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Circle Theorems

This document discusses various circle theorems related to tangents, chords, angles, and segments of a circle. It includes: 1) Properties of tangents including that the angle between a tangent and radius is 90 degrees and that tangents from an external point are equal in length. 2) Definitions of chords and how they divide a circle into segments. 3) Symmetry properties of chords including that the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center and chords equidistant from the center are equal in length. 4) Theorems relating angles including that the angle at the center is twice the angle at the circumference, an angle in a semicircle is 90 degrees,

Uploaded by

Shahnaz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • angle sum,
  • angle measures,
  • circle definitions,
  • triangle properties,
  • symmetry properties,
  • mathematics,
  • arc angles,
  • circle diagrams,
  • radius,
  • tangent length
2K views20 pages

Circle Theorems

This document discusses various circle theorems related to tangents, chords, angles, and segments of a circle. It includes: 1) Properties of tangents including that the angle between a tangent and radius is 90 degrees and that tangents from an external point are equal in length. 2) Definitions of chords and how they divide a circle into segments. 3) Symmetry properties of chords including that the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center and chords equidistant from the center are equal in length. 4) Theorems relating angles including that the angle at the center is twice the angle at the circumference, an angle in a semicircle is 90 degrees,

Uploaded by

Shahnaz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • angle sum,
  • angle measures,
  • circle definitions,
  • triangle properties,
  • symmetry properties,
  • mathematics,
  • arc angles,
  • circle diagrams,
  • radius,
  • tangent length
  • Circle Theorems Introduction: Presents the general theme of circle theorems to be explored in the document.
  • Tangents: Explains how a straight line intersects a circle and introduces essential tangent properties.
  • Chords and Segments: Introduces chords, dividing the circle into segments, and explores relevant concepts.
  • Theorem 1: Describes the relationship between angles at the center and circumference of a circle.
  • Theorem 2: Explores the right angle property of angles in a semicircle.
  • Theorem 3: Introduces the cyclic quadrilateral property where opposite angles sum to 180 degrees.
  • Theorem 4: Describes how angles in the same segment from the same arc are equal.

CIRCLE THEOREMS

TANGENTS
A straight line can intersect a circle in three possible ways.
It can be:
A DIAMETER

A TANGENT

A CHORD

B
O

O
B

A
2 points of
intersection

2 points of
intersection

1 point of
intersection

TANGENT PROPERTY 1

The angle between a


tangent and a radius is a
right angle.

TANGENT PROPERTY 2
B

The two tangents drawn


from a point P outside a
circle are equal in length.
AP = BP

Example
AP is a tangent to the circle.
a Calculate the length of OP.
P b Calculate the size of angle AOP.
c Calculate the shaded area.

B
O

x
8 cm

6 cm
A

a OP2 6 2 8 2
OP2 100
OP 10 cm

c Shaded area = area of OAP area of sector OAB


1
53.13

8 6
62
360
2

24 16.69
7.31 cm2 (3 s.f.)

8
6
8
x tan1
6
53.13o
AOP

b tan x

CHORDS AND SEGMENTS


A straight line joining two points on the circumference of a
circle is called a chord.
A chord divides a circle into two segments.

major segment

minor segment

SYMMETRY PROPERTIES OF CHORDS 1

The perpendicular line from the


centre of a circle to a chord bisects
the chord.

Note: Triangle AOB is isosceles.

SYMMETRY PROPERTIES OF CHORDS 2


AB = CD

If two chords AB and CD are the


same length then they will be the
same perpendicular distance from
the centre of the circle.

If AB = CD then OP = OQ.

Example

Find the value of x.

O
96

Triangle OAB is isosceles


because OA = OB (radii of circle)

So angle OBA = x.
x
A

2x 96 180
2x 84
x 42o

THEOREM 1

2x

The angle at the centre is


twice the angle at the
circumference.

Example

Find the value of x.


x

O
96o
Angle at centre
= 2 angle at circumference
96 2x
x 96 2
x 48o

Example

Find the value of x.


62o

O
x
Angle at centre
= 2 angle at circumference
x 2 62
x 124o

Example

Find the value of x.

O
84o
Angle at centre
= 2 angle at circumference
84 2x
x 84 2
x 42o

Example

Find the value of x.


104o

x
Oy
Angle at centre
= 2 angle at circumference
y 2 104
y 208
x 360 208
x 152o

THEOREM 2

An angle in a semi-circle
is always a right angle.

Example

58o

Find the value of x.

x
Angles in a semi-circle = 90o
and
angles in a triangle add up to 180o.
x 58 90 180
x 32o

THEOREM 3

x
Opposite angles of a
cyclic quadrilateral add
up to 180o.

x y 180o

Example

Find the values of x and y.


x

y
Opposite angles in a cyclic
quadrilateral add up to 180o.
75

132o

x 132 180
x 48o

y 75 180
y 105o

THEOREM 4

x
x

Angles from the same arc


in the same segment are
equal.

Example

Find the value of x.

39o
x

Angles from the same arc in the same


segment are equal.
x 39o

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