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CBSE Class XI Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces

The document discusses intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding. It explains that dipole-dipole forces act between molecules with permanent dipoles, such as between two HCl molecules. Hydrogen bonding exists between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as in H2O, HF, NH3, and C2H5OH. Hydrogen bonding affects physical properties, for example ice has a lower density than water due to their different hydrogen-bonded structures. The strength of hydrogen bonding depends on the coulombic interaction between the lone pair electrons of the electronegative atom and the hydrogen atom of another molecule.

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41 views1 page

CBSE Class XI Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces

The document discusses intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding. It explains that dipole-dipole forces act between molecules with permanent dipoles, such as between two HCl molecules. Hydrogen bonding exists between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as in H2O, HF, NH3, and C2H5OH. Hydrogen bonding affects physical properties, for example ice has a lower density than water due to their different hydrogen-bonded structures. The strength of hydrogen bonding depends on the coulombic interaction between the lone pair electrons of the electronegative atom and the hydrogen atom of another molecule.

Uploaded by

satya176
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CBSE TEST PAPER-01 CLASS - XI CHEMISTRY (States of Matter: Gases and Liquids) Topic: - Intermolecular forces [ANSWERS]

Ans1.

Attractive intermolecular forces between molecules is known as Van der waals forces.

Ans2.

Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules possessing permanent dipole. Ends of the dipoles possess partial charges which are responsible for the interaction eg. The interaction between two HCl molecules.
S H
+

S Cl

S Cl

S Cl

(a) electron cloud in HCl molecule

(b) dipole - dipole interaction between two HCl molecule.

Ans3.

In H2O, HF, NH3, C2H5OH molecule, hydrogen bond exists between hydrogen and the other electronegative atom attached to it.

Ans4.

Hydrogen bonding affect the physical properties of compounds. Ice is H-bonded molecular solid having open cage structure whereas liquid water has H-bonding having closed cage structure that is why ice has lower density than water. Water has maximum density at 40C because when temperature is increased from o to 40C, some of the H-bonds break and molecules come closer and density increases till 40C because volume decreases. But, above 40C, the kinetic energy of molecules increases which leads to increase in volume and density decreases.

Ans5.

Ans6.

Thermal energy is the energy of a body arising from motion of its atoms or molecules. It is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.

Ans7.

Strength of the hydrogen bond is determined by the coulombic interaction between the lone-pair electrons of the electronegative atom of one molecule and the hydrogen atom of other molecule.

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