Getting Started

in Shares
ASX.
The Australian Sharemarket
Disclaimer of Liability
Information provided is for educational purposes and does not constitute fnancial product advice. You should obtain
independent advice from an Australian fnancial services licensee before making any fnancial decisions. Although ASX
Limited (ABN 98 008 624 691) and its related bodies corporate (ASX) has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the
information as at the date of publication, ASX does not give any warranty or representation as to the accuracy, reliability or
completeness of the information. To the extent permitted by law, ASX and its employees, offcers and contractors shall not be
liable for any loss or damage arising in any way (including by way of negligence) from or in connection with any information
provided or omitted or from any one acting or refraining to act in reliance on this information.
Copyright ASX Limited
No part of this brochure may be copied, reproduced, published, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by
any means in whole or in part without the prior written permission of ASX.
Reprinted March 2001. Revised June 2001. Revised November 2001. Rewritten March 2004. Rewritten January 2006.
Revised March 2007. Revised September 2008. Revised May 2010. Revised November 2011. Rewritten 2014.
ASX and CHESS are registered trade marks of ASX.
S&P is a registered trade mark of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Exchange Centre, 20 Bridge Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: 131 279 [Link]
1
Contents
Thinking about investing 2
What is a share? 3
Three steps to investing in the sharemarket 4
1 Getting ready 4
2 Investing how to buy and sell shares 6
3 Getting better 16
2
Thinking about investing
When you turn your mind to the prospect of investing
in the sharemarket there are a lot of things to consider.
Consider why you want to invest in the market
what are your investment objectives?
Consider whether these objectives are sound
and realistic and how you are going to achieve
them. This goes to mapping out your investment
strategy.
Then there are the practicalities of actually
investing of doing it. People often get a bit
overwhelmed because for many the sharemarket
is unfamiliar territory with unfamiliar language.
This brochure is intended to give you what you
need to know in clear language that is easy
to understand.
We will touch on the importance of having
objectives and a plan but it wont be the central
theme. There are many resources that you can
draw on to assist you including the free courses,
email newsletter and sharemarket game we
provide on our website [Link]. There are
also many books, magazines and newsletters
on investing that are available.
The primary purpose of this brochure is to get you
ready for investing in shares in a practical sense.
And of course, once you have bought some shares
that is just the start of the journey. You will want
to know how your shares are performing and
how you can build on your investing skills. Well
give you some suggestions on the resources you
can use.
Objectives
How do you fnd a stockbroker that suits your needs?
How do you set up an account with a broker?
If you are talking to an adviser, what are they likely to ask you?
What is all the paperwork about?
After you have bought some shares, what happens next?
3
What is a share?
If someone walked up to you
in the street and asked:
You might say:
A share represents a part ownership
in a business.
The more proftable that business is, the more
valuable the shares of the business become.
Shares are a way to trade a stake in that
business with other people.
What if that person followed up with
another question?
What is the sharemarket?
People often dont realise they already know what
the sharemarket is. The sharemarket is just like a
fsh market, a fruit market or a cattle market. It is
a place where buyers and sellers come together to
work out a price for something by bidding for it.
The tricky part about the sharemarket is that there
is no physical good that can be seen, touched or
smelt. Also people dont come together under the
roof of a sharemarket building to trade. Todays
sharemarket is an electronic one where buyers and
sellers are in different locations but come together
in a virtual market place to buy and sell shares.
After explaining that a share represents a part
ownership in a business and the sharemarket is
a place for buying and selling those shares, you
might be asked one fnal question:
Why would I buy and sell shares?
The simple answer is to build wealth.
You can do this in two ways:
buy shares at one price and sell at a higher
price, and
earn income in the form of dividends from
your shareholding.
A share price goes up because people value the
shares in that company and offer increasingly
higher prices to buy them. This may sound simple,
but there is no guarantee shares will rise in price
while you own them.
The big risk of investing in the sharemarket is
owning shares in a company that fails and its
shares become worthless.
THE MORE PROFITABLE THAT BUSINESS
IS, THE MORE VALUABLE THE SHARES
OF THE BUSINESS BECOME.
Tell me,
what is a share?
4
1
Getting ready
Investing in the sharemarket is not a guarantee
of wealth in fact it is quite possible for
sharemarket investments to perform badly and
lose money. All investments carry some degree of
risk it is something you need to consider when
assessing each and every investment.
