

- Mergers: people with commit access who make the final decision to merge a change.

Our Trac system is intentionally open to the public, and anyone can help by working on tickets. Django is a community project, and we encourage triage and collaboration by the community. This could be you!

For example, here's the typical lifecycle of a ticket:

- Alice creates a ticket and opens an incomplete pull request (missing tests, incorrect implementation).

- Bob reviews the pull request, marks the ticket as "Accepted", sets the flags "needs tests" and "patch needs improvement", and leaves a comment explaining how Alice can improve the patch. This puts the ticket automatically into the "waiting on author" queue within the "accepted" stage.

- Alice updates the pull request, adding tests (but not yet fixing the implementation), and removes the two flags. The ticket moves into the "needs PR review" queue.

- Charlie reviews the pull request, sets the "patch needs improvement" flag again, and leaves another comment suggesting changes to the implementation. The ticket moves back to the "waiting on author" queue.

- Alice updates the pull request again, this time fixing the implementation, and removes the "patch needs improvement" flag. The ticket moves once more into the "needs PR review" queue.

- Daisy reviews the pull request and marks the ticket as "Ready for checkin".

- Jacob, a merger, reviews and merges the pull request.

Some tickets move through these steps quickly, while others take more time and discussion. Each contribution helps Django improve.

## トリアージのステージ

Below we describe in more detail the various stages that a ticket may flow through during its lifetime.

### Unreviewed (未レビュー)

The ticket has not been reviewed by anyone who felt qualified to make a judgment about whether the ticket contained a valid issue or ought to be closed for any reasons. Unreviewed tickets appear in the "triage" queue.

### Accepted (アクセプト)

The absolute meaning of "accepted" is that the issue described in the ticket is valid and actionable. It is broken out into three queues:

- Needs Patch (Accepted + No Flags)

  The ticket is valid, but no one has submitted a patch for it yet. Often this means you could safely start writing a fix for it. This is generally more true for the case of accepted bugs than accepted features. A ticket for a bug that has been accepted means that the issue has been verified by at least one triager as a legitimate bug - and should probably be fixed if possible.

  For new features, accepted tickets should only exist after the idea has gone through the appropriate process for suggesting new features and received community and Steering Council approval, or been accepted in a DEP.

- Needs PR Review (Accepted + Has Patch)

  The ticket is waiting for people to review the supplied solution. This means downloading the patch and trying it out, verifying that it contains tests and docs, running the test suite with the included patch, and leaving feedback on the ticket.

- Waiting On Author (Accepted + Has Patch + Needs fixes)

  This means the ticket has been reviewed, and has been found to need further work. "Needs tests" and "Needs documentation" are self-explanatory. "Patch needs improvement" will generally be accompanied by a comment on the ticket explaining what is needed to improve the code.

### Ready For Checkin

The ticket was reviewed by any member of the community other than the person who supplied the patch and found to meet all the requirements for a commit-ready contribution. A merger now needs to give a final review prior to being committed.

There are a lot of pull requests. It can take a while for your patch to get reviewed. See the contributing code FAQ for some ideas here.

### Someday/Maybe

This stage isn't shown on the diagram. It's used sparingly to keep track of long-term changes.

These tickets are uncommon and overall less useful since they don't describe concrete actionable issues.

## その他のトリアージ属性

A number of flags, appearing as checkboxes in Trac, can be set on a ticket:

### Has patch (パッチあり)

This means the ticket has an associated solution. These will be reviewed to ensure they adhere to the documented guidelines.

The following three fields (Needs documentation, Needs tests, Patch needs improvement) apply only if a patch has been supplied.

### Needs documentation (ドキュメンテーションが必要)

This flag is used for tickets with patches that need associated documentation. Complete documentation of features is a prerequisite before we can check them into the codebase.

### Needs tests (テストが必要)

This flags the patch as needing associated unit tests. Again, this is a required part of a valid contribution.

### Patch needs improvement (パッチの改善が必要)

This flag means that although the ticket has a solution, it's not quite ready for checkin. This could mean the patch no longer applies cleanly, there is a flaw in the implementation, or that the code doesn't meet our standards.

### Easy pickings (簡単に取り組める)

Tickets that would require small, easy, changes.

