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HEUI Injector Operation Explained

The HEUI injector operates by using high pressure engine oil to compress and pressurize diesel fuel via a plunger until it overcomes a spring-loaded valve and is delivered to the combustion chamber. The injector solenoid controls the actuating oil and is electronically controlled by the ECM. When energized, oil is admitted to create a pumping stroke and fuel injection. The amplifier piston multiplies the oil pressure 6-7 times to intensely pressurize the plunger and inject fuel at very high pressures, around 23,500 PSI, through a nozzle tip which atomizes the fuel for easier combustion.

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300 views2 pages

HEUI Injector Operation Explained

The HEUI injector operates by using high pressure engine oil to compress and pressurize diesel fuel via a plunger until it overcomes a spring-loaded valve and is delivered to the combustion chamber. The injector solenoid controls the actuating oil and is electronically controlled by the ECM. When energized, oil is admitted to create a pumping stroke and fuel injection. The amplifier piston multiplies the oil pressure 6-7 times to intensely pressurize the plunger and inject fuel at very high pressures, around 23,500 PSI, through a nozzle tip which atomizes the fuel for easier combustion.

Uploaded by

gagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Principle of operation of the HEUI injector

The high pressure engine oil acts on the trapped diesel fuel via a plunger
forcing the fuel to compress in its confined space.
Since liquid cannot be compressed the pressure of the fuel rise dramatically
until it overcomes a spring loaded valve allowing the fuel to be delivered to
the engine combustion chamber.
Fuel delivery from the HEUI is not defined or limited by ant mechanical
component.

Injector Solenoid

The injector solenoid on the HEUI is used to control the high pressure
actuating oil.
It is the upper portion of the injector.
The solenoid is electronically control by the ECM.
When the ECM requires an injector to deliver fuel to the engine it commands
the injector solenoid by supplying an electrical current to the solenoid.
In Caterpillar manufactured HEUI, when the control solenoid is energized,
actuation oil admitted to the HEUI to create a pumping stroke.
When the control solenoid is de-energized, the high-pressure oil is spilled to
the rocker housing.
In the more recent Siemens HEUI, a transverse spool actuated by a pair of
coils controls the entry of oil to the HEUI internal circuit.
The voltage supply to the solenoid by the ECM typically has an initial voltage
of about 115 volts before returning to 12 volts.
This voltage spike reduces the time it takes for armature to start move.

Amplifier or intensifier piston

This amplifier piston is designed to actuate the injector plunger, which is


located below it.
When the popper valve is switched by the ECM to allow oil in the HEUI the oil
acts on the sectional area of the amplifier piston.
The Amplifier piston will multiply the oil pressure 6 to 7 times.
That means if 1000 PSI is acting on the amplifier piston, then 6000 to 7000
PSI is acting on the plunger by the amplifier piston.
It does this because its sectional area is 6 to 7 times larger than that of the
plunger.

Nozzle tip

This restriction serves two purposes: It increase the fuel pressure exiting
the injector to about 23,500 PSI.
It also atomized the fuel making it easier to burn.

The HEUI injector nozzle is a valve closes orifice nozzle, which means that
the orifii are extended directly from the seat area.

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