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Fuel Properties Comparison Chart

This document compares the properties of various conventional and alternative vehicle fuels including gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hydrogen. It provides information on the chemical formula, physical state, molecular weight, composition by weight, main fuel sources, specific gravity, density, boiling point, freezing point, autoignition temperature, and Reid vapor pressure for each fuel. The fuels span a range of chemical formulas, molecular weights, densities, boiling points, and other characteristic properties.

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112 views1 page

Fuel Properties Comparison Chart

This document compares the properties of various conventional and alternative vehicle fuels including gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hydrogen. It provides information on the chemical formula, physical state, molecular weight, composition by weight, main fuel sources, specific gravity, density, boiling point, freezing point, autoignition temperature, and Reid vapor pressure for each fuel. The fuels span a range of chemical formulas, molecular weights, densities, boiling points, and other characteristic properties.

Uploaded by

grabetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Property Gasoline No.

2 diesel Methanol Ethanol


Chemical formula C
4
to C
12
C
3
to C
25
CH
3
OH C
2
H
5
OH
Physical state Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid
Molecular weight 100105 200 32.04 46.07
Composition (weight %)
Carbon 8588 87 37.5 52.2
Hydrogen 1215 13 12.6 13.1
Oxygen 0 0 49.9 34.7
Main fuel source(s) Crude oil Crude oil
Natural gas, coal, or
woody biomass
Corn, grains, or
agricultural waste
Specific gravity (60 F/ 60 F) 0.720.78 0.85 0.796 0.796
Density (lb/gal @ 60 F) 6.06.5 7.079 6.63 6.61
Boiling temperature (F) 80437 356644 149 172
Freezing point (F) -40 -4030 -143.5 -173.2
Autoiginition temperature (F) 495 600 867 793
Reid vapor pressure (psi) 815 <0.2 4.6 2.3
Property Propane CNG Hydrogen
Chemical formula C
3
H
8
CH
4
H
2
Physical state Compressed gas Compressed gas Compressed gas or liquid
Molecular weight 44.1 16.04 2.02
Composition (weight %)
Carbon 82 75 0
Hydrogen 18 25 100
Oxygen n/a n/a 0
Main fuel source Underground reserves Underground reserves
Natural gas, methanol,
and other energy sources
Specific gravity (60 F/ 60 F) 0.508 0.424 0.07
Density (lb/gal @ 60 F) 4.22 1.07 n/a
Boiling temperature (F) -44 -263.2 to -126.4 -423
Freezing point (F) -305.8 -296 -435
Autoiginition temperature (F) 842 900-1,170 932
Reid vapor pressure (psi) 208 2,400 n/a
Source:
Alternative Fuels Data Center, Properties of Fuel, www.afdc.doe.gov/pdfs/fueltable.pdf and Fuel
Comparison, www.afdc.doe.gov/fuel_comp.html, February 2009.
Note: n/a = not applicable.
Properties of Conventional and Alternative Fuels
Table 6.5

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