IBM Global Services
ABAP Data Declarations
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to :
List ABAP elementary data types
Declaring variables List user-defined data types Use arithmetic expressions List field-symbols
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ABAP Elementary Data Types
C: Character Text N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)
C: Character Text N: Numeric Text
I: Integer
D: Date
P: Packed #
T: Time
F: Floating Point #
X: Hexadecimal #
STRING
XSTRING
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Declaring Variables
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C, NICKNAME(35), POINTS TYPE I, GAMES TYPE I AVERAGE(5) TYPE P, STARTER, ACQUIRED TYPE D.
VALUE 10,
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Initial Values
C: (blank)
N: zeroes
I: zero
D: 00000000
P: zero
T: 000000
F: zeroes
X: 00
The CLEAR statement sets a field back to its initial value, not its default value.
6 ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Assigning Default Values
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C, NICKNAME(35) POINTS TYPE I GAMES TYPE I AVERAGE(5) TYPE P STARTER ACQUIRED TYPE D
VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
Dr. J, 255, 10, 25.5, Yes, 19760610.
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Declaring Like Fields
DATA:
PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, NICKNAME(35), ACQUIRED TYPE D.
Use the LIKE addition to declare fields with the same format (i.e., data type and length)
DATA:
PLAYER(35) NICKNAME ACQUIRED
TYPE C VALUE Julius Erving, LIKE PLAYER, LIKE SY-DATUM.
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Declaring Constants
The VALUE addition is required.
CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20) TYPE C VALUE 76ers, TEAM2 TYPE TEAM1 VALUE Celtics, TOT_GAMES TYPE I VALUE 82.
If you attempt to change the value of a constant, a syntax error will occur.
ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
User-Defined Data Types
TYPES:
NAME(35) TEAMS(20) DATA: PLAYER NICKNAME CONSTANTS: TEAM1 TEAM2
TYPE C, TYPE C. TYPE NAME VALUE Troy Aikman, TYPE PLAYER. TYPE TEAMS VALUE Cowboys, TYPE TEAM1 VALUE Packers.
A user-defined data type created with the TYPES statement is used to specify a fields data type in the TYPE addition of the DATA or CONSTANTS statements.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Output Characteristic for Data Types
Standard Length C = defined length I = 12 P = (2 * defined length) + 1 F = 22 Justification C = left-justified I = right-justified P = right-justified F = right-justified
N = defined length
D = 10 T =8 X = (2 * defined length)
N = left-justified
D = left-justified T = left-justified X = left-justified
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Output for Numeric Fields
DATA:
FLOAT PACK INT
TYPE F TYPE P TYPE I
VALUE 98.7654321E2, VALUE 12, VALUE 32.
WRITE: / FLOAT, / FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS 3, / FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2, / PACK, / PACK DECIMALS 1, / INT DECIMALS 2. 9.876543210000000E+03 987.654E+01 9876.54 12 12.0 32.00
These fields are not aligned because of the different standard output lengths of the numeric type fields.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Declaring variables and constants.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Declaring variables and constants.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Assigning Values to Fields
MOVE <value> TO <field>. [COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>. ADD <value> TO SUBTRACT <value> FROM MULTIPLY <field> BY DIVIDE <field> BY <field>. <field>. <value>. <value>.
DATA:
TITLE(25), SALARY TYPE P, CNVSALARY TYPE SALARY,
MOVE President TO TITLE. COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000. CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3. ADD 1000 TO SALARY.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Arithmetic Expressions
Operators + - * / ** DIV and MOD Functions SQRT, EXP, LOG, SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1. SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT. LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ). ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 - 10 ).
Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Sub-Fields in ABAP
DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C, INV_DATE TYPE SYDATUM.
CUSTOMER = 1234567890. INV_DATE = 19960626. Use an offset and length to display or change portions of a field.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), xx, INV_DATE(4).
* Start of Month INV_DATE+6(2) = 01. CUSTOMER+6(4) = ABCD. WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ------, INV_DATE.
90 xx 1996 123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Date Calculations in ABAP
DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P, DOB TYPE D, TODAY TYPE SYDATUM.
DOB TODAY = 19621230. = SY-DATUM. Date fields store values as YYYYMMDD.
DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB. WRITE: You are, DAYSOLD, days old.
You are 12410 days old.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS:
NUM TYPE I, NAME(20) DEFAULT AARON.
ADD 10 TO NUM. WRITE: / NUM, ----, NAME.
Selection Screen
21 ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Selection Texts
These selection texts will be used on the selection screen instead of the parameter names.
Selection Screen With the parameter description
22 ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Working with Field Symbols in ABAP
DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12. FIELD-SYMBOLS: <F1>, <F2> TYPE I, <F3> TYPE NUM. ASSIGN: NUM TO <F1>, NUM TO <F2>, NUM TO <F3>. WRITE: / Line 1:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>. <F1> = 32. WRITE: / Line 2:, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>. Line 1: 12 Line 2: 32 12 32 12 32 12 32
A field symbol is a pointer that assumes a fields address, not a fields value.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Working with Field Symbols.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Working with Field Symbols.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Dynamic Assignment of Partial Strings
DATA: TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ABCDEFGHIJK.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>. ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>. * this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at * position 3 to the field string. WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE. ULINE. WRITE: / Field Symbol=, <FSYMBOL>. ULINE.
<FSYMBOL> = 1234567890.
WRITE: / Field Symbol =, <FSYMBOL>. ULINE. WRITE: / Text Line =, TEXT_LINE.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Dynamic Field Assignment
PARAMETERS FIELD(8) DEFAULT SY-UZEIT. FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>. ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. WRITE: / The contents of field, FIELD, <FSYMBOL>. ELSE. WRITE: / Failure assigning field, FIELD, to field symbol. ENDIF.
FIELD
SY-UZEIT
Selection Screen
The contents of field SY-UZEIT [Link]
29 ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008
List
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Summary
DATA statement is used to declare a variable (or field) in an ABAP program
"LIKE" and "TYPE" statements are used to declare fields with reference to other variables or fields
CONSTANTS statement is used to declare a constant Text elements can be used to maintain a programs title and column headings, selection texts, and text symbols. These text elements can be maintained in multiple languages A field symbol does not reserve space for the field, but points to the field ASSIGN statement associates a field to a field symbol at runtime The system carries out automatic type conversion if variables are not of the same type ABAP allows to display and change portions of a field by specifying an offset and length
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Questions
What are the different types of data types?
What is a field symbol ? What is the advantage of using it in the program?
How to create a selection screen with the selection screen text?
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ABAP Data Declarations |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