### Type (タイプ)

チケットは以下のいずれかの タイプ に分類する必要があります。

- New Feature (新しい機能)

    何か新しいものを追加するためのチケット。

- Bug (バグ)

    既存のものが壊れたり期待通りに動作しないときのためのチケット。

- Cleanup/optimization (クリーンアップ/最適化)

    For when nothing is broken but something could be made cleaner, better, faster, stronger.

### Component (コンポーネント)

Tickets should be classified into components indicating which area of the Django codebase they belong to. This makes tickets better organized and easier to find.

### Severity (重要度)

The severity attribute is used to identify blockers, that is, issues that should get fixed before releasing the next version of Django. Typically those issues are bugs causing regressions from earlier versions or potentially causing severe data losses. This attribute is quite rarely used and the vast majority of tickets have a severity of "Normal".

### Version (バージョン)

The version attribute indicates the earliest version in which the bug was reproduced. During triage, this field can be updated, but there is no need to make further updates when that version goes out of support. The field should not be reset to "dev" to show the issue still exists: instead, the tested commit hash can be noted in a comment.

### UI/UX

This flag is used for tickets that relate to User Interface and User Experiences questions. For example, this flag would be appropriate for user-facing features in forms or the admin interface.

### Cc

You may add your username or email address to this field to be notified when new contributions are made to the ticket.

### Keywords (キーワード)

With this field you may label a ticket with multiple keywords. This can be useful, for example, to group several tickets on the same theme. Keywords can either be comma or space separated. Keyword search finds the keyword string anywhere in the keywords. For example, clicking on a ticket with the keyword "form" will yield similar tickets tagged with keywords containing strings such as "formset", "modelformset", and "ManagementForm".

## チケットを閉じる

When a ticket has completed its useful lifecycle, it's time for it to be closed. Closing a ticket is a big responsibility, though. You have to be sure that the issue is really resolved, and you need to keep in mind that the reporter of the ticket may not be happy to have their ticket closed (unless it's fixed!). If you're not certain about closing a ticket, leave a comment with your thoughts instead.

If you do close a ticket, you should always make sure of the following:

- issue が本当に解決したかよく確認してください。

- チケットを閉じる決定について説明するコメントを残してください。

- チケットを再び開いて改善できる方法がある場合には、他の人に知らせてください。

- If the ticket is a duplicate, reference the original ticket. Also cross-reference the closed ticket by leaving a comment in the original one -- this allows to access more related information about the reported bug or requested feature.

- 礼儀正しくする。 チケットが閉じられて嬉しい人はいません。苛々させたり、落胆させてしまうこともあります。Django へのコントリビューションを諦めさせないための一番良い方法は、礼儀正しくフレンドリーに接して、そのチケットや将来の他のチケットの改善方法を提案することです。

チケットは、次のような複数の方法で解決できます。

- fixed (修正済み)

    パッチが Django に展開されて問題が解決したときに使われます。

- invalid (無効)

    チケットが正しくないことがわかったときに使われます。つまり、チケットに書かれた issue が、実際にはユーザーの間違いの結果だったり、Django とは別の何かに関する問題について書かれている場合や、バグレポートでもフィーチャーリクエストでもない場合 (たとえば、新しいユーザーは、サポートリクエストをチケットとして送ってしまうことがあります) などです。

- wontfix (修正しない)

    Used when someone decides that the request isn't appropriate for consideration in Django. Sometimes a ticket is closed as "wontfix" with a request for the reporter to start a discussion on the Django Forum if they feel differently from the rationale provided by the person who closed the ticket. Other times, a discussion precedes the decision to close a ticket. Always use the forum to get a consensus before reopening tickets closed as "wontfix".

- duplicate (重複)

    Used when another ticket covers the same issue. By closing duplicate tickets, we keep all the discussion in one place, which helps everyone.

- worksforme

    オリジナルのバグを再現できるほど十分な詳細情報が含まれていないチケットに対して使われます。

- needsinfo (情報が必要)

    チケットが報告された問題を再現するのに十分な情報を含まないが、それでも有効な可能性がある場合に使われます。追加情報が与えられた場合には、チケットを再びオープンする必要があります。

If you believe that the ticket was closed in error -- because you're still having the issue, or it's popped up somewhere else, or the triagers have made a mistake -- please reopen the ticket and provide further information. Again, please do not reopen tickets that have been marked as "wontfix" and bring the issue to the Django Forum instead.

