Arduino :
Introduction &
Programming
Anurag Dwivedi & Rudra Pratap Suman
What is an Arduino ?
Open Source electronic prototyping
platform based on flexible easy to use
hardware and software.
Uses of Arduino
Getting started with
Programming
Bare minimum code
voidsetup(){
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}
voidloop(){
// put your main code here, to run
repeatedly:
}
Bare minimum code
setup : It is called only when the Arduino is
powered on or reset. It is used to initialize
variables and pin modes
loop : The loop functions runs continuously
till the device is powered off. The main logic
of the code goes here. Similar to while (1)
for micro-controller programming.
PinMode
A pin on arduino can be set as input or
output by using pinMode function.
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as
output pin
pinMode(13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as input
pin
Reading/writing digital values
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Makes the output
voltage on pin 13 , 0V
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Makes the output
voltage on pin 13 , 5V
intbuttonState=digitalRead(2); // reads
the value of pin 2 in buttonState
Analog to Digital Coversion
What is analog ?
It is continuous range of voltage values (not
just 0 or 5V)
Why convert to digital ?
Because our microcontroller only
understands digital.
ADC in Arduino Uno
Converting Analog Value to
Digital
Quantanization the signal
ADC in Arduino
The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for
ADC
10-bit analog to digital converter
This means that it will map input voltages
between 0 and 5 volts into integer values
between 0 and 1023
Reading/Writing Analog Values
analogRead(A0); // used to read the analog
value from the pin A0
analogWrite(2,128);
ADC Example
// These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used:
constintanalogInPin=A0;// Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to
constintanalogOutPin=9;// Analog output pin that the LED is attached to
intsensorValue=0; // value read from the pot
intoutputValue=0; // value output to the PWM (analog out)
voidsetup(){
// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
voidloop(){
// read the analog in value:
sensorValue=analogRead(analogInPin);
// map it to the range of the analog out:
outputValue=map(sensorValue,0,1023,0,255);
// change the analog out value:
analogWrite(analogOutPin,outputValue);
// print the results to the serial monitor:
Serial.print("sensor = ");
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print("\toutput = ");
Serial.println(outputValue);
// wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop
// for the analog-to-digital converter to settle
// after the last reading:
delay(2);
}
