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Understanding Thermal Boundary Layer Dynamics

The document presents equations for calculating head loss and temperature distribution in pipes. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which relates head loss over a length of pipe to flow rate and pipe properties. It also derives an equation for the radial temperature distribution in a pipe by applying an energy balance to an annular element and solving the resulting differential equation. The temperature distribution equation relates the temperature at any radial position to the maximum flow velocity, thermal diffusivity, and temperature change along the pipe axis.

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Ajay Bansal
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75 views3 pages

Understanding Thermal Boundary Layer Dynamics

The document presents equations for calculating head loss and temperature distribution in pipes. It derives the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which relates head loss over a length of pipe to flow rate and pipe properties. It also derives an equation for the radial temperature distribution in a pipe by applying an energy balance to an annular element and solving the resulting differential equation. The temperature distribution equation relates the temperature at any radial position to the maximum flow velocity, thermal diffusivity, and temperature change along the pipe axis.

Uploaded by

Ajay Bansal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

for a finite length of pipe x x1 and x x 2

p1 p 2
f V 2

x1 x 2
d 2

p1 p 2

V 2
f
( x1 x 2 )
2d

64
V2

l
dV / 2 d
32 Vl
128 Ql

2
d 4
d
equivalent

pressure

head

p1 p 2

32 Vl
128 Ql

d 2
d 4

Evidently the head loss hl over a length of pipe l varies directly as the first power of
rate of discharge Q and inversely as the power of the pipe diameter.
Equation above is known as Hagen-Poiseuille equation and it is valid for a fully
developed flow, a flow in which the velocity profile does not vary along the pipe axis.

Temperature distribution: For estimating the temperature distribution


through an elementary ring of length dx and thickness dr. Neglecting axial
conduction;

t
Heat conducted in; dQr k 2rdx
r
t
Heat conducted out , dQr dr k 2 (r dr )dx t dr
r r

Net Heat convected ; dQconv (2rdr )uc p

energy balance gives; k 2rdx

t
t
t
k 2 (r dr )dx t dr (2rdr )uc p dx
r
r r
x

1 t 1 t

r
ur r r x
r 2
1
R

upon rearrangem ent ,


as ; u V max

t
dx
x

.......... .......... .........( i )

t 1 t
r
inserting in (i ) we get; r
Vmax 1
r r x
R

integrating twice,
r2
t 1 t
r4
r
Vmax 2 C1
r x
2 4R

r2
1 t
r4
C1 log e r C2
t
Vmax
4
x
4 16 R
the constants C 1 & C 2 when evaluated from boundary
t
0 at r 0
r
t t c at r 0
C 1 0 and C 2 t c
1 t
t
V max
x

r2
r4

4
16 R 4

t c

2
4

Vmax R t r 1 r
t tc

4 x R 4 R
2

conditions

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