EECS 240 Analog Integrated Circuits Topic 10:
Folded Cascode OTA
Bernhard E. Boser, Ali M. Niknejad,[Link] Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Folded Cascode
Good general purpose single-stage OTA Analysis
Bias Gain Input capacitance Frequency response Feedback, stability Settling time Noise Common-Mode Feedback
Design
Specications Circuit parameters
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & [Link]
Schematic
Many more transistors, but overall characteristics very similar to common-source stage.
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & [Link]
Bias Subcircuit
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
DC Gain, Bias
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Bias Differential Inputs
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Low Frequency Gain, Adm
Gain / Output Range tradeoff
Adm=120 Vod = 4.3V Adm=200 Vod = 3.6V (nominal parameter)
Increasing Adm:
Moderate:
Increase L Affects V*, phase margin
Substantial:
Double Cascode Gain boosting Multi-stage amplier
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Increased Adm
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Output Resistance
Beware of imbalance between NMOS and PMOS current source
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & [Link]
Gm, Cod Test Circuit
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Transconductance
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Differential Output Capacitance
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Differential Input Capacitance
CGS1 = 2/3 Cox W L = 117 fF Miller effect signicantly increases Cid at low frequency Cascoding M1, M2 helps (at the expense of reduced input commonmode range)
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Frequency Response (Adm)
Bandwidth
Strong function of CL Increasing fu?
Feedback
Stability Phase margin Increasing m Increasing CL increases m in single-stage amplier (costly)
& [Link]
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
Common Mode Feedback (CMFB) (See G&M, Ch. 13)
Essential in all fully-differential amplifiers How to implement it? Main choices: Continuous-time CMFB Resistors (mostly academic) Triode Devices Double Differential Pair Discrete-time CMFB Switched capacitor CMFB Issues: Bandwidth, rejection
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Ideal CMFB
+cmc -+ vop
A
von
Issue: How do we sense the output common-mode without disturbing the amplifier? (See next)
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Resistive CMFB
Consider Folded Cascode Amplifier Gain=Gm Rout=70dB (~3000 V/V) Rout=2.5M Rsense> 2.5M to avoid gain degradation-impractical + vop cmc - + von Rsense Rsense
What about using transistors?
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Triode Device CMFB
vdd biasP von biasP vop
What about using transistors? Advantage:Simple Problem:one side shuts off for large signal-> this become DMFB (differential mode feedback)
Vref vss
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
Vref
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Triode Device CMFB
vdd biasP von biasP vop
What about using transistors? Advantage:Simple Problem:one side shuts off for large signal-> this become DMFB (differential mode feedback) Similar version with double diff pair and same problems
Vref vss
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
Vref
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Switched Capacitor CMFB
What about using capacitors? Problem:initialization vop + cmc - + von Csense Csense
Solution: Switched Capacitor (see next)
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
Switched Capacitor CMFB
Solution: Switched Capacitor + vop cmc - + von 1 Csense 1 Csense 1 2 2 2 Vcmref Vbias Vcmref
EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode
2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad
& [Link]
