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  • How Charts Lie: Getting Smarter about Visual Information

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How Charts Lie: Getting Smarter about Visual Information

4.6 out of 5 stars (450)

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A leading data visualization expert explores the negative―and positive―influences that charts have on our perception of truth.

Today, public conversations are increasingly driven by numbers. While charts, infographics, and diagrams can make us smarter, they can also deceive―intentionally or unintentionally. To be informed citizens, we must all be able to decode and use the visual information that politicians, journalists, and even our employers present us with each day. Demystifying an essential new literacy for our data-driven world, How Charts Lie examines contemporary examples ranging from election result infographics to global GDP maps and box office record charts, as well as an updated afterword on the graphics of the COVID-19 pandemic.

175 illustrations
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Editorial Reviews

Review

"A must-read for anyone who wants to stay informed."
Cathy O’Neil, best-selling author of Weapons of Math Destruction

"[Cairo’s] book could not be more timely."
Economist

"This book offers a succinct, elegant, accessible look at the ways data can be represented or misrepresented and is a perfect primer for anyone who cares about the difference."
Charles Wheelan, author of Naked Statistics

"At a time of widespread concern over disinformation in the media, Cairo provides a valuable corrective to the acceptance of numbers, and their visual representation, as having objective truth."
Publishers Weekly (starred review)

"As this entertaining addition demonstrates, the ‘how to lie with statistics’ genre is alive and well.… An ingenious tool for detecting flaws in charts, which nowadays seem mostly deliberate."
Kirkus Reviews

"A powerful reference that advises consumers how to better interpret the data being represented in graphic form."
Midwest Book Review

"I wish we lived in a world where you didn’t need to read Alberto Cairo’s
How Charts Lie, a robust guide to self-defense against graphs and figures designed to mislead. But here we are, and yes, you do."
Jordan Ellenberg, author of How Not to Be Wrong

"Alberto Cairo has written a wise, witty, and utterly beautiful book. You couldn’t hope for a better teacher to improve your graphical literacy."
Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist and presenter of More or Less

"Alberto Cairo shares great examples of data visualization and storytelling for anyone who wants to dig into their data."
Dona Wong, author of The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics

"A picture may be worth a thousand words, but only if you know how to read it. In this book, Alberto Cairo teaches us how to get smarter about visual information by reading charts with attention and care. I found a lot to steal here, and you will, too."
Austin Kleon, author of Steal Like an Artist

About the Author

Alberto Cairo is the Knight Chair in Infographics and Data Visualization at the School of Communication of the University of Miami. He has consulted with companies and institutions such as Google and the Congressional Budget Office on visualizations. He lives in Miami, Florida.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ W. W. Norton & Company
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ October 13, 2020
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 256 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393358429
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393358421
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 0.7 x 8.3 inches
  • Best Sellers Rank: #107,150 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.6 out of 5 stars (450)

About the author

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Alberto Cairo
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Alberto Cairo is the Knight Chair in Visual Journalism at the University of Miami (UM), and director of the visualization program of UM's Center for Computational Science. He teaches courses on visualization and infographics for effective communication. He also works as an independent data visualization consultant for companies such as Google and Microsoft.

Cairo's latest book is “How Charts Lie: Getting Smarter about Visual Information", published by W.W. Norton in October 2019. Previously he wrote “The Functional Art: an Introduction to Information Graphics and Visualization” (Peachpit Press, 2012), and “The Truthful Art: Data, Charts, and Maps for Communication” (Peachpit Press, 2016)

Cairo has taught in more than 30 countries in the past 20 years, and has extensive experience as a manager of visualization and infographics teams in news organizations in Spain, Brazil, and the United States.

Cairo's website is www.albertocairo.com and his Twitter handle is @albertocairo

Customer reviews

4.6 out of 5 stars
450 global ratings
Lying Charts are Everywhere so Beware!
5 out of 5 stars
Lying Charts are Everywhere so Beware!
Alberto Cairo's book is a treasure in clearly showing us how we as people lie to each other every day using charts--and most of us don't do so out of malice--but out of ignorance. So it's our duty to get smarter and educate ourselves on detecting lies in charts instead of just accepting charts at face value. By learning how to accurately interpret charts, we also become better chart designers. Cairo uses a plethora of images from today's news to illustrate how alarmingly prevalent lying charts are accepted and shared. A lot of recognizable political and weather maps used in today's recent news are dissected and their errors exposed. The amount of research that went into writing this book is impressive. (Check out the resources listed in Notes). No wonder Alberto Cairo is recognized as one of the top experts in the field of data visualization. I especially enjoyed Cairo's vivid retelling of the Florence Nightingale coxcomb chart (picture of original included here) history as a part of his concluding chapter. It's a story that is not told enough and he tells it masterfully! Another book that should be read since it reinforces and further illustrates the important principles covered in this book is "Avoiding Data Pitfalls" by Ben Jones. It includes more great real-world data examples that are helpful in gaining an understanding of how to treat data with care.
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Top reviews from the United States

