SQL knowledge for WebSAMS

2010

Schedule

DAT module

Basic SQL knowledge ( 30 mins )

Learning Query by Examples (40 mins)
Break (15 mins)
Joining tables (40 mins)
Exercise ( 40 mins )
Optional Part

More SQL examples

Tools for Sybase database
Interactive SQL
Sybase Central
2

Training material download

All PowerPoint, exercises and suggested answers
can be downloaded at :
http://cdr.websams.edb.gov.hk/

Training material download (contd)

http://www.hkedcity.net/teachernet/sharing/forum/index.phtml?forum_id=52 5

DAT Module

Data Mgmt > Query Maintenance

DAT Module (cont'd)

Data Mgmt > Report

Basic SQL knowledge for WebSAMS

Target audience:
School WebSAMS users who are not familiar with SQL.

What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language.

SQL allows you to access a RDBMS (Relational
Database Management System)
It presents data as a collection of rows and
columns
SQL has three major parts :

DDL Data Definition Language

DML Data Manipulation Language
DCL Data Control Language
9

SQL Scope

DDL:
i) Create, change and delete
database object (e.g. tables,
indexes, views)
ii) Command Keywords:
CREATE, DROP,ALTER

Only select is
allowed in
WebSAMS!

iii) SQL example:

DML:
i) Syntax for executing
queries

ii) e.g. SELECT , INSERT ,

UPDATE, DELETE

CREATE TABLE class (class_no

INTEGER, stud_name
CHAR(40))

DCL:
Control access right

iii) SQL Example:

select * from
TB_STU_STUDENT

e.g. GRANT

10

Terms of Relational Database

Tables
Fields
Records
Keys
Views
Indexes

11

Tables

A database contains many tables

table is a set of data elements (values) that is
organized using a model of horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
The logical order of records and fields within a
table is of absolutely no important.
Example:
TB_STU_STUDENT

VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT

12

Fields

A field is the smallest structure in the database.

Fields are the structures that are actually used to
store data.
Field name not case sensitive

13

Records

A record represents a unique instance of the

subject of a table.
It is composed of the entire set of fields in a
table, regardless of whether or not the fields
contain any values.
Fields (columns)

Table:

Records
(rows)

*School *Schyear *Class *Class no Student

ID
name

Sex

1293

2006

1A

John

1293

2006

1B

Mary

1293

2006

1C

Ken

.
14

Keys

A key field is a field of a database table which together

form a unique identifier for a database record.
The aggregate of these fields is usually referred to
simply as "the key".
Example:

door key > locate a house

schyear,class,classno > locate a student

Primary key: A Primary Key is a field (or a group of fields ) that can
be used to identify a unique row in a table.
Foreign key: A Foreign Key in one table refers to the primary key
of another table.
For example, I write an email to introduce a book to you, with ISBN of the
book (not the entire text of the book). The ISBN is the primary-key of the
book, and it is used as a foreign-key in the e-mail.

15

Indexes

An index is a feature in a database that allows quick

access to the rows in a table.
The index is created using one or more columns of the
table.
The index is optimized for quick searching
Example:
If a magazine (without table of content) is a table,
the table of content is a kind of index
The 'magazine' contains fields of page no, subject titles, contents
The 'table of contents' contains fields of page no and subject titles

16

Table and Index

Fields

Table:

(columns)

*School *Schyear *Class *Class

ID
no

Student
name

Sex

Records 1293

2006

1A

John

(rows)

1293

2006

1B

Mary

1293

2006

1C

Ken

SQL :
create index .

