Correlation- Notes Correlation will be: Strong or Weak and _ Positive or Negative Strong Correlation- close to forming a straight line. Weak Correlation- points are spread out, no line can be formed. Positive Correlation: Positive slope, going up Negative Correlation- Negative slope, going down Draw the scatter plot: (82, 25) (84, 30) (86, 100) (88, 125) (90, 150} (92, 175) Describe the correlation:Correlation Coefficient: twill be a number between -1 and 1 1 “Estimate* Direction (slope) will determine if ris positive or negative.‘Amount Eamed in Scatter Plots — Worksheet #1 1) The seatter plot below shows a relationship between hours worked and money earned. Which best describes the relationship between the variables? ABC Company 10 20 30 40 Houre Worked 50 60 A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak positive correlation C) Strong negative correlation D) Weak negative correlation 2) This scatter plot shows a relationship between age and height. Which best describes the relationship between the variables? tin inches oSB8SE883 Mr. Gray's Class ‘Age in years A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak positive correlation C) Strong negative correlation D) No correlation 3) This scatter plot shows the relationship between the age of a car and its value, Which best describes the relationship between the variables? Value in Thousands of Dollars eos 88s Honda Cars ‘A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak negative correlation C) Strong negative correlation D) No correlationScatter Plots — Worksheet #1 4) — This scatter plot shows a relationship between the outdoor temperature and number of customers in an the relationship between the variables? Cooly Ice Cream Shop Temperature sesssss 1 230 Number of customers cream store. Which best describes A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak positive correlation C) Weak negative correlation D) No correlation 5) _ This scatter plot shows a relationship between the TVs purchased and prices. Which best describes the relationship between the variables? Best Buy Number of TVs A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak positive correlation C) Strong negative correlation D) Weak negative correlation 6) This scatter plot shows a relationship between the cost of Chevy cars and their gas mileage. Which best describes the relationship between the variables? Chevy Cars © 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Cost of car ‘A) Strong positive correlation B) Weak positive correlation C) Weak negative correlation D) No correlationName Date, Class 9.9 Scatter Plots Worksheet 1. Use the given data to make a scatter plot. Calories and Fat Per Portion of Meat & Fish Fat (grams) | Calories ish sticks (breaded) 3 30 [Shrimp (ied) 9 780 [Tuna (canned in oil) 7 770 [Ground beef (broiled) 10 785 Roast beef (relatively lean) 7 765 am (ight cure, fean and faty 78 245 Calories and Fat Per Portion of Meat and Fish 350 a 4 . 300 F- | Correlation: $ 250 3 200 - — 8 150. ° t00. 50 9 . saeaeeeeed 02 4 6 & 10 12 44 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 90 92 Fat (grams) Do the following data sets have a positive, a negative, or no correlation? 2. The size of the bag of popcorn and the price of the popcorn: 3. The increase in temperature and number of snowboards sold: 4. Use the data to predict how much money Tyler would be paid for babysitting 1" hrs. Amount Tyler Earns Babysitting (Hours: Hi 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Amount $4 $8 | $12 | $16 | $20 | $24 | $28 | $32 According to the data, Tyler would get paid $ for babysitting 3 hours.Neme Date, Class. 5. Use the given data to make a scatter plot, and describe the correlation. Tall Buildings in U.S, Cities Building City Stories | Height (meters) ‘Sears Tower Chicago 140 442 [Empire State Building New York 102 381 Bank of America Plaza [Atlanta 55 312 ibrary Tower Los Angeles 75 310 kor Tower [Cleveland 87 230 (Columbia Seafirst Center Seattle 76 287 lationsBank Plaza alas | EEE Yaastadveeeeeee | Eavastoe jationsBank Corporate Center_[Charlotie 60 265 00 400 3 ze | i Describe the correlation: Ce 6. Make a scatter plot of the data, and draw a line of best fit. Then use the data to predict the percentage of American homeowners in 1955. Percent of Americans Owning Homes Year 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 Percent [55.0% | 61.9% | 62.9% |64.4%| 64.2% Prediction: Correlation rt:positive and negative correlation worksheet 1. The scatter plot shows the