  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Should be required reading
    Reviewed in the United States on April 27, 2020
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    This was one of the most enjoyable books I've ever read on data visualization. In this compact volume, Alberto lays out the foundations of 'graphicacy' -- essentially literacy for charts and graphs. The book is broken up into easily digestible sections and written with succinct and precise language, making it an absolute joy to read. Unlike other technical books, I never felt bogged down when reading, and the structure allows you to sit down, take 10 minutes to read a section or two, and come back to it later--perfect for people that are busy and easily distracted (like myself).

    The book is filled with important and practical advice on how to read and interpret charts and graphs. Not only does it cover the techniques that disingenuous chart makers can use to deceive, but also the mistakes and misinterpretations that even well-educated folks make when reading charts. In the era of mis- and disinformation, when data is quickly becoming a lingua franca, this book is more important than ever, and should be considered required reading for high school students (and adults!) the world over. But while the book is certainly aimed at the layperson, there's valuable information even for seasoned dataviz practitioners. I had an education in science and mathematics, and now I work full time as a researcher/data analyst/dataviz expert and I still found the book quite useful as a summary of common numerical and graphical misconceptions. I learned new information, and I found the book an excellent refresher.

    TLDR - A top notch book for anyone wanting to be a more informed person. Buy this book, you'll be glad you did.

    5 people found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Cairo review - A perfectly timed book, and an accessible one
    Reviewed in the United States on October 25, 2019
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    Alberto Cairo’s latest seems perfectly timed considering the current state of news, media and politics. The book targets itself more to the average consumer of charts rather than data viz professionals, and to that end it contains a lot of examples from politics starting off with variations on the 2016 presidential voting map. It’s a good example to kick off the discussion as it demonstrates in various ways how charts can deceive.

    The rest of the book is broken down into different ways that charts can lie—either intentionally or not—leaving the reader with the ultimate takeaway to be skeptical of everything. The more successful examples are the ones—like the presidential voting maps—that show the same data presented in different ways.

    While any data viz pro will recognize a lot of expected topics, there is still some very good in depth coverage of Y-axes, scales, shading, data defining, and omission of data. All covered with accessible and understandable examples—some we’ve seen before and many we haven’t.

    As always with the author, the book is thoroughly researched and well-notated with an excellent bibliography.

    If there is a criticism, it might be in the production values of the book. Unlike Cairo’s previous works printed in full, glossy color, this is a 2-color production that forces you to focus more on the words really than the charts. Add to this the smaller form factor, and some of the charts printed all in shades of red and black can be a little hard to read at times. Ultimately the mood feels more academic than previous books, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing.

    Definitely worth adding to the bookshelf!

    7 people found this helpful
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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    An Important Lesson for Scientists
    Reviewed in the United States on November 5, 2019
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    More excellence in data visualization and communicating insights from one of the world's best teachers on the topic. Alberto's humanities-based approach: telling stories about data and explaining things in a way non-scientists can understand. While not as earth-shaking as his foundational texts "The Functional Art" and "The Truthful Art," as a veteran of several of his classes and lectures, I think one of the best lessons of this book is a hidden one - at some point, Alberto changed the title from being a shot at the cheeto to something more long lasting and less specifically tied to this era. In channeling his emotions and irritation with the cheeto into a more universal and less intimidating presentation (at least for some), he has brought in more people. More importantly, he has also taught us as scientists to control our emotions and personal views in a profound way. So yes, read this book and ALL the others by Alberto Cairo.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    This is not just a good book, this is an important book
    Reviewed in the United States on October 24, 2019
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    I’m a big fan of Cairo’s work and recommend his two previous books, "The Functional Art" and "The Truthful Art", to people who attend my workshops.

    Those books are for people who need to create charts and information graphics.

    With "How Chart Lie", Cairo is targeting a much larger audience.

    Everyone.

    Cairo is concerned at how politicians, advertisers, and the media use charts to bamboozle the public. He desperately wants to stop the spread of misinformation and wants you, the reader, to know BS when you see it. As he writes “we all have the civic duty to avoid spreading charts and stories that may be misleading. We must contribute to a healthier informational environment.”