*School
ID

*Schyear

*Class

*Class
no

1293

2006

1A

1293

2006

1B

1293
* = Keys

2006

1C

Index:

17

Example: (table in WebSAMS)

Table: TB_STU_STUDENT
Keys: SUID, STUID

18

Example: (table in WebSAMS)

Table: TB_SCH_SCHCLASS

Keys: SUID, SCHYEAR, SCHLEVEL, SCHSESSION, CLASSCODE

19

Related Information

Table Structure

Field description
Data type
Key
Index

You can get a report of table structure for

difference modules from DAT module.
20

Table Structure

Information in the report

Table

Field of Record

Name & Description (Comment)

Name, Description (Comment), Data Type, Mandatory,
Primary Key & Foreign Key

Index

Name & Column list

21

Data Types

Character Data Types

Numeric Data Types

INTEGER, UNSIGNED INT(n), SMALLINT,

DECIMAL(n,p), NUMERIC(n,p)
FLOAT, DOUBLE

Date & Time Data Types

CHAR(n), VARCHAR(n), LONG VARCHAR

DATE, TIMESTAMP

Other Data Types

BIT(n), LONG BINARY

22

Mandatory

If a field is not mandatory, then the field value

can be NULL a missing or unknown value.
NULL does not represent a zero, a character
string of one or more blank spaces, or a
"zero-length" character string.

23

Unknown Values: NULL

A NULL in a column means that the user or

application has made no entry in that column. A
data value for the column is undefined .

NULL does not mean the same as zero (numerical

values) or blank (character values). Rather, NULL
values allow you to distinguish between a deliberate
entry of zero for numeric columns or blank for
character columns and a non-entry, which is NULL
for both numeric and character columns.
24

Learning Query By Example

The SELECT statement

25

SELECT statement
SELECT column_list
FROM table_list
[WHERE search_condition]
[GROUP BY column_list]
constrains
[HAVING search_condition]
[ORDER BY {column_list | column_index}]

Keys:

[ ] - optional
{ } - list of parameters
| - or

Notice:
The result set usually becomes smaller in size
when no. of constrains increase

26

Simplest Query
SELECT column_list FROM table_list

27

Sample Queries
SELECT * FROM TB_STU_Student

* stands for all fields in the table

select enname, chname

from TB_STU_STUDENT
select distinct classcode
from TB_STU_STUDENT
select enname + ' (' + chname + ')'
from TB_STU_STUDENT
28

Sample Queries
select
enname as 'English Name',
chname 'Chinese Name',
enname + ' (' + chname + ')' Student
from TB_STU_STUDENT
Syntax:
Column-name AS alias
Column-name alias
29

Table alias

select
a.enname AS 'English Name',
a.chname 'Chinese Name',
a.enname + ' (' + a.chname + ')' Student
from TB_STU_STUDENT a

30

ORDER BY clause
select distinct classcode
from TB_STU_STUDENT
order by classcode

select classcode, classno, enname, chname

from TB_STU_STUDENT
order by classcode desc, classno asc
select classcode, classno, enname, chname
from TB_STU_STUDENT
order by 1 desc, 2 asc
31

Exercise 1 (order by)

Use table TB_STU_STUDENT ,
find student class, classno, name
Sort the result set by class and class no.
Hints: How to check the field name? Go to Data Mgmt > Report

Suggested answers:
select classcode, classno, enname, chname
from TB_STU_STUDENT
order by classcode, classno

32

WHERE clause with one expression

[WHERE search_condition]
fields
select
Table (or table list)

from

where

An expression
which return true or
false

order by
fields

33

Sample Queries
select classcode, classno, enname, chname
from TB_STU_STUDENT
where classlvl ='S1'
order by classcode, classno

34

Search Condition for WHERE

Comparison (=, <, >, <=, >=, <>)

Range

Membership

[NOT] IN (value list)

Pattern Match

[NOT] BETWEEN start_value AND end_value

[NOT] LIKE pattern_string

Wildcard characters : % _

NULL

IS [NOT] NULL
35

Sample Queries
SELECT ClassCode, EnName, ChName
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassCode BETWEEN '4' AND '5Z'
ORDER BY ClassCode, EnName
SELECT ClassCode, EnName, ChName
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassLvl IN (S4', S5')
ORDER BY ClassCode, EnName

36

Sample Queries
SELECT ClassCode, EnName, ChName
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE EnName LIKE 'CHAN %'
ORDER BY EnName
SELECT ClassCode, EnName, ChName
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE HKID IS NULL
ORDER BY ClassCode, EnName

37

Simple logic for where condition

select .

select .

from .

from .

where condition1 or condition2

where condition1 and condition2

T or T = True

T and T = True

F or F = False

F and F = False

T or F = True

T and F = False

F or T = True

F and T = False

38

WHERE clause with two or more

expression
Reminder: each expression will only returns true or false.

where

where

or

or

or

where

39

WHERE clause with two or more

expression (contd)
where

where

and

or

or

where

40

WHERE clause with two or more

expression (contd)
where

where

and (

or

and

where

41

Sample Queries
SELECT ClassCode, EnName, ChName
FROM TB_STU_Student
True or False?
WHERE
ClassLvl IN (S4', S5')
AND
True or False?
EnName LIKE 'CHAN %'
ORDER BY ClassCode, EnName

42

Sample Queries
SELECT ClassCode, ClassNo, EnName, ChName,
STRN, HKID
FROM TB_STU_Student
True or False?
WHERE
( HKID IS NULL OR STRN IS NULL )
True or False?
AND
ClassCode BETWEEN '1' AND '2Z'
True or False?
ORDER BY ClassCode, ClassNo

43

Useful Functions (Date)

YEAR(date_field)
MONTH(date_field)
DAY(date_field)
NOW()
getDate()
DateFormat(date_field, date_format)

E.g. select dateformat( date_field, 'DD/MM/YYYY') from .

44

Sample Queries
SELECT
DOB,
YEAR(DOB),
MONTH(DOB),
DAY(DOB),
NOW(),
DATEFORMAT(DOB, 'DD/MM-YYYY')
FROM TB_STU_Student
Notice:
A field can be selected more than once,
depends on the data set you need
45

Useful Functions (String)

UPPER(text_field)
LOWER(text_field)
TRIM(text_field)
LEFT(text_field, length)
RIGHT(text_field, length)
SUBSTRING(text_field, start position, length)
LENGTH(text_field)

46

Sample Queries
SELECT
EnName,
LOWER(EnName),
TRIM(EnName),
SUBSTRING(EnName, 3, 5),
LENGTH(EnName)
FROM TB_STU_Student

47

Exercise 2 ( substring )
Find out the classcode, class no. , student name, first 6 digits of strn
of each student, order by class and class no., and format the student
name as , e.g. Chan Tai Man ()
Hints: How to check the field name? Go to Data Mgmt > Report
Use function: substring(text_field, start position, length)
Syntax: text_field + ( + text_field2 + )
Suggested Answer:
select classcode, classno, enname +' ('+chname+')' ,
substring( strn, 2, 6 ) 'first 6 digits'
from TB_STU_STUDENT
order by classcode, classno

48

Exercise 3 ( where )
Also display the date of birth field, with format DD/MM/YYYY
Filter the students with birth year 1999,
and the class code of the student should not be empty.
Hints:
Use function: dateformat( date_field, 'DD/MM/YYYY')
Year(field_name)

Suggested answers:
select classcode, classno, enname +' ('+chname+')' , substring(
strn, 2, 6 ) 'first 6 digits' , dateformat( dob, 'DD/MM/YYYY')
from TB_STU_STUDENT
where YEAR(dob) = ? and classcode <> ''
order by classcode, classno

49

Aggregate Functions

COUNT([DISTINCT] field)
SUM([DISTINCT] field)
AVG([DISTINCT] field)
MAX(field)
MIN(field)

50

GROUP BY clause

[GROUP BY column_list]
When you use aggregate functions in the
SELECT clause to produce summary
information, you use the GROUP BY clause
to divide the information into distinct groups.
The GROUP BY clause is optional.

51

What is Count function?

select ClassCode ,EnName
from TB_STU_Student

ClassCode

EnName

1A

Mary

1A

John

1A

Ken

1B

David

1B

Peter

1C

Calvin

select ClassCode , COUNT(EnName) ClassCode

1A
from TB_STU_Student
1B
group by ClassCode
1C

Count(EnNam)
3
2
1

52

Sample Queries 1
This SQL find out the number of student in each class:
select
ClassCode 'Class',
COUNT(EnName) 'No. of Student'
from TB_STU_Student
group by ClassCode
order by ClassCode
Think: a SQL has count(..) but no 'group by'
e.g. select count(*) from TB_STU_STUDENT

53

Sample Queries 2
This SQL find out the number of student in Form 1,
group by class and gender:
SELECT
ClassCode 'Class', Sex, COUNT(*) 'No. of Student'
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassCode in ('1A','1B','1C','1D','1E')
GROUP BY ClassCode, Sex
ORDER BY ClassCode, Sex
54

Sample Query 3
The table TB_STU_STUSCHREC stores all the schooling record of each
student in each year.
select stuid,
MIN( firstattdate ) 'First Attend Date'
from TB_STU_STUSCHREC
group by stuid

stuid

firstattdate

Class

0001

1-9-2006

1A

0002

1-9-2005

1A

0002

31-9-2006

1B

0003

1-9-2004

2E

0003

12-9-2005

2E

0003

1-9-2006

2B

0004

1-9-2004

2B

0004

1-9-2005

2B

0005

1-9-2006

5A

0006

1-9-2006

5B

55

Exercise 4 (function )
1)

Use table TB_STU_STUDENT, find how many student in the

class 1A, 2B 3C and 4D respectively.
Hint: use the function count(field_name)
use fields classcode and enname
Suggested answers:
select classcode, count( enname )
from TB_STU_STUDENT
where classcode in ( '1A', '2B' , '3C' , '4D' )
group by classcode
order by classcode

2) Use table TB_STU_STUSCHREC, find the first attend date of each

student.
Hint: use function min(field_name), and fields stuid, firstattdate

Suggested answers:
select stuid, min(firstattdate) 'First Attend Date'
from TB_STU_STUSCHREC
group by stuid

56

HAVING clause

[HAVING search_condition]
The HAVING clause is specifically associated with
the GROUP BY clause, and you use it to filter the
grouped information.
*It is similar to the WHERE clause in that the
HAVING keyword is followed by an expression that
evaluates to TRUE, FALSE or UNKNOWN.
HAVING is also an optional clause.

57

Sample Queries 1
SELECT
ClassCode 'Class',
COUNT(EnName) 'No. of Student'
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassCode <> ''
GROUP BY ClassCode
HAVING COUNT(EnName) > 40
ORDER BY ClassCode
Note:
1) HAVING is needed only when GROUP BY exists.
2) This is a wrong syntax:
where COUNT(EnName) > 40
58

Exercise 5 ( having )
1) Continue Ex.4.1, find out the class with more than 40 students
within the class 1A, 2B and 3C and 4D :
Suggested answers:
select classcode, count( enname ) from TB_STU_STUDENT
where classcode in ( '1A', '2B' , '3C' , '4D' )
group by classcode
having count( enname ) > 40
order by classcode
2) Continue Ex.4.2, find out the student who join the school after
2006-09-02:
Hint: First find the minimum First Attend Date for each stuid, then use having
for filtering
Use function: datetime( YYYY-MM-DD )

Suggested answers:
select stuid, min(firstattdate) 'First Attend Date'
from TB_STU_STUSCHREC
group by stuid
having min(firstattdate) > datetime('2006-09-02')

59

Useful Syntax
CASE
WHEN condition1
THEN result1
WHEN condition2
THEN result3
....
ELSE
result
END
60

Sample Queries
SELECT
ClassCode, ClassNo, AreaCode,
CASE
WHEN AreaCode = 1 THEN Hong Kong'
WHEN AreaCode = 2 THEN Kowloon'
WHEN AreaCode = 3 THEN N.T.'
ELSE 'N/A'
END 'AREA'
FROM TB_STU_Student
ORDER BY ClassCode DESC, ClassNo
61

Exercise 6.1 ( case when )

From subject assessment table (TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA),
Find student id (stuid), subjcode (subjcode), and score (sysscore).

SYNTAX:

For code 071, display chemistry,

CASE
WHEN . THEN .
WHEN . THEN .
ELSE .
END

for code 085, display chinese, others display Others

School year and time sequence should be 2006 and 1100 respectively.
Modify this SQL:

Suggested answers:

select
stuid,
subjcode,
subjcode Subject Name,
sysscore
from TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA
where schyear=2006
and timeseq=1100

select stuid, subjcode,

case
when subjcode='071' then 'chemistry'
when subjcode='085' then 'chinese'
else 'Others'
end 'Subj name'
,sysscore
from TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA
where schyear=2006 and timeseq=1100
62

Exercise 6.2 ( case when ) DEMO

From parent table (TB_STU_PARENT),
find the name of parents, and the relation value.
For the relation value, display mother for 01 , father for 02, other
for other values.
Suggested Answer:
select enname, chname,
case
when relation='01' then 'mother'
when relation='02' then 'father'
else 'other'
end 'relation'
from TB_STU_PARENT

63

Revision:
SELECT column_list
FROM table_list
[WHERE search_condition]
[GROUP BY column_list]
constrains
[HAVING search_condition]
[ORDER BY {column_list | column_index}]

Keys:

[ ] - optional
{ } - list of parameters
| - or
64

Writing Practical Query for

WebSAMS

65

Advanced query syntax

Join table

Sub-query

Left outer join, inner join

Field and search condition

Combining query

66

Join Table

Inner join
Left Outer join

67

Join Table

TB_NAME

*stuid

name

001

Ken

002

May

003

John

*stuid

classcode classno

001

4A

18

002

2E

004

1C

26

TB_CLASS

68

Inner Join

An Inner Join returns only those rows where

the linking values(keys) match in both of the
tables or in Result Sets

Example:

Table alias: refer the field to table a and b

select a.stuid , a.name, b.classcode, b.classno

from TB_NAME a
join TB_CLASS b
on a.stuid = b.stuid

69

Example of Inner Join

Alternative version:
select a.stuid, a.firstname, b.classcode, b.classno
from TB_NAME a, TB_CLASS b
where a.stuid=b.stuid
Result:

a.stuid

a.name

b.classcode b.classno

001

Ken

4A

18

002

May

2E

70

Exercise 7.1 ( inner join)

70
Table: VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT and TB_ASR_STUDASSESSDATA by
using inner join.

suid

stuid

suid

schyear

stuid

schyear

syspercscore

a.suid=b.suid
a.stuid=b.stuid
a.schyear=b.schyear

?
Inner join
Result set
classlevel

classcode

classno

Student
name

syspercscore

71

Exercise 7.1 contd ( inner join)

2007Term 170
Table:
VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT and
TB_ASR_STUDASSESSDATA by using inner join.
Suggested answer:
Select
a.classlvl, a.classcode, a.classno, a.chname,b.syspercscore 'average'
from VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT a
join TB_ASR_STUDASSESSDATA b
on a.suid = b.suid and a.STUID = b.STUID
and a.schyear = b.schyear
where b.schyear = ? and b.TIMESEQ = ? and b.syspercscore >= 70
order by a.classlvl,a.classcode, a.classno
TIMESEQ -- 1000 (), 1100 (T1), 1201 (T2A1), 1302 (T3A2)
SYSPERCSCORE --

72

Code Table Mapping

Common code table

Most frequently used: TB_HSE_COMMON

Independent code table

Class Level (TB_HSE_ClsLvl)

Qualification (TB_HSE_QualCD)
Subject Component (TB_HSE_SbjCmp)
Training Course (TB_HSE_TrnCD)

73

Code Table Mapping TB_ID

74

Use code table, find subject name

Step 1) Subject Assessment Table:
1st term score in 2006:
select schyear, suid, stuid, subjcode,
sysscore
from TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA
where schyear=2006 and timeseq=1100
TB_ID = SBJ

Step 2) Code table:

select suid, tb_id, code_id, en_des
from TB_HSE_COMMON
where tb_id = 'SBJ'

75

a.suid

TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA (a) b.tb_id

a.subjcode

b.suid

TB_HSE_COMMON (b)

SBJ
b.code_id

suid

tb_id

Code_id

Description

9999

RELATE

01

Mother

9999

RELATE

02

Father

suid

subjcode

score

9999

076

33

9999

SBJ

076

History

9999

085

45

9999

SBJ

085

Chinese

9999

9999

ECACD

1010

Drama Club

INNER JOIN
(values match both table)
Result set
a.suid

a.Stuid

a.subjcode

b.description

a.score

9999

250

076

History

33

9999

394

085

Chinese

45
76

Contd
Step 3) Combine the SQLs by inner join:
select a.schyear, a.suid, a.stuid, a.subjcode, b.en_des, a.sysscore
from TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA a
join TB_HSE_COMMON b
on a.suid=b.suid and b.tb_id='SBJ' and a.subjcode = b.code_id
where a.schyear=2006 and a.timeseq=1100

77

Exercise 7.2 (common code table)

Exercise: Find the parent name and translate the relation code
of each parent by the common code table:

Step 1) Parent table:

SELECT suid, relation, enname 'Parent
Name', Relation 'Code'
FROM TB_STU_Parent
ORDER BY EnName

Step 2) Code table:

select suid, tb_id, code_id, en_des
from TB_HSE_COMMON
where tb_id = 'RELATE'
78

Exercise 7.2 (contd)

Suggested Answer:
SELECT a.EnName 'Parent Name',
a.Relation 'Code', b.En_Des 'Relation'
FROM TB_STU_Parent a
JOIN TB_HSE_Common b
on b.SUID = a.SUID
and b.Tb_ID = 'RELATE'
and b.Code_ID = a.Relation
order by a.EnName

79

Left Outer Join

A left outer join is very different from an inner join. Instead of limiting
results to those in both tables, it limits results to those in the "left" table (A).
This means that if the ON clause matches 0 records in B, a row in the result
will still be returnedbut with NULL values for each column from B.

It returns all the values from left table + only matched values from
right table.

80

Left Outer Join (Example)

select a.stuid , a.name, b.classcode, b.classno
from TB_NAME a
left outer join TB_CLASS b
on a.stuid = b.stuid

TB_CLASS
001

4A

18

002

2E

004

1C

26

TB_NAME

TB_CLASS

001

Ken

001

4A

18

002

May

002

2E

003

John

004

1C

26

TB_CLASS

Result :

001

4A

18

002

2E

004

1C

26

a.stuid

a.name

b.classcode

b.classno

001

Ken

4A

18

002

May

2E

003

John

(NULL)

(NULL)

Left outer join: left table as master table , and join the right table

81

Sample Queries
Getting the parent name of each student:
This returns the name of each student, whenever he/she has a parent
record or not
select
a.EnName 'Student Name',
b.EnName 'Parent Name'
from TB_STU_Student a
left outer join TB_STU_Parent b
on
a.StuID = b.StuID and
a.SUID = b.SUID
ORDER BY a.EnName
82

Example (Left outer join)

Get Student and Parent Name,
order by class and class no.
from tables TB_STU_Student and TB_STU_Parent
TB_STU_Student

TB_STU_Parent

LEFT OUTER JOIN

83

Example
Get Student and Parent Name,
Order by class and class no.:

SUID

SELECT
a.ClassCode 'Class Code',
a.ClassNo 'Class No',
a.EnName 'Student Name,
b.EnName Parent Name
FROM TB_STU_Student a
LEFT OUTER JOIN
TB_STU_Parent b
ON
b.StuID = a.StuID and
b.SUID = a.SUID
WHERE
a.ClassCode <> ''
ORDER BY a.ClassCode, a.ClassNo

STUID

SUID

STUID

Parent

LEFT OUTER JOIN

Class
code

Class
No

Stud
Name

Parent Name

1A

Peter

Mr. Wong

1A

John

(NULL)

1B

Mary

Mr. Chang

1B

Tim

Mr. Lee

1B

Joe

(NULL)

1C

Jack

Mr. Yan

1C

Henry

Mr. Lau

1C

Eric

Mr. Kwan

84

Exercise 8.1 (left outer join)

2006, Term1
Table:

VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT and
TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA
Use left outer join join.
VW_STU_LatestStudent

Left outer
join

TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA

85

Exercise 8.1 (contd)

Suggested answer:
select
a.schyear , a.classlvl , a.classcode ,
b.sysscore , b.OMclasslvl

a.classno ,

a.chname ,

from VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT a
left outer join TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA b
on a.suid = b.suid and a.stuid = b.stuid and a.schyear = b.schyear and
b.subjcode='080' and b.timeseq = 1100
where a.schyear = 2007 and a.classlvl = 'S1'
order by a.classcode, a.classno

86

Exercise 8.2
2007Term1
Hints: subject code = 165

Suggested answer:
select
a.schyear , a.classlvl , a.classcode , a.classno ,
b.sysscore 'chi subj score', b.OMclasslvl 'chi OM',
c.sysscore 'eng subj score', c.OMclasslvl 'eng OM'

a.chname ,

from VW_STU_LATESTSTUDENT a
left outer join TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA b
on a.suid = b.suid and a.stuid = b.stuid and a.schyear = b.schyear and
b.subjcode='080' and b.timeseq = 1100
left outer join TB_ASR_SUBJASSESSDATA c
on a.suid = c.suid and a.stuid = c.stuid and a.schyear = c.schyear and
c.subjcode='165' and c.timeseq = 1100
where a.schyear = 2007 and a.classlvl = 'S1'
order by a.classcode, a.classno
87

Advanced Topics

88

Sub-Query

A subquery is an SQL SELECT statement

that's nested inside of another SQL
statement
A subquery can appear in the field list (as in
the preceding example) or in a WHERE or
HAVING clause

89

SUID

STUID

SUID

STUID

Required Query

Parent

LEFT OUTER JOIN

Student without parent record:

Class
code

Class
No

Stud
Name

Parent Name

SELECT
a.ClassCode 'Class Code',
a.ClassNo 'Class No',
a.EnName 'Student Name'
FROM TB_STU_Student a
LEFT OUTER JOIN TB_STU_Parent b
ON
b.StuID = a.StuID and
b.SUID = a.SUID
WHERE
a.ClassCode <> '' AND
b.EnName IS NULL
ORDER BY a.ClassCode, a.ClassNo

1A

Peter

Mr. Wong

1A

John

(NULL)

1B

Mary

Mr. Chang

1B

Tim

Mr. Lee

1B

Joe

(NULL)

1C

Jack

Mr. Yan

1C

Henry

Mr. Lau

1C

Eric

Mr. Kwan

WHERE
Class
code

Class
No

Stud
Name

Parent Name

1A

John

(NULL)

1B

Joe

(NULL)

90

Transformed to
Sub-Query

STUID

Class
code

Class
No

Stud
Name

001

1A

Peter

002

1A

John

003

1B

Mary

004

1B

Tim

005

1B

Joe

Student without parent record:

SELECT
006
1C
1
Jack
a.STUID ,
a.ClassCode 'Class Code',
STUID Parent Name
a.ClassNo 'Class No',
a.EnName 'Student Name'
001
Mr. Wong
WHERE
FROM TB_STU_Student a
003
Mr. Chang
where
004
Mr. Lee
006
Mr. Yan
a.classcode <> '' and
a.stuid not in
(select stuid from tb_stu_parent) STUID Class
Class
Stud
STUID
NOT
IN
ORDER BY a.ClassCode,
code
No
Name
a.ClassNo
002
1A
2
John

005

1B

Joe
91

Evaluation Order
Evaluation Order

Type of Operator

Positive Sign (+), Negative Sign (-)

Multiplication (*), Division (/)

Addition (+), Subtraction (-)

=, <, >, <=, >=, <>,

BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, IS NULL

NOT

AND

OR
92

Advanced Example Calculate Age

SELECT ClassCode, EnName, dob,
case
when (MONTH(dob) > MONTH(NOW()))
then YEAR(NOW())-YEAR(dob)-1
when ((MONTH(dob) = MONTH(NOW()))
and (DAY(dob) > DAY(NOW())))
then YEAR(NOW())-YEAR(dob)-1
else YEAR(NOW())-YEAR(dob)
end 'AGE'
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassCode <> ''
ORDER BY ClassCode, EnName

93

Harder Example Age Statistics

SELECT ClassLvl,
YEAR(NOW())-YEAR(DOB)-(CASE
WHEN (MONTH(DOB)*40+DAY(DOB) >
MONTH(NOW()) *40+DAY(NOW()))
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END) 'AGE',
COUNT(EnName) 'No. of Student'
FROM TB_STU_Student
WHERE ClassCode <> ''
GROUP BY ClassLvl, AGE
ORDER BY ClassLvl, AGE

94

Harder Example Full Address

SELECT ClassCode, ClassNo, EnName,
(CASE WHEN TRIM( EnFlatNo )<>''
THEN 'Flat '+TRIM( EnFlatNo )+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnFloorNo)<>''
THEN 'Floor '+TRIM(EnFloorNo)+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnBlkNo)<>''
THEN 'Block '+TRIM(EnBlkNo)+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnBuilding)<>''
THEN TRIM(EnBuilding)+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnVillageEstate)<>''
THEN TRIM(EnVillageEstate)+', ' ELSE '' END)
95

+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnStreet)<>''

THEN TRIM(EnStreet)+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN TRIM(EnDistrict)<>''
THEN TRIM(EnDistrict)+', ' ELSE '' END)
+ (CASE WHEN AreaCode=1 THEN 'Hong Kong'
WHEN AreaCode=2 THEN 'Kowloon'
WHEN AreaCode=3 THEN 'New Territories'
ELSE '' END) AS Address
FROM TB_STU_Student
ORDER BY EnName

96

Query Repository

Student
Assessment
Staff

97

More SQL samples Student

Student information
Student information with parent
Student information with user-defined fields
Student information with last year's class
code
S5 & S7 graduated student list

98

More SQL samples Assessment

Examination score
Examination score with component
Top 20 students of a subject
English subject component score
Score of Chinese subject with component
List of student that fail Chinese, English or
Mathematics

99

More SQL samples Staff

Class teacher list

Staff information for ESDA
Staff information with qualification

100

Interactive SQL software

An interactive program for executing SQL

statement
The program is bundled in the Sybase
database system and is installed on the
WebSAMS server already

101

Interactive SQL software

Play DEMO
Points to note :
Connect the database with valid account
genuser, stfuser or fmpuser
Add wsadmin. before each table name
(inconvenient ?)
By default, only the first 500 records will be
retrieved
102

Sybase Central

The program is a tool for managing database

The program is bundled in the Sybase
database system and is installed on the
WebSAMS server already

103

Sybase Central
Play DEMO
Points to note :
Connect the database with valid account

genuser, stfuser or fmpuser

104

End of Workshop

105