population of California from 1997 to 2002. What kind of correlation exists between them? Population(in millions) Years since 1997 + Inverse coralation © Nocorteation 7 Negative correlation © Positive correlation 2. What kind of correlation does the statement describe? “As the number of workers increases, the number of days required to complete a work decreases {assume each person work at same rate.)" Strongly positive correlation © Positive correlation © Negative corelation © Nocorelation 3. Positive correlation means 7 points can be approximated by @ ine witha negative slope 7 points can be approximated by a Tine witha postive slope pnts that cannot be approximated by a fine points can be approximated by s curve Negative correlation means points that can be approximated by a Tine witha postive slope Points that cannot be approximated by a line points that can be approximated by a line with a negative slope [Link] Se Points can be approximated by a curve5. Points that cannot be approximated by a line have negative correlation C_positive coreation either positive or negative corclation (© no correlation 6. The number of women competing in a beauty contest from 1995 to 1999 is shown in the table. Is it reasonable to represent the data by an equation of the best fitting line? [is9s [r996 [1997 1998 [1999| fps” [os [107 [135 p00 | rc No c Yes 7. The number of boys and girls in different grades of a school are given in the table. Pick the appropriate scatter plot for the data. bf [ie [as fans iho | Plot 1 Plot 2 fh oth teh Ath 42th ‘ath seh ton teh 12h Grade ‘Grade Plot 3 Plot 4 Bh 9th Heth tHth 12th fh th 40th tHth 120 ‘Grade Grade © Plott © Plow? Plots PlotsCoord. Algebra Support Unit 4- Descrioing Data 4.12- Notes Name: Date: ‘Scatter Plots and Line of Best Fit ——— _ Line of Best Fit by Hand: 1. The environment club is interested in the relationship between the number of canned beverages sold in the cafeteria and the number of cans that are recycled. The data they collected are listed in this chart. ‘Beverage Can Recyelag 20 Number ofCaamed Beverages Sold | 18 [15] 19 [ET wo] PS] ue 18 ‘Number of Cans Rejeed FLepPTssy Tse 16 a ry) 7 12 4} Plot the points to make a scatter plot. ‘id a ; i 4 6] Use a straightedge fo approximate the line of best fit by hand. 2 | Find an equation of the line of best fit for the data. 2s 6 S10 12 14 16 18 20 Line of Best Fit using the calculator: 1. DATA DATA 4 (this will clear all data already in the tables) 2. DATA {type in data) 3. 20 DATA 4. LinReg ax + b (for linear regression) ExpReg ab‘x (for exponential regression) Ll L2 ONE YES CALC 6. The equation of the line is y = ax + b 7. Correlation Coefficient is r.Coord. Algebra Support Unit 4— Describing Data 4.12-Notes 2. The tabble shows the total outstanding consumer debt (excluding home mortgages) in billions of dollars in selected years. (Data is from the Federal Reserve Bulletin.) Let x= 0 correspond to 1985. Yeor,t 1985 1990 1995; 2000 2003 ‘Consumer Debt 585 789 1096 1693 1987 ) Find the line of best fit. Round to two decimal places. 'b) Find and interpret the slope of the line of best fit. ¢} Find the approximate consumer debt in 1998. ) Find the approximate consumer debt in 2008. 3. The table below shows the number of deaths per 100,000 people from heart disease in selected years. (Data is from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics.) Let x= 0 comespond to 1960, Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002 Deaths 559. 483 412 322 258 240, ) Find the line of best fit. Round to two decimal places. 0} Find and interpret the slope of the line of best fit. ¢} Find the approximate number of deaths due to heart disease in 1995. d) Find the approximate number of deaths due to heart disease in 2008.Coord. Algebra Support Unit 4- Describing Data 4,12 -Classwork Name: Date: Scatter Plots and Line of Best Fit . Mike is riding his bike home from his grandmother's house. In the table below, x represents the number of hours Mike has been biking and y represents the number of miles Mike is away from home. Make a scatter plot for this data on the grid below. Hours(x)[1 [2 [3 [4 5 17 Miles (y) | 35 | 29 | 26 | 20/16] 9 [6 to] @. Describe the correlation between the data points ‘on the scatter plot. b. Find an equation of the line of best fit for the dato. ¢. What does the slope represent in the context of the problem? . What does the y-intercept represent in the context of the problem? e. Could you use your equation to predict how far Mike would be after 10 hours? Use mathematics to justify your answer. 