Unit 4 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
Essential Questions
How
can we make any substance using only the elements?
Focus Questions
How do compounds form? What are the different types of bonds?
Compounds
Cl
Na
NaCl
A compound is composed of 2 or more elements.
There are two types of compounds: Ionic and Molecular.
Chemical Formula or Chemical Name
A chemical formula shows the atoms making up a compound. Chemical formula: Chemical name: NaCl sodium chloride
Counting Atoms in Compounds
2 atoms: 1 Na and 1 Cl
NaCl
8 atoms: 3 H, 1 P, and 4 O The subscripts tell you how many atoms are present. No number means 1.
Directive: Complete Number of Atoms in a Formula worksheet. Dont move on to Types of Chemical Bonds just yet! Check with a classmate or Mr. Levine if you have a question. Show Mr. Levine when youre done so you get credit!
H3PO4
9 atoms: 1 Sr, 2 N, and 6 O The (parentheses) mean multiply the whole thing.
Sr(NO3)2
Ionic Bonds
Types of Bonds
Bond between metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions). Electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.
Metallic Bonds
Only metals. Sea of electrons
Covalent Bonds
Bond between nonmetals. Electrons are shared.
Polar Covalent (not shared equally) Non-Polar Covalent (shared equally)
Ionic Bonds
An ionic compound forms when a metal transfers an electron to a nonmetal. Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are electrically neutral. The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds are called ionic bonds. Ex. flourite CaF2 Ex. strontium chloride SrCl2
Transferring an
Each ion in an ionic bond is left with a complete outer shell.
Predicting Formulas
Ca F
+2
-1
Ionic compounds want to be neutral. The positive charge from Ca must equal the negative charge of F. Heres a trick. 1 calcium atom makes an ionic bond with 2 fluorine atoms.
quantity 1(+2) + 2(-1) = 0 charge
CaF2
Consider the math here:
neutral
Metallic Bonding
The valence electrons of atoms in pure metal can be modeled as a sea of electrons. Free electrons make metals great Conductors of electricity!
Alloys (Metal mixtures)
Sterling Silver 92.5% Au 7.5% Cu Cast Iron 96% Fe 4% C
Stainless Steel 80.6% Fe 18.0% Cr 0.4% C 1.0% Ni
Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is metal. Alloys are important because their properties are often superior to those of their component elements.
Molecules
A molecular compound is a compound composed of atoms that share electrons. Shared electrons between two atoms is called a covalent bond.
Directive
If you need more or a different explanation, please check out the videos and simulators on the webpage. Complete Types of Chemical Bonds WS Complete Basic Bonding WS When youre ready, take the Ionic and Molecular Compound Quiz. Go to Mastery Quiz on the website. Youll have 3 attempts and only the highest score counts, but dont worry, youll do great!