    Cairo is an entertaining and engaging writer and a superb graphic designer. He’s also a very good teacher and those with any degree of curiosity will learn a great deal from him.

    Please be assured that the book is not just about how to avoid being duped by charts. There are many uplifting examples where Cairo channels his inner Hans Rosling and shows how much better life can be when we truly see and understand the data.

    I’m sorry our education system doesn’t require that people take civics classes anymore, and that this isn’t the primary reading material for those classes. We’d have better citizens.

    10 people found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    A must have for pretty much anyone
    Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2020
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    I am a huge fan of Alberto Cairo so when this book was released, I quickly grabbed a copy. it's taken me awhile to post a review, but didn't take me long to read through the book! It's a fabulous book for anyone especially in these days where we are constantly bombarded with charts and maps in the news. Cairo explains how to read charts and how to best create charts and maps that are clear and easy to understand. If you work with data at all, this book is a must have so you create effective and clear visualizations. Often the best ways to learn is to see how NOT to something - and this book accomplishes that for sure.

    Reading through the table of contents you can see that he covers all the key points - how charts work, poorly designed charts, dubious data, insufficient data, uncertainty, and misleading patterns.

    Get this book. You won't regret it.

    I also highly recommend Alberto Cairo's other books - The Truthful Art and The Functional Art. I've always been a proponent of good data visualization, but it was the Truthful Art book that turned me into a data viz evangelist!

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Required Reading
    Reviewed in the United States on December 7, 2019
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    'How Charts Lie' is the genuinely fantastic third book from one of today's preeminent voices in Data Visualization. Beautifully typeset and presented, Alberto Cairo guides us through the pitfalls of data storytelling with the straightforward tone of a master educator and equips us with the skills to interpret, question, and authenticate the data we see every day from political charts to hurricane maps and beyond.

    But he doesn't stop there. 'How Charts Lie' also promotes the responsibility of transparency we all bare in the ethical handling of data. A personal highlight is the masterful deconstruction of the twisted data that inspired Dylann Roof to instigate the horrific Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church massacre in 2015. Cairo's focus on dubious data is as spellbinding as it is terrifying.

    It's not all doom and gloom; however, there is a lighter side to the teaching, and I happen to agree with Cairo that Judas Priest *is* the most paradigmatic example of a 'Metal' band. (That said, I am of a certain age, and from England, so my experience in itself may be somewhat biased.)

    Since reading the book, I've found myself recommending it to every consumer of media (understand: 'everybody'); however—at the very least—'How Charts Lie' should be required reading for every student of data visualization and advertising/marketing/data professional.

    4 people found this helpful
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  • 3 out of 5 stars
    Not the worst but not the best.
    Reviewed in the United States on April 26, 2026
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    Not the worst but not the best. Makes good points and overall an easy read but don't expect to walk away learning much.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    How to be honest in your visual and data reasoning accesible to anyone
    Reviewed in the United States on October 27, 2019
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    Cairo's book is excellent for those interested in how to avoid misreading visualizations.

    The best thing is how it walks the reader though the process of creating charts, from data to communication. At each step, Cairo warns you of the possible pitfalls using examples, plenty of which are charts misused to advance an agenda. My favorite part are the reworks of those examples: he breaks apart the data, the visualization, and the annotation to build them back up again in an honest way.

    If you're an expert in visualization, it's a fun read about things you've likely seen yourself. And if you're a researcher and use data, it's a great checklist to be cautious, precise, and concise.

    4 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    For me, it is a reference book
    Reviewed in Canada on July 28, 2023
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    Excellent work by Alberto Cairo. I have read the book several times and use it as a reference. Like the part about visualizations as a language... and the many examples in there.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    N8ce examples
    Reviewed in Germany on July 24, 2025
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    Must for every data person

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    A must read
    Reviewed in India on February 23, 2022
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    Alberto Cairo has explained in very good detail, how tweaking charts can portray a different message altogether.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Useful, inspiring and engaging
    Reviewed in Spain on December 1, 2019
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    An amazing book with amazing examples about how charts can lie to us. Essential for these times in which data can be a two-edged sword. Alberto Cairo never disappoints.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Revelador. Recomendo
    Reviewed in Brazil on April 29, 2020
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    É melhor ler no celular/tablet/Pc precisa do gráfico para entender o raciocínio do autor

    Valeu a leitura. Muito bom.

    Revela como devemos olhar para os gráficos como uma ferramenta e não como a tese em si.

    Recomendo

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