2. Use the table below to answer the questions about the population p (in millions) in Florida. Year.t 2002 2003 2004 2005 Population 164 17.0 17.4 ] 178 (millions) i a. Find the best-fitting line for the data and the correlation coefficient. b. Using this model, what will be the population in 20202Coord. Algebra Support Unit 4— Describing Data 4.12 - Classwork —_————— 3. Use the table below to answer the questions about the U.S. residential carbon dioxide emissions from 1993 to 2002. Emissions are measured in milion metric tons. Year, t 1993 [| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 Emissions | 1027.6 | 1020.9 | 1026.5 | 1086.1 | 1077.5 | 1083.3 | 1107.1 | 1170.4 | 1143.3 | 1193.9 @, Find the best-fitting line for the data and the conelation coefficient. b. Using this model, how many residential tons were emitted in 1990? cc. In 20108 4, Use the taible below to answer the questions about the operating costs in thousands of a small business from 2000 to 2007, Year, t 2000 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 2005 2006 2007 Operating} 2.3 2.6 31 33 40 5.2 59 70 Costs i J a. Find the best-fitting line for the data and the correlation coefficient. b. Using this model, what will be the operating costs in 2015?Coord. Algebra Support Unit 4 - Describing Data 4.11 - Practice Name: Date: Correlation and Causation Homework ‘oa Average Teper, anda Pras 1. From the information given, eH 4 a, Determine if the correlation is positive, {1 te negative or none. =e b. Estimate the correlation coefficient. fieselaae eae ¢. Is there causation? Why or why not? Seer olviees beeen) 2. Ahistory teacher asked her students how many hours of sleep they had the night before fis Crndes hy eletan te lee eet a test, The data shows the number of hours tok sees cece iaans ieee eres aa + the student slept and theirscore on the exam. % The graph is « scatter plot from the given a2 data. go 2a a. Determine if the correlation is positive, . negative, or none. ° b. Estimate the correlation coefficient. ee eee ee c. Is there causation? Would this information affect your behavior the night before atest? 3. The following scatter plot shows violent crime rates compared to high school graduation for all fifty states. @. Determine if the correlation is positive, negative, or none. b. Estimate the correlation coefficient. ¢. Is this an illustration of cause and effect, or are these two variables simply correlated? Adapted from: Mathematics Vision ProjectCoord, Algebra Support Unit 4- Describing Data 4.11 - Practice For the given situations below, a. Is the association positive, negative or none? b. Is the causation statement is true or false? 4, When you are on a diet, the less calories you eat daily vs. the more weight you lose. Causation statement: Therefore, eating less calories makes you lose weight. 5. The more ice cream consumed on a beach vs. the increased number of people who go in the water. Causation statement: Therefore, eating more ice cream on the beach makes people go in the water. 6. The more people in a family vs. the increased number of cars the family owns. Causation Statement: Therefore, the more people there are in a family determines how many cars a family owns. 7. The average speed cars travel from Philadelphia fo New York on the turnpike vs. the average amount of times it takes. Causation Statement: Therefore, the speed cars travel from Philadelphia to New York determines the time it takes to go between them. 8. How much you pay for a house vs. how much you pay for a car. Causation statement: Therefore the more you pay for a house makes you spend more for a car. Nay TUsD DINK | [THEN T Took A] [Somos uxe HE aoa CoRRELAnON wiPLED) | STATISTICS Cuags, | | CLASS HELPED. ‘re — Jowsarens Now T Don't: | sea re. : ae ra lin giegy) stew Adapted from: Mathematics Vision ProjecName Hour. Date. Scatter Plots and Lines of Best Fit Worksheet 1, MUSIC The scatter plot shows the number of CDs (in millions) that were sold from 1999 to 2005. If the trend continued, about how wo many CDs were sold in 20067 2 2. FAMILY The table below shows the predicted annual cost for ” middle income family to raise a child from birth until 3" adulthood. Draw a scatter plot and describe what relationship exists within the data imine] F. gn afeleolelw| F jt el dn vo7eo veo rar] Age yen 3. Make a scatter plot of the data in the table. Draw a line of best fit. 3 What is the equation of the line of best fit? | Xp -2]2{;-4/of11]i1fijtaleals : ¥ 2 3 2 1 0 EY -1 1 2 2 ig 2 t Taha 2 3 al 4 EDUCATION The table at the right gives (Sid tows] 3 [2 | 8 [1 | 0] 4] 3 the number of hours spent studying for a Grade | 84177192170 | 60 1 90 1 75 science exam and the final exam grade, ~ : . Drawa scatter plot of the data and draw in the line of best fit. b, What is the equation for the line of best fit? c. Predict the grade for a student who studied for 6 hours. 