## How can I help with development?

The development process is primarily driven by community members. Really, ANYONE can help.

参加するには、まず Trac 上でアカウントを作成します。アカウントを持っているけれどパスワードを忘れてしまった場合は、パスワードのリセットページ を使ってリセットできます。

次に、以下の方法で助けることができます。

- "Unreviewed" (未レビュー) のチケットを "invalid"、"worksforme"、"duplicate"、"wontfix" のいずれかで閉じる。

- Closing "Unreviewed" tickets as "needsinfo" when the description is too sparse to be actionable.

- Correcting the "Needs tests", "Needs documentation", or "Has patch" flags for tickets where they are incorrectly set.

- Setting the "Easy pickings" flag for tickets that are small and relatively straightforward.

- カテゴリーが未設定のチケットに type (タイプ) を設定する。

- Checking that old tickets are still valid. If a ticket hasn't seen any activity in a long time, it's possible that the problem has been fixed but the ticket hasn't yet been closed.

- Identifying trends and themes in the tickets. If there are a lot of bug reports about a particular part of Django, it may indicate we should consider refactoring that part of the code. If a trend is emerging, you should raise it for discussion (referencing the relevant tickets) on the Django Forum.

- Verify if solutions submitted by others are correct. If they are correct and also contain appropriate documentation and tests then move them to the "Ready for Checkin" stage. If they are not correct then leave a comment to explain why and set the corresponding flags ("Patch needs improvement", "Needs tests" etc.).

注釈

The Reports page contains links to many useful Trac queries, including several that are useful for triaging tickets and reviewing proposals as suggested above.

You can also find more 新しいコントリビューターへのアドバイス.

ただし、チケットデータベースで作業するすべての一般コミュニティメンバーの人たちに対して、以下のことを必ずお願いしています。

- 自分自身のチケットを "Ready for checkin" に 更新しない でください。レビューした他の人のチケットを "Ready for checkin" としてマークすることは許されますが、自分が送信したパッチは、最低でも他の1人のコミュニティーメンバーにレビューしてもらう必要があります。

- Please don't reverse a decision without posting a message to the Django Forum to find consensus.

- If you're unsure if you should be making a change, don't make the change but instead leave a comment with your concerns on the ticket, or post a message to the Django Forum. It's okay to be unsure, but your input is still valuable.

## リグレッションの bisect

A regression is a bug that's present in some newer version of Django but not in an older one. An extremely helpful piece of information is the commit that introduced the regression. Knowing the commit that caused the change in behavior helps identify if the change was intentional or if it was an inadvertent side-effect. Here's how you can determine this.

Begin by writing a regression test for Django's test suite for the issue. For example, we'll pretend we're debugging a regression in migrations. After you've written the test and confirmed that it fails on the latest main branch, put it in a separate file that you can run standalone. For our example, we'll pretend we created `tests/migrations/test_regression.py`, which can be run with:

    $ ./runtests.py migrations.test_regression

Next, we mark the current point in history as being "bad" since the test fails:

    $ git bisect bad
    You need to start by "git bisect start"
    Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? y

Now, we need to find a point in git history before the regression was introduced (i.e. a point where the test passes). Use something like `git checkout HEAD~100` to check out an earlier revision (100 commits earlier, in this case). Check if the test fails. If so, mark that point as "bad" (`git bisect bad`), then check out an earlier revision and recheck. Once you find a revision where your test passes, mark it as "good":

    $ git bisect good
    Bisecting: X revisions left to test after this (roughly Y steps)
    ...

Now we're ready for the fun part: using `git bisect run` to automate the rest of the process:

    $ git bisect run tests/runtests.py migrations.test_regression

You should see `git bisect` use a binary search to automatically checkout revisions between the good and bad commits until it finds the first "bad" commit where the test fails.

Now, report your results on the Trac ticket, and please include the regression test as an attachment. When someone writes a fix for the bug, they'll already have your test as a starting point.