Take a moment to refect on these questions:
What are my goals?
How much money should I invest?
Where should I invest: the sharemarket,
bank deposits, property?
Many people use experienced and qualifed fnancial
advisers to help formulate their investment goals
or to test some of their ideas. This can help in
assessing how realistic these goals are and the
level of risk you might expect to take on.
Risk and reward in perspective
To get a return on an investment you must accept
some level of risk. The higher the potential return,
the higher the risk to your funds.
Your challenge as an investor is to know what risk
your investments have and how much you are
prepared to accept. What would it mean to you
if the worst case scenario occurred i.e. owning
shares in a company that went out of business
and those shares became worthless?
Diversifcation
The popular saying dont put all your eggs in one
basket can apply to many things but it applies
particularly well to investing in the sharemarket.
Markets move in cycles. Some investors fall into the
trap of putting all their money into one asset class
or sector usually at its peak, and then watch as
another asset class or sector takes off without them
(an asset class is an investment type like shares or
property and a sector is a particular investment
area like shares in banks or mining companies).
It is better to diversify, spreading your risk.
The sharemarket is one asset class and there
are different sectors within the sharemarket
you can use to diversify your portfolio.
A sound investment portfolio usually includes
investments with a combination of different
features. For example, you might hold some
investments that you can convert to cash easily
and some you are happy to have locked away
for a period of time.
Three steps to investing
in the sharemarket
1 Getting ready
2 Investing how to buy and sell shares
3 Getting better
$0
RISK
WORST CASE
5
Why do people invest in shares?
Capital growth
People invest in shares because they offer the
possibility that their price will rise. Investors might
only intend holding the shares for a relatively
short term or they might have a longer term view,
but in either case they hope to make a proft.
Dividend income
Apart from buying and selling shares for proft,
investors also buy shares to provide an income stream.
Dividends are cash distributions from a company
to its shareholders. Dividend payments are typically
paid each six months as interim and fnal
dividends. Companies are under no obligation to
pay dividends and the amount a company pays in
dividends can vary from year to year.
Some companies pay dividends with franking
credits attached. The effect of franking credits
can be to increase the after-tax beneft to the
shareholder. See the section on tax below.
Companies can also offer dividend reinvestment
plans. Rather than receive a cash payment, you
can use the dividend amount you receive to buy
new shares in the company.
The price of a share will often fall by
approximately the dividend amount when the
share goes ex-dividend. To be entitled to a
particular dividend a shareholder must have
purchased the shares before the ex-dividend date
for that dividend. If you purchase shares on or
after that date, the previous owner of the shares
(and not you) will receive the dividend.
Tax and shares
Investing in shares has tax implications. The
purchase and proftable sale of a share investment
will usually incur capital gains tax.
One beneft of share investing is it can offer
concessional capital gains tax. In most circumstances
the capital gains tax payable may be discounted
by 50% for shares sold 12 months or more after
the date of acquisition. This means only half of the
capital gain is included in your assessable income.
In the case where you bought and then sold some
shares for a loss the capital loss can be offset
against any capital gains or carried forward if you
have not crystallised any profts in that tax period.
Dividends are regarded as assessable income and
you can be taxed on them. As mentioned above,
dividends from shares are sometimes paid with
franking credits attached. Franking credits pass on
the value of any tax that the company has already
paid on its profts.
Shareholders can receive an imputed credit with
their dividends. Dividends can be fully franked
(100%) to the extent of the company tax rate,
partially franked or unfranked.
The beneft of franking credits is their potential
to increase your after-tax returns.
Stamp duty and GST do not apply to the purchase
or sale of listed shares. However, GST will be
imposed on brokerage fees associated with such
transactions.
Please be aware that tax policies can change.
You should always consult your accountant
or other professional taxation adviser.
The website of the Australian Taxation Offce
will explain the current policies applying to
tax on share investments.
23 22
PEOPLE INVEST IN SHARES BECAUSE THEY OFFER
THE POSSIBILITY THAT THEIR PRICE WILL RISE.
To be entitled to a particular
dividend a shareholder must
have purchased the shares before
the ex-dividend date for that
dividend. If you purchase shares
on or after that date, the previous
owner of the shares (and not you)
will receive the dividend.