4. Could this line go on forever? Why or why not?5. BASEBALL The scatter plot shows the average price of a major-league baseball ticket from 1997 to 2006, 4. Use the points (2001, 17.60) and (2002, 18.75) to write the slope-intercept form of equation for the line of fit Baseball Tichet Prices shown in the scatter plot. b. Use your equation to tell the price of a ticket in 2009, Is eee this extrapolation or interpolation? ‘SOUe: Team Narating Report Chiago 6. DISEASE The table shows the number of cases of Foodborne [UE ations wokann Gone] Botulism in the United States for the years 2001 to 2005 (i fie es ams . Drawa scatter plot and determine, what relationship, if any, exists in the data, U.S. Foodborne Botulism Cases b. Drawaline of fit for the scatter plot, and write the slope- 49 intercept form of an equation for the line of fit. $30 Su 0 © 2001 2002 2008 2004 2005 Year 7. ZOOS The table shows the average and maximum longevity of various animals in captivity. Se eee Bete a. Drawa scatter plot and determine, what relationship, if any, feta [wte lalallala exists in the data, ® ‘Animal Longevity (Years) * - . Draw a line of fit for the scatter plot, and write the slope- aL intercept form of an equation for the line of fit. A s Es 3s a ri ¢. Predict the maximum longevity for an animal with an average " longevity of 33 years. Is this an example of Extrapolation or ae oe Interpolation?A-9 Scatter Plots, Lines of Best Fit, and Correlations Name: Pre-Algebra Period: 1) The following table shows the height of basketball players and the number of rebounds each player averaged over the course of a season. [ Height of Player (in) 66 | 72 | 73 | 74 [69 [ 67 | 70 | 68 | 71 | ‘Average Rebounds per game 2 [7 [8 [ii[s [e [5 [4 [6 > Make a scatter plot of the data > Draw a line of best fit > Is the relationship positive, negative, or no relationship > Shaquille O'Neal is 85 inches tall, how many rebounds would he average per game? v Mugsy Bogues was 64 inches tall, how many rebounds would he average per game? v Manute Bol averaged 15 rebounds a game, how tall is he? ‘What type of relationship, positive, negative, or no relationship is shown by each scatter plot? 2, 3. 4 .Determine whether a scatter plot of the data for the following might show a positive, negative, or no relationship. Explain your answer. 5) size of houschold and amount of water bill 6) number of songs on a CD and cost of aCD 7) outside temperature and amount of heating bill 8) speed and distance traveled 9) size of a car's engine and miles per gallon of fuel used 10) shoe size and grade point average 11) The table below shows the number of video cassette movies sold (in millions) over the course of the last 10 years, Year 1995 [1996 [1997 [1998 [1999 [2000 [2001 [3002 [2003] 2004 Number [500 [480 [475/455 [400 [320 [270 |200 | 180 140 of Video cassettes sold per year (millions) Make a scatter plot of the data Draw a line of best fit Describe relationship between time and number of video cassettes sold During which year will video cassetie sales reach only 100 million? During which year will video cassette sales reach 0 sold? vvvvyMFMIP. Name: Correlation Worksheet 1. Draw an example of each of the following correlations: a) positive & strong _b) negative & perfect c) positive & medium 2. Plot the following points, and draw a line of best fit. What is the correlation? ‘Age (years) — Height (cm) — Domain Range 1 60 3 90 9 150 10 175 tt 225 13 245 wor) r 4 280-F EEE EE EEE tH wore : ail Correlation: BeEEHeH Le +H eong HHI REE sot + FH HEH | ye Cee cee ” wl] i iS HEL || fb aan Use your ee 4 5 HH Caleutator to JERE ERE EEE Heed Write an eT HEEEHEE equoction for the lire of lo W121 : best Ft. ye 1234561864 AgeMEMIP Name: 3. Plot the following points, and draw a line of best fit. What is the correlation? Age (years) — Height (cm) — Domain Range 54 165 37 172 61 140 44 200 75 168 22 185 4 197 18 178 49 193 VU 155 200: 195 HEEL LH 190 iS | bal 105 reer | | ns ~t cl + 170 Tr CI B16 a Tey Ss we TH > = ico 4s HACE HEHE ba tt LC | ol a 15 20 25 20 26:40 45 50 £6 60 WS 10 15 Age Correlation: Estimate 7: