WELCOME
TO ALL PARTICIPANTS
CROP MAXIMIZATION PROJECT – II
RAHIM YAR KHAN
WHEAT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
By:
Irfan Arshad
Credit & VO Help Officer
Crop Maximization Project-II,
(DISU) Rahim Yar Khan
Introduction
Technical Name; Triticum aestivum
Origin and History;
First grew in the Middle East,
One of the first plants cultivated about 11,000
years ago.
4,000 B.C. wheat farming spread to Asia, Europe and
North Africa
In 1834, Cyrus McCormick, an American
invented a reaping machine.
In 1834, a threshing machine was also invented
Importance of Wheat
Staple food for more than one third of the world population.
An important edible crop of Pakistan
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Vitamin B6 1.3 mg 100%
Energy 360 kcal 1510 kJ Folate (Vit. B9) 281 μg 70%
Carbohydrates 51.8 g
Calcium 39 mg 4%
Dietary fiber 13.2 g
Iron 6.26 mg 50%
Fat 9.72 g
Magnesium 239 mg 65%
Protein 23.15 g
Phosphorus 842 mg 120%
Thiamine (Vit. B1) 1.882 mg 145%
Potassium 892 mg 19%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.499 mg 33%
Niacin (Vit. B3) 6.813 mg 45% Zinc 12.29 mg 123%
Pantothenic acid(B5) 0.05 mg 1% Manganese 13.301 mg
Wheat leading producers (2008-09)
Country* 2008 est. 2009 forecast
million tonnes
European Union 150.0 138.6
China (Mainland) 112.5 111.0
India 78.4 77.6
United States of America 68.0 55.1
Russian Federation 63.8 55.0
Canada 28.6 25.9
Pakistan 21.8 23.8
Ukraine 25.9 19.1
Australia 21.4 22.0
Wheat import by countries Wheat export by countries
Area of Major Crops RYKhan
900000
810000
800000 780000
750000 746000
733000 718832
700000 682000 697000
600000
500000 Cotton
400000 Wheat
300000 Rice
200000
100000 70000
33000 33000
0
0
Acres 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Yield of Major Crops RYKhan
35
32.07
30.5
30
27.3
26.2
25 23.4 22.99
21.08 21.51
20.58
20 18.59 Cotton
16.75
15 Wheat
Rice
10
5
Maunds 0 0
2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Area and Yield of Wheat RYKhan
as Compared to Punjab
18000
16021
15896
15820
16000
14000
12000
10000 Area Punjab
Area RYKhan
8000 Yield Punjab
Yield RYKhan
6000
4000 Area (000 Acres)
Yield (in maunds)
2000
797
750
746
30.09
28.05
27.64
26.43
26.02
32.7
0
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Sowing Time
Early Sowing 25 Oct – 10 Nov
Mid Sowing 10 Nov – 30 No
Late Sowing Upto 15 December
Time of Sowing for Different Varieties
Variety Time of Sowing
st
Faisal Abad 2008 Nov 1 – Dec 10
Lasani 2008 Nov 1st – Dec 10
st
Sahar 2006 Nov 1 – Dec 15
Aqqab 2000 Nov 1st – Dec 10
Panjnand 1 Nov 1st – Dec 15
Ufaq 2002 Nov 1st – Nov 25
Manthar 2003 Nov 1st – Dec 15
*Inqilab 91 Nov 1st – Dec 15
Shafaq 2006 Nov 10 – Dec 15
Fareed 2006 Nov 10 – Dec 15
Miraj 2008 Nov 10 – Dec 15
*Bhakkar 2002 Nov 10 – Dec 10
* Sowing should be made on minimum areas as the varieties are
affected with rust disease.
Characteristics of Recommended Varieties
Av.
Height Leaf Mature Spike Av. No. of Potential Yield
Variety Leaf Structure Weight/000
(cm) Epansion Color Grains/spike (Maunds/Acre)
grains
Yellowish
Faisal Abad 2008 98-110 Partial Straight 1.7 - 1.8
Brown
45 40 61
Yellowish
Lasani 2008 90-110 Partial Straight 1.7 - 1.9 45 40 61
Brown
Sahar 2006 105-110 Straight 2 - 2.5 White 42 46 64
Uqqab 2000 100-110 Partial Straight 1 - 1.5 White 68 36.2 69
Panjnand 1 88 - 98 Straight 1.9 - 2.4 White 53 35 70
Yellowish
Ufaq 2002 98 - 108 Partial Straight 2.3 44 41.7 70
Brown
Manthar 2003 85 - 98 Partial Straight 1.8 - 2.8 White 55 37 68
*Inqilab 91 105 - 110 Partial Straight 3.6 Reddish Brown 45 40.9 72
Shafaq 2006 90 -100 Partial Straight 1.5 - 2 Reddish Brown 58 46 60
Fareed 2006 75 - 90 Partial Straight 1.8 - 2.8 Reddish Brown 48 45 46
Miraj 2008 90 - 95 Straight 1.8 Red 55 42 65
Light Reddish
*Bhakkar 2002 100 - 105 Partial Straight 1.9
Brown
62 45 73
* Sowing should be made on minimum areas as the varieties are
affected with rust disease.
Soil Type & Land Preparation
• Soil Type
Wheat can be grown sandy loam to clay soil but
best grown on loamy soil.
• Land Preparation
Cultivate the fallow land 4-5 times before sowing
Use land leveler if required
Split the field into small portions before rouni water
After rouni water at wattar conditions, use planker
to preserve moisture
Use “Dab method” in early and mid season
cultivation of wheat to control weeds.
Seed Rate & Treatment
Use of Quality Seed
Certified seed. (Punjab Seed Corporation)
Graded Seed (Through seed graders.)
Through 24 seed graders in District Rahim Yar Khan.
Seed Rate
50 Kg. – 15th November.
60 Kg. – 16th to 30th November.
70 Kg. – 1st December to 15th December.
Seed Treatment
Seed dressing Fungicide (2 grams/ Kg.)
Sowing Methods
Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/
Sugarcane
Sowing of Wheat after Rice
Sowing of Wheat on Beds
Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane
1. Wattar Method
Apply irrigation water 20 days before the
harvesting of cotton sticks.
After final picking and harvesting of cotton
sticks, cultivate the land 2 times by cultivator
followed by the use of rotavator.
Then drill the seed with the help of Rabi Drill
to get maximum germination.
Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane……….
2. Dry Method
After harvesting of sugarcane or removal
of cotton sticks cultivate the land two
times with the help of cultivator
Then one time with the help of rotavator
or disk harrow.
Then drill the seed in dry condition and
apply irrigation water immediately.
This method saves time and ensures
good germination.
Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane……….
3. Gup Chut Method
After removal of cotton sticks cultivate the
land 2 times with the help of cultivator
followed by heavy planking.
Then irrigate the field and broadcast the
wheat seed which should be soaked 8-10
hours before broadcasting.
This method is very useful in salt affected
soils.
Sowing of Wheat after Rice
Stop irrigation water 15 days before the
harvesting of rice.
Then immediately after harvesting use one
time rotavator and two-time cultivator/disk
harrow and the two cultivations followed
by planking.
Then drill the seed with the help of Rabi
drill.
Sowing of Wheat on Beds
Where there is shortage of irrigation water,
wheat can be sown on beds.
Sugarcane and rape seed/ mustard can also
be sown as intercropping.
Fertilizer Management
Balanced Use of Fertilizer
Analyze the status of Soil fertility & salts
The ratio of N: P should be 1.5: 1
Potash fertilizer should be applied for wheat sowing
after Rice, Sugarcane and cotton
Apply irrigation water immediately after the use of
urea fertilizer
Use Gypsum in salt affected soils before monsoon
Use all Nitrogen fertilizer upto 31st January, late
usage of nitrogen will cause logging.
Use all phosphatic & potash fertilizer at sowing if
not applied then use at 1st irrigation
Fertilizer Recommendations
Recommended Fertilizer Doses. (Kg)
At 1st/2nd Irrigation
Soil Type N P K At Sowing (Bags)
(Bags)
1 Urea or1.5 Amonium
Poor 52 46 25 2 DAP + 1/2 Uea + 1 SOP
Nitrate
1 Urea or1.5 Amonium
Average 42 34 25 1.5 DAP + 1/2 Urea + 1 SOP
Nitrate
1/2 Urea or 1 Amonium
Fertile 32 23 25 1 DAP + 1/2 Urea + 1 SOP
Nitrate
Judicious Use of Irrigation
For wheat sowing after Cotton/Sugarcane
1st Irrigation: After 20-25 days of sowing At Tillering stage
2nd Irrigation: After 80-90 days of sowing At boot formation
3rd Irrigation: After 125 - 130 days of sowing At grain formation
For wheat sowing after Rice
1st Irrigation: After 30-40 days of sowing
2nd Irrigation: After 80-90 days of sowing
3rd Irrigation: After 125 - 130 days of sowing
For late sown wheat
1st Irrigation: After 20-25 days of sowing
2nd Irrigation: After 70-80 days of sowing
3rd Irrigation: After 110-115 days of sowing
Weed Management
• Weeds cause a loss of 14 – 42 % in yield.
• Two type of weeds
– Broad leave weeds ( Batho, Jungly Palik, Jangli Sarsoon, Karund, Leh,
Chatri, Dhodak, Shahtra, Sengi, Maina, Pohli, Rewari, etc)
– Narrow leave weeds (Dumbi Sitti, Wild oat, Javi,etc)
• Weed Control Measures
– Use of Clean/weed free seed
– Hand pulling (if manual labor available)
– Use of Daab method ( in early & mid sowing)
– Mechanical Methods i.e Hoeing, bar harrow etc
– Chemical Control
Weed Management
Weeds of wheat
Weeds of wheat
Chemical Control for broad leave weeds
# Common Name Trade name Dose/Acre Target weeds
1 Bromoxynil Buctril-M 40EC 500 Ml Broad Leave
+MCFA Weeds, Bathu
2 Bromoxynil Brominal-M40 EC 500 Ml Karund, Lahli
+MCPA
3 Terbutryn+ Logran Extra 100 gm Chatri, Dhodak,
Trisalfuron 64 WG Shahtra, Sengi,
Maina
4 Penimethalin Stomp 330 EC 1500- Pohli, Rewari,
2000 ml Billi Booti, Laih
Chemical Control for narrow leave weeds
# Common Name Trade Dose/Acre Target weeds
Name
1 Fenoxaprop- Pumma 500 ml Narrow leave
Weeds
P Ethyl Supper Wild oat, Dumbi
Sitti
Weedicide for broad & narrow leave weeds
# Common Name Trade name Dose/Acre Target weeds
Isoproturon +
1 Panther 52 S.C
Diflufenican 800 Ml
Arelan 500 FW 800-900 Ml Narrow &
2 Isoproturon Graminon 50 FW 800-900 gm Broad leave
Tolkan 800-900 gm Weeds
3 Metribuzin Sencor 70 WP 100 gm
Use of weedicides
Total Market Rs 2.0 Billion
Cotton
Potato
Rice Wheat
Sugarcane
TypeTypes
of ofnozzle
nozzle
Insect Pest & Their Control
i. Black ant vi. Cut worm
ii. Termite vii. Aphid
iii. Grasshopper viii. Jassid
iv. Shoot fly ix. Armyworm
v. Wheat weevil x. Helicoverpa spp.
xi. Rats
Control Measures for insect pests
Use minimum pesticides.
Grow few lines of sarson crops around the wheat
field for the biological control of aphids on wheat.
Use dust pesticides around the field to prevent the
armyworm to move from infected field to unaffected
field.
Irrigate the field to control the cutworm.
Use the catching traps and also use the Phostoxin
(Two tablets/ burrow) for control of rats
Diseases of wheat
• Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici
Ear cockle Disease caused by Anguina
tritici
Flag smut caused by Urocystis tritici
Rust caused by Puccinia spp.
i ii
• Kernal bunt caused by Tilletia indica
• Powdary mildew caused by Erysiphe
graminis
Control measures
Use the resistance varieties of wheat
Seed treatments with fungicides (2g/kg of
seeds)
Use healthy seeds
Uproot the effected plants with disease
Harvesting
Harvest the wheat crop at
perfect maturity.
Manage labor, treasures,
reapers, tractors, and plastic
sheets before harvesting.
Do not harvest the crop during
rains
Harvesting
Special Initiatives for Targeting Food Security
through Productivity Enhancement of Wheat
Provision of subsidized implements to the farmers
Wheat Demonstration Plots
Wheat Yield Competition
PROVISION OF SUBSIDIZED IMPLEMENTS TO THE FARMERS
Targeting Food Security Through Productivity
Enhancement of Wheat (Implements)2008-09
Name of Allocation Alloted booked. Delivered Per Unit
Sr.No Implements. Price
1 Seed Graders 13 13 8 8 70000
Bnad Placement
2 Drill 54 54 53 53 70000
3 Rabi Drill 23 23 21 21 35000
4 Hand Sprayers 1320 813 741 741 3500
Financial Utilization. (in Rs)
Allocation Utilized % Utilized.
5057500 3540250 70%
Layout of Wheat Demonstration Plots " Targeting Food Security
Through Productivity Enhancement of Wheat " 2008-09
Name of
Demonstration
Sr.No Plots. Allocation Sowing of D.Plots.
1 Wheat 122 122
Financial utilization.(In Rs)
%
Allocation Utilized Utilized.
1037000 829440 80%
WHEAT YIELD COMPETITION 2008-09
Name of No. of No.of Total No. of No. of Plots No. of
Tehsil application Wheat plots plots to be finalized by wheat plots
received where harvested the Markaz harvested
visually committee
inspected for
harvesting
Rahim Yar 276 276 70 70 16
Khan
Sadiq Abad 276 276 70 44 17
Khan Pur 264 264 50 50 21
Liaquat 242 242 50 44 10
Pur
District 1058 1058 240 208 64
Total
Implements to be provided under
Wheat Yield Competition 2008-09
Sr. Name of Number
No. Implement to be
Tractor provided Diesel Engine
1 Fiat Tractor, 05
55HP
2 Diesel Engine 04
3 Reaper 05
4 Band placement 01
Drill
Reaper Fertilizer Band placement Drill
Thank You