6
2
Investing
How to buy and sell shares
Where do shares come from in the frst place?
When a company frst issues shares for sale, this is generally called a foat or initial public offering (IPO).
A company might foat on the sharemarket as a way to raise money or to give existing owners an exit
for their investment. After the foat, the shares are available to buy and sell on the sharemarket.
The sharemarket where buyers and sellers come together
It may seem obvious, but when you buy shares, there is someone on the other side who is selling those
shares (and vice versa). The sharemarket provides the means for the two parties to organise how many
shares they want to trade and the price.
THE SHAREMARKET PROVIDES THE MEANS FOR
THE TWO PARTIES TO ORGANISE HOW MANY
SHARES THEY WANT TO TRADE AND THE PRICE.
Company X issues a
prospectus with details
on the company
Investors review
the prospectus
to determine its
investment suitability
By purchasing shares
the investors are
now part owners
in company X
Company X can
use the invested
funds to expand
1
2 3
4
7
Using a stockbroker
If you are new to the sharemarket, an important thing to know is that the buying and selling of shares
requires the services of a stockbroker.
BUYER SELLER STOCKBROKER
Market
Participant
STOCKBROKER
Market
Participant
SHAREMARKET
STOCK BID ASK
XYZ 38.04 38.05
ABC 51.04 51.05
IJK 12.26 12.27
Types of stockbrokers
There are two main categories of stockbrokers those that offer advice and those that do not. Full
service brokers will help you decide what to buy and sell and provide investment advice. No advice
brokers simply execute your buy and sell orders in the market.
SHAREMARKET
STOCK BID ASK
XYZ 38.04 38.05
ABC 51.04 51.05
IJK 12.26 12.27
?
INVESTOR
500 shares
in Company X
ADVISORY
BROKER
SHAREMARKET
STOCK BID ASK
XYZ 38.04 38.05
ABC 51.04 51.05
IJK 12.26 12.27
Buy
INVESTOR NON-ADVISORY
BROKER
Ok
GETTING ADVICE
NO ADVICE
Find a broker
The ASX website has information on the types of
stockbrokers available plus contact details to get
in touch with a broker suited to your needs.
Do you need advice or want to go it alone?
The advantages of professional advice can be well
worth any additional costs while you are getting
started or if you do not have the time to do all
your own research and follow the market. On the
other hand, doing it yourself can be rewarding.
Regardless of whether you consult an adviser,
you are ultimately responsible for your own
investments so it is important to be comfortable
with whatever path you take. For this reason,
many investors rely on a combination of their
own ideas based on their own research plus an
advisers recommendations.
If you are just starting out in the sharemarket
and dont feel confdent in your sharemarket
knowledge you may value the advice of a full
service broker. However, if you are more interested
in low cost trading and are confdent in your
knowledge of the sharemarket you may prefer
a no advice broker.
8
Getting started with your stockbroker
A stockbroker will provide you with their
Financial Services Guide (FSG). This will contain
information about their fees, services and your
rights as a client.
If you are seeking advice your broker will want
to learn about your fnancial situation. This
is because a broker must take into account
your fnancial circumstances and your
fnancial objectives when making investment
recommendations. It is a good idea to write down
your objectives before meeting with a broker
and make sure you have the relevant documents
with you. And you will need to tell your broker
about any signifcant change in your fnancial
circumstances or your fnancial objectives.
All types of brokers will require you to provide
them with certain personal information,
including your tax fle number and proof of
identity. You may also be required to set up a
cash management account to provide money
in advance of your trading.
What are the costs?
When you buy and sell shares on market, you pay
brokerage for each trade. This is the stockbrokers
fee for executing your trade.
Brokerage rates vary between brokers to refect
the different services they provide. Minimum
fees currently range from approximately $20
(online broker offering no advice) to $120+ (full-
service broker providing advice and research) per
transaction. The fee you pay will also include any
stock exchange fees.
Paperwork
When you place an order you will usually be
emailed an order confrmation and if a trade takes
place you will be sent a confrmation (also known
as a contract note). The confrmation will show
the details of the trade, including any amount
you need to pay or will receive. It is important
to check the details on the contract note closely.
Is my stockbroker a Participant?
When looking to use the services of
a stockbroker, you might like to check
that they are a Participant of ASX.
These brokers come under the direct
supervision of ASX and ASIC. These
brokers may also be Participants of
other licensed markets in Australia,
e.g. Participant of Chi-X Australia.
There are other businesses that offer
advice on buying and selling shares
and may offer a service to buy or sell
your shares on your behalf. However, if
they are not a Participant of a licensed
market they cannot enter orders into
the market. Instead they must go
through a Participant. You should
establish the status of any party you
deal with as some compensation
regimes are only available to clients
of Participants.
In Australia there are two markets where
your order can be matched, the market
operated by ASX Ltd and the market
operated by Chi-X Australia. Irrespective
of the market, your broker is obliged
to try to get the best price that can
be achieved in the prevailing
market conditions.
WHEN YOU BUY AND SELL SHARES ON MARKET,
YOU PAY BROKERAGE FOR EACH TRADE. THIS IS THE
STOCKBROKERS FEE FOR EXECUTING YOUR TRADE.
9
Your frst share trade
Once you have made your decision which shares to buy or sell and you are all set up with your broker
then you are ready for your frst trade.
What does the market look like?
When you are new to the sharemarket, one of the hardest things to understand is what the market
actually looks like. The table below is an example of what you would typically see on a brokers website.
It is the market depth for a share the number of buy orders and sell orders that people have placed
into the market.
These two columns show you what people are
willing to buy the shares for (the bid) and what
they are willing to sell for (the ask)
This column shows
how many shares at that
price people are looking
to sell
Quantity Bid (the buyers) Ask (the sellers) Quantity
750 $1.21 $1.23 630
100 $1.20 $1.24 1,000
5,000 $1.20 $1.24 5,000
500 $1.20 $1.24 600
20 $1.19 $1.25 5,650
This column shows
how many shares at
that price people are
looking to buy
Consider: price, volume & order type
For the sake of this example, assume you are looking to buy some shares, there are three basic points
to consider:
1. The price you are prepared to pay.
2. How many shares are available to buy at that price?
3. The type of order.
Quantity Bid (the buyers) Ask (the sellers) Quantity
750 $1.21 $1.23 630
100 $1.20 $1.24 1,000
5,000 $1.20 $1.24 5,000
500 $1.20 $1.24 600
20 $1.19 $1.25 5,650
The lowest price being
offered by sellers is $1.23
Secondly consider the number of shares you are looking to buy.
In our example market there are 630 shares being offered for sale
at the price of $1.23.
Quantity Bid (the buyers) Ask (the sellers) Quantity
750 $1.21 $1.23 630
100 $1.20 $1.24 1,000
5,000 $1.20 $1.24 5,000
500 $1.20 $1.24 600
20 $1.19 $1.25 5,650
There are 630 shares
being offered for sale
at $1.23
Firstly, consider the price you are willing to pay.
Using our example market, if you want to buy
shares, the cheapest price they are available for
in the market is $1.23 this is the price at the
top of the Ask column.
10
The third consideration is the type of order you use. Broadly speaking you can:
set a particular price that you are happy to trade at a limit order, or
ask for your order to be placed at the top of the price queue and trade at the best available price
a market or market to limit order.
Orders to buy and sell shares are typically matched frst according to best price and then according to
the time at which they are entered into the system. This is known as price/time priority.
So reviewing your order, you want to buy 500 shares, and you are happy with a price of $1.23. So you
place a market order. You can see from this market depth screen that there is suffcient volume so your
order trades. This is what happens:
Quantity Bid (the buyers) Ask (the sellers) Quantity
500 $1.23 $1.23 630
750 $1.21 $1.24 1,000
100 $1.20 $1.24 5,000
5,000 $1.20 $1.24 600
500 $1.20 $1.25 5,650
20 $1.19 $1.25 100
Your order goes into the market
and trades with the other side
Quantity Bid (the buyers) Ask (the sellers) Quantity
750 $1.21 $1.23 130
100 $1.20 $1.24 1,000
5,000 $1.20 $1.24 5,000
500 $1.20 $1.24 600
20 $1.19 $1.25 5,650
700 $1.18 $1.25 100
Your order for 500 shares has been executed and so it
disappears from the list of orders and the next best buy
order ($1.21) becomes the top order on the bid side
Your order for 500 shares did not fll all the shares
on offer at that price, so there are still 130 left at
$1.23 on the ask side
Lets extend this example and consider a scenario where you want to buy 4,000 shares. You have two options,
place a market order, in which case you will need to accept a combination of prices at $1.23 and $1.24 to fll
the volume of your order. Or you can place a limit order for a price you choose, say $1.22, and see if there are
sellers in the market who will adjust their price lower to meet your order and complete a trade.
11
It is important to note the volume of buying
and selling of shares in a company is known
as liquidity and it is an important consideration
because the more liquid a stock, the easier it is
to buy and sell quickly at a price you expect.
Many companies have very active markets
for their shares with millions of dollars worth
of shares traded every day. But there are also
companies that have relatively little activity in
their shares. The difference between the buy price
and the sell price (the bid/ask spread) might be
quite a bit wider for an illiquid stock than for a
liquid stock. If you want to buy a larger quantity
of shares of an illiquid stock you might have to
pay quite a bit more than the current sell price
to get all of your order flled.
Our example does not convey the dynamic
nature of the sharemarket. During trading hours,
the price of a share can be constantly moving,
sometimes by large amounts. Buying and selling
shares does require attention and diligence and
the price of a share can move very rapidly.
Using a limit order is one way to be sure of the
price you expect to trade at. Lets look at limit
and market orders more closely.
Limit order
A limit order allows you to be specifc about the
price you want to trade at.
This means that for a buy order the price you
nominate is the maximum price the order will
trade at. It can trade at less than this price but
not more. Using our example, you might place a
limit order for $1.22, this is less than the current
best price being offered for sale. The market might
move to meet your price, in which case you have
bought the shares at a cheaper price than had
you simply taken the $1.23 price.
A limit buy order at $1.22 can trade at $1.21 but
will never trade at $1.23 or above.
For a sell order, the price you nominate is the
minimum price the order will trade at. It can trade
at more than this price but not less. For example,
a limit sell order entered at $1.23 can trade at
$1.24 but will never trade at less than $1.23.
Market or market to limit order
A market to limit order is commonly referred to
as a market order. If you are happy to trade at the
best prevailing price in the market then you can
use this order. With this order type you nominate
the quantity you wish to buy or sell but not
the price.
The principle of this order type is that you will
trade at the best price available in the market. In
the case of our example you would buy shares
at $1.23, the best price at which they are being
offered for sale. If the whole volume of your order
cannot be traded at this price, the remainder of
the volume is then converted to a limit order at
the price you traded.
In practice brokers may offer a modifed version
of this where your market order is executed with
some margin around the frst traded price to
ease the execution of the order. This increases
the convenience of this order type, giving you
more confdence that your order can be promptly
executed and flled.
Different brokers have different arrangements
regarding how they manage market/market to
limit orders so make enquiries with your broker.
During trading hours, the price of
a share can be constantly moving,
sometimes by large amounts.
Buying and selling shares does
require attention and diligence
and the price of a share can
move very rapidly.
THE MORE LIQUID A STOCK, THE EASIER IT IS TO
BUY AND SELL QUICKLY AT A PRICE YOU EXPECT.
12
Keeping track of your shares
how settlement works
As well as getting set up with a trading account,
your broker will also assist you in getting set up
for settlement. You need to do this because when
you buy or sell fnancial products such as shares,
you must exchange the title or legal ownership of
those fnancial products for money. This exchange
is called settlement.
We will frst explain the settlement process and
then go through what you need to do.
Settlement occurs automatically three business
days after a trade takes place (referred to as T+3).
A system called CHESS (Clearing House Electronic
Subregister System) automatically undertakes two
simultaneous processes:
payment is made for the trade by electronic
transfer from the buyer to the seller, and
the legal ownership of the share is transferred
from the seller to the buyer.
This process is referred to as delivery versus
payment (DvP). The settlement process is handled
by a settlement participant, who may be your
broker or an agent contracted by your broker.
Which subregister?
Any change of ownership needs to be recorded.
Your broker may ask you whether you want to
be broker sponsored or issuer sponsored. If you
choose the former, your shares will be held on the
CHESS subregister. If you choose the latter, your
shares will be held on a subregister sponsored by
the issuer of the shares that you have bought.
Whats the difference?
If you opt for broker sponsored, all of your
holdings can be consolidated on the one broker
sponsored account making it easy to track your
holdings and change any details but you must
trade through that broker while the shares are
sponsored that way.
If you opt for issuer sponsored then you can
easily trade through any broker but you will have
a separate issuer sponsored holding for each of
the shareholdings.
You can have more than one broker sponsoring
different shares within your overall portfolio (in
which case you will have a different HIN for each
broker). You can also switch shares from being
broker sponsored to issuer sponsored, or vice
versa, or from being sponsored by one broker
to being sponsored by a different broker.
HINs and SRNs the account numbers
that identity your shareholdings
If you elect to go broker sponsored you will
be provided with a HIN (Holder Identifcation
Number) by your sponsoring broker.
If you elect to go issuer sponsored you will be
provided with a SRN (Security-holder Reference
Number) and you will have a separate SRN for each
holding that you nominate as issuer sponsored.
In practice it can work like this:
you are broker sponsored and own shares in
BHP, Telstra and NAB you have one HIN or,
you own shares in BHP, Telstra and NAB and
each are issuer sponsored you have three
different SRNs.
COMPANY X COMPANY Y COMPANY Z
Share
registry
Share
registry
Share
registry
3 x SRN
=
COMPANY X COMPANY Y COMPANY Z
1 x broker sponsored
1 x HIN
=
13
You can choose to have some holdings broker
sponsored and other holdings issuer sponsored. In
this case you would have one HIN and individual
SRNs for the issuer sponsored holdings.
It is important that you have your HIN and
your SRNs recorded and handy as you will need
these details when you contact your broker and
company share registers.
Holding statements
Whenever you buy or sell shares involving a
CHESS holding you will receive a CHESS holding
statement that confrms the transaction. Likewise,
whenever you buy or sell shares involving an
issuer sponsored holding you will receive an issuer
sponsored holding statement.
Share registries
When you buy shares in a company, your ownership
is recorded on that companys share register.
A companys share register is made up of all the
shareholdings on its CHESS (broker sponsored)
and issuer sponsored sub-registers combined.
The companys share registry looks after its share
register and handles most of the dealings you will
have with the company you have invested in.
You will be asked by the registry to provide
banking details so that any payments such as
dividends can be paid into your bank account.
Company reports will be provided to you via the
share registry as well as forms for voting
on matters that require shareholder approval.
Many things can be managed online through
the website of the share registry, although some
matters may require written confrmation by the
shareholder before they will be actioned by the
registry (a change of address for example).
Depending on how many companies you own
shares in and the number of associated registries
involved, you may have dealings with a number
of share registries or just one or two.
Off-market transfers
Giving shares to another person as a gift is
possible. To do this, you simply tell your broker
you wish to make an off-market transfer.
Changing brokers
You may want to change stockbrokers. From a
settlement administration perspective changing
broking frms is straightforward. If your shares
are issuer-sponsored, you will need to complete a
new client agreement form, provide some of your
personal and fnancial details and the relevant
SRN to your new broker.
If you have a HIN and you want to change your
broker sponsor, this is possible however a fee may
be applicable. Talk to your broker or ASX Customer
Service for details.
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU HAVE YOUR HIN AND
YOUR SRNS RECORDED AND HANDY AS YOU WILL
NEED THESE DETAILS WHEN YOU CONTACT YOUR
BROKER AND COMPANY SHARE REGISTERS.
14
Being a shareholder
comes with responsibilities
As a shareholder, you may need to make decisions
about taking up various rights and benefts
offered by the companies you have invested in.
In each case, you should keep your investment
goals and strategy in mind and decide whether
to consult an adviser.
Annual General Meeting (AGM): ASX-listed
companies conduct an AGM where shareholders
vote on electing new directors to the board
and other resolutions relating to the companys
business. The Chairperson of the board and
company Chief Executive Offcer usually address
the meeting. You will be sent a notice of meeting
outlining when and where the AGM is to be held.
You can usually participate without physically
attending by returning the voting forms sent to
you. More and more companies are introducing
electronic modes of voting for those unable
to attend.
Many investors see the AGM as a good
opportunity to hear what senior management
have to say. Some companies webcast their AGMs.
Reports and information: ASX-listed companies
issue annual and interim (and sometimes
quarterly) fnancial reports to shareholders.
Reading these reports is a good way to keep in
touch with the companys business and future
prospects. You can often choose whether to
receive a full report or condensed report in
either paper or electronic form.
Briefngs to analysts are also released to the
market and you can view these on the companys
website or via the ASX website as a market
announcement.
Corporate actions: from time to time companies
can re-organise their business and shares on issue.
This might be a merger with another company
or a demerger of the existing business into
separate businesses. These can be complex and
they can affect the share price and distributions.
You should consider consulting an adviser before
making a decision.
A company may make a share offer to existing
shareholders, for example a rights issue. The
details of the offer will be sent to you by the
companys share registry. It will explain eligibility
and how to make a payment if you wish to take
up the offer.
AS A SHAREHOLDER, YOU MAY NEED TO MAKE
DECISIONS ABOUT TAKING UP VARIOUS RIGHTS
AND BENEFITS OFFERED BY THE COMPANIES YOU
HAVE INVESTED IN.
15
Other listed investment choices
We have discussed how to get set-up to start
investing in the sharemarket and we have referred
solely to shares as this is a term most people are
familiar with. But there are investment choices
that you can buy and sell just like shares and
that are also well suited to investors new to
the market.
Managed funds
Managed funds pool the money of individual
investors which, depending on the mandate, is
then invested by a fund manager into specifc
asset classes such as shares, bonds, property
or infrastructure.
Managed funds are popular with investors as
they make it easy to invest. One transaction
can provide access to a range of underlying
investments. They also provide access to
investments that may otherwise be out of reach.
When you invest in a managed fund, you are
allocated a number of units in the fund. Each unit
represents an equal portion of the funds value. You
may receive regular payments called distributions.
These are based on the proft or income it receives
from the underlying investments.
Exchange-traded products
Exchange-traded products (ETPs) is the family
name for the products comprising exchange-
traded funds (ETFs), managed funds and
structured products.
Exchange-traded products give you exposure to
shares or other assets such as commodities. Most
ETPs generally seek to track the performance of
a specifed index or benchmark (such as the S&P/
ASX 200 index) or a currency such as the US dollar
or a commodity such as gold.
They appeal to investors because they provide
quick and direct exposure to a particular asset
class and they tend to trade at their net asset
value rather than experiencing discounts or
premiums. They are easy to invest in because
they are bought, sold and settled just like shares.
When you feel ready, you can explore more
information about these products on the
ASX website.
There are investment choices
that you can buy and sell just like
shares and that are also well suited
to investors new to the market.
16
3
Getting better
Time for your next step
Experience is one of the best teachers and as an
investor you will learn from both your successes
and your mistakes.
The frst thing to do is contact a stockbroker. You
do not have to start trading, but setting up an
account is a useful starting place.
Next, keeping up to date with the market
is a great way to build your knowledge and
confdence. There are many sources of investor
education, both for the novice and the more
experienced investor. These include magazines,
TV shows, books, online resources and seminars.
One of the best ways to learn about buying and
selling shares is to do it (but without using real
money) by playing the ASX Sharemarket Game.
This is your chance to experience frst-hand, the
excitement of the Australian sharemarket. Create
your own virtual share portfolio. Placing orders
online and using live prices means you experience
actual market conditions. Compete against your
friends and other players. The ASX Sharemarket
Game provides an opportunity to familiarise
yourself with:
market conditions
the language of the market
your own trading personality and how you
react to market fuctuations.
Get the latest from ASX delivered to your inbox.
Investor Update is the most popular monthly
fnance e-newsletter in Australia. It provides
commentary on the Australian sharemarket,
analysis of market trends, and recommendations for
medium and long-term investment opportunities.
On the ASX website and on YouTube we have
short tutorials that you can click and listen
to at your desk, using a tablet or your mobile
phone. The topics covered are some of the most
frequently asked questions:
What is a share?
What is a dividend?
What is the sharemarket?
How to buy and sell shares
You can continue your learning on shares and
the range of other ASX listed products such as:
exchange-traded funds,
bonds,
hybrids,
instalment warrants and
options.
Take our free online courses to fnd out.
No registration, no fee, no jargon.
For more information please contact
[Link]@[Link]
Phone: 131 279
[Link]
Exchange Centre, 20 Bridge Street, Sydney NSW 2000. Telephone: 131 279 [Link]
501(08/14)