Database Access

Rick Cattell JavaSoft

Database Access

1. Relational database connectivity: JDBC 2. Higher-level relational APIs and tools 3. Object-oriented databases 4. Partners and summary

Overview
Java language attractive for database

applications Increasing interest for general applications, not just Internet Establish critical mass, libraries, tools for Java Have moved quickly with basic database connectivity Not trying to do it all ourselves: leverage partners, existing APIs

Why Java is Attractive for DB Applications

Zero installation/administration Platform-independence Secure enterprise applications Internet connection Better language (than VB, C++, COBOL) Increased productivity (no clobbers, memory

leaks, void*...) However: the Java language alone is not enough

New Components for Enterprise Apps

Rapid/4GL application development

Enterpriselevel tools

Database connection

Next two panels cover work in all of these areas

Database Connectivity
Relational Database 1. Simple JDBC API

Java

Object Database

2. HigherLevel APIs & Tools

3. ODMG Mapping

1. SQL Interface: JDBC

JDBC test suite JDBC API JDBC Driver Manager JDBC-ODBC Bridge ODBC Driver Manager Driver 1 Driver 2 Proprietary Listener protocol ODBC Driver Manager Driver DBMS DBMS JDBC-Net Bridge We provide JDBC pieces

. . .

Direct JDBC Driver

Published protocol

Proprietary protocol Partners sell other pieces

. . .

DBMS

Java code Other code

JDBC Product
Existing C database APIs not practical for Java Need solution yesterday; easy to leverage ODBC Synergy for ISVs producing connectivity and tools Partnership with Intersolv and others See http://splash.javasoft.com/jdbc for more info

March
Alpha Spec Alpha DM Endorsees

June
FCS Spec, DM Drivers available Beta bridge, tests

September
More drivers available FCS ODBC bridge FCS test suite

JDBC Design
Generally patterned after ODBC and

X/Open CLI Faithful to Java language with ease-of-use emphasis Low-level API; build other APIs on top Two kinds of users:
Programmers (need ease of use) Programs (need completeness, performance)

Two modes of operation:

Untrusted applets and drivers on Internet Trusted code accessing company DBMS servers

JDBC Features
Connection, Statement, ResultSet interfaces PreparedStatement and CallableStatement for

compilation and stored procedures Metadata and dynamic access Dynamic driver selection and loading Database naming based on URLS; typically jdbc:<subprotocol>:<identifier> ... More details in Graham Hamiltons talk

JDBC Example
... Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection( jdbc:odbc:sales); Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( SELECT Name, Sales FROM Customers); while (rs.next()) { String name = rs.getString(Name); int sales = rs.getInt(Sales); ...

2. Higher-Level Relational Tools and APIs

Embedded SQL for Java language Integration with application-building tools Integration with 3-tier tools: RMI, CORBA Enterprise repository and administration tools Object/relational mapping

Object/Relational Mapping: Declarations

SQL: CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
CUSTID INTEGER NOT NULL, ADDRESS VARCHAR(50), SALESREP INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (CUSTID), FOREIGN KEY (SALESREP)REFERENCES SALES);

Java: class Customer {

int CustID; String address; Sales salesRep }

Automatically create Java class for each table in database schema (or vice versa), plus provide tools to embellish for many-to-one mappings, relationships, etc.

Object/Relational Mapping: Code

... Transaction t = Transaction.create(); CustomerSet cs = CustomerSet.query(mycustomers); Sales s = c.salesRep; /* follows foreign key */ c.address = newAddress; /* obtains write lock */ s.sales = s.sales + thisOrder; t.commit(); /* writes c and s back to database */ ...

Java transaction object, database object, etc; transparently fetch/store Java objects from tables, map foreign keys to Java references

Object/Relational Mapping + GUI Tools

GUI Elements Java Objects Database Records

3. Object Databases for Java

Transparent persistence for Java objects Java ideal for object databases since safe Cached performance with more powerful data

structures than relational More transparent and faster than pickling Not a JavaSoft product; working with ODMG consortium (Object Database Management Group): voting members GemStone, IBEX, O2, Object Design, Objectivity, POET, UniSQL, Versant

ODMG Timetable
Formed working group, chaired by me Already reached agreement on initial

specification Several vendors well along on implementation See http://www.odmg.org/ for more ODMG info
April ODMG WG Draft spec June Review spec Java hook? December Freeze spec Initial products

ODMG Java Binding

ODMG class library: Database, transaction, query,

and collection classes Persistence orthogonal to type: Existing classes can have persistent and transient instances Persistence by reachability: All objects reachable from designated named root database objects become persistent on transaction.commit ODMG object model: Integrity constraints, can share data with persistent C++ and Smalltalk programs Full database functionality: SQL2 superset OQL, transaction per thread, object locking

ODMG Example
Database.open(University,Database.ReadWrite); Transaction t = new Transaction; ... SetOfStudent mathematicians = Students.query "exists s in this.takes: s.course.name=\"math\""); Student joe = Students.select(id = 4132); Professor oldAdvisor = joe.advisor; joe.advisor = newAdvisor; joe.address = 123 Main Street; t.commit() ...

4. Database Partners
Companies Products this year Bluestone Borland BulletProof IBM Sapphire/Web database app-builder InterClient JDBC driver for InterBase, Latt app-builder JAGG JDBC/ODBC drivers and JDesignerPro database app-builder DB2 JDBC driver. CGI scripting, app-building tools, Java stored procedures/user functions / triggers, Data Access Builder and Visual Age object/relational mapping on JDBC

Database Partners
Companies
Imaginary Informix Intersolv

Product this year

Postgres95 and mSQL JDBC drivers, mSQL DBMS Database app-building tools, DBMS SequeLink JDBC-net driver, JDBC drivers, ODBC drivers, joint development of JDBC/ODBC bridge and test suites Object database, object/relational mapping Object database, object/relational mapping, JDBC driver Connection JDBC-net driver, security services, directory services, TP services JDBC drivers Database application building tools, DBMS Object Database

O2 Technology Object Design Open Horizon OpenLink Oracle POET

Database Partners
Companies
SAS SCO Spider Software Sybase Symantec Versant Visigenic Software WebLogic

Product this year

Java JDBC driver for Share*Net SQL-Retriever JDBC/ODBC drivers NetDynamics web/database application builder for JDBC and ODBC Optima++ Java database application development tools, DBMS JDBC drivers, Caf app bulding tools and libraries Object database JDBC drivers, OpenChannel JDBC-net driver, ODBC drivers, source licensee partner T3Server JDBC-net driver, dbKona API

Database Partners
Companies
Working Set XDB

Product this year

DataRamp JDBC-net driver and server JetConnectPro JDBC/ODBC drivers, DB GUI classes on AWT, JetStream RDBMS/gateway

For more partner info see JDBC web page and JavaOne panels on database access, engines, and tools
Note: Listed product names are trademarks of their respective companies; Java, JDBC, and JDBC-Compliant are JavaSoft trademarks.

Summary
JDBC: Quick to market, access legacy

and relational database, direct use and generated code Higher-level: Object-relational mapping, embedded SQL, integration with tools/repository Object database: High-performance persistence for small footprint, embedded use Partners: Not trying to do it all ourselves; focus on APIs so pieces plug together