Competing interests are situations that could be perceived to exert an undue influence on the presentation,
review or publication of a piece of work. These may be financial (may include paid employment, consultancy, honoraria, grants and patents), non-financial, professional, ideological, political, religious, contractual or personal in nature. We also expect that anyone who suspects an undisclosed competing interest regarding a work published
or under consideration by Cambridge University Press should inform the relevant editor or email publishingethics@cambridge.org .

Many of our publications require the inclusion of a funding declaration in addition to a competing interest declaration. We expect this declaration to be included in the manuscript itself where relevant. Please check with the relevant commissioning editor regarding declaration requirements.