DESIGN OF 100 SEATER PASSENGER
AIRCRAFT
REASON FOR CHOOSING
AROUND 46% OF INDIAS ULTRA HIGH-NET-WORTH INDIVIDUALS LIVE IN
SMALL CITIES, MOST OF WHICH ARE STARVED FOR FLIGHT OPTIONS.
BUT RUNNING DAILY AIRBUS A320 OR BOEING 737 FLIGHTS TO AND FROM
THESE CITIES IS NOT PROFITTABLE PROPOSITION.
The former president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam has called for development of
100 seater jet aircraft in the country. In a function organized by HAL
INTERESTINGLY, INDIA'S TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT DREAM WAS INITIALLY CALLED AS RTA-70
(70-SEATER) AND LATER IT BECAME NCAD (NATIONAL CIVIL AIRCRAFT DEVELOPMENT)
PROJECT, WITH A 100 SEATER MANDATE.
THE NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES (NAL) PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE INITIALLY AND
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) TOO JOINED HANDS LATER
THE TWO ORGANISATIONS ESTIMATED THAT NEXT 20 YEARS THERE WOULD BE A
REQUIREMENT FOR AROUND 400 AIRCRAFT OF THIS SIZE
INDIAS AIRLINE INDUSTRY HAS A FLEET OF 388 AIRCRAFT, OUT OF WHICH ONLY 46 ARE
AIRCRAFT WTH SEAT CAPACITY OF AROUND 100 SEATS.
MISSION PROFILE
DESCRIPTION
Phase 1 :
Engine start and warm up
Phase 2
Taxiing
Phase 3
Take of
Phase 4
Speed
Phase 5 :
Climb to cruise altitude and accelerate to cruise
Cruise
Phase 6
Loiter
Phase 7
Descent
Phase 8
Landing
Phase 9
Taxiing
Phase 10: Engine shut down
Aircraft design can be broken into
three major phases
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN:PRELIMINARY DESIGN:
DETAIL DESIGN:
COLLECTION OF SIMILAR AIRCRAFTS
DATA
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
cruise speed (kmph) VS range (km)
7000
6000
5000
4000
range (km)
3000
2000
1000
0
650
700
750
800
cruise speed (kmph)
850
900
950
cruise speed VS seats
140
120
100
80
seats
60
40
20
0
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
cruise speed kmph
cruise speed kmph VS weight Wo (kg)
70000
60000
50000
40000
weight Wo
30000
20000
10000
0
650
700
750
800
CRUISE SPEED kmph
850
900
950
cruise speed (kmph) VS length (m)
40
35
30
25
length (m)
20
15
10
5
0
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
cruise speed (kmph)
cruise speed (kmph) VS empty weight We (kg)
12
10
empty weight
0
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
WEIGHT ESTIMATION
To estimate the following parameters of our conceptual design
Gross /take off weight (WT0)
Empty weight (W0)
Mission fuel weight (WF)
Phase 5-6: Loiter
conclusion
Wo=51081 kg
We=27839 kg
Wf=13792 kg
Wp=9000 kg
Wc=450 kg
Range=4000 km
AIRFOIL SELECTION
AIRFOIL SELECTION
NACA AIRFOIL FOR ROOT - 23018
NACA AIRFOIL FOR TIP
FROM SURVEY, RANGE FOR CL max IS BETWEEN 1.2 TO 1.8
- 23012
+CL max(FLAP)
=1.73
WING
LOADING[ ]= 5747.47 (for jet transport)
VSTALL
= 73.65 m/s
WING
AREA (S) = 87.187 m2
Vf
= 1.23 VSTALL
Vf
= 85.3989 m/s
LANDING PERFORMANCE
landing distance
= Vf2/0.2g
= 4181.56 m
hf =
hf
R(1- cos a), Where a = 3 degrees
= 5.731 m
= 181.44 m
Sg
= R Sin a
Sg = 218.84 m
FROM
SURVEY, THE LANDING DISTANCE (S) =
1317 m
= S a + S g+ S f
Sg
= S- Sa- Sf
GROUND
ROLL DISTANCE (Sg) = 1117.371 m
W/S ratio
J*N*((2W)/S CLMAX)
928.88
= 3.55* (W/S)+ 0.1528* (W/S)
(W/S)
= 5470
(W/S)
+ (J2(W/S)/ CLMAXr)
= 71.48 m/s
= (51081*9.81)/5470
= 91.6 m2
TAKE OFF PERFORMANCE
Take off distance
Sg=
= 305.98/(T/W)
FROM
+
SURVEY, TAKE OFF DISTANCE
= 1800 m
= R Sin
= 3519.29 m
vSTALL=
VSTALL
= 70.43 m/s
Cos-1 [1-(50ft/R)]
= 5.334 degrees
= R Sin
= 327.16 m
= 1800 m
= 1900 327.16=1472.84 m
=305.98/(T/W)
(T/W)
= 0.21
0.7*
VLO = V
VLO
= 1.1 * VSTALL
VLO
= 77.47 m/s
V=
0.7 * 77.47
= 47.524 m/s
POWER REQUIRED
POWER
= 5706.4 KW
= 0.4 *-0.6
FROM
SURVEY, (TA)V=0 =115 kN
POWER
REQUIRED PR = T * V
AVAILABLE ,PA = TA * V
=6124KW
ENGINE SELECTION
pratt&whittney PW6000
Type:Two spool high bypass
ratioTurbofan
Length:108in (2.74m)
Diameter:56.5in (1.44m)
Dry weight:5046lbs (2289kg)
Components
Compressor:single stage fan, 4 stage
low pressure compressor, 6 stage high
pressure compressor
Combustors:Annular
Turbine:single stage high pressure
turbine, 3 stage low pressure turbine
Performance
Thrust:22,100 - 24,000lbf (99 - 125kN)
Overall pressure ratio:26.1 - 28.2
Bypass ratio:4.8 - 5.0
Thrust-to-weight ratio:4.7
POWER LOADING
PA
= 6124 KW
POWER
LOADING
(P/W) = (PA /W0) = [(612400)/(51081*9.81)]
(P/W)
(L/D)
= 0.0122
=
wing specification
4KcD0
Where,
=
CD0 (L/D) = 15
K = 0.06536
AR =
AR
= 5.729
AR
= 22.9 m
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
COMPONENTS
WEIGHT(kg)
6% bf = 1.92 m
crew
12% bf = 3.84 m
main landing gear
25% bf = 8 m
payload bay 1
37% bf = 11.84 m
fixed equipment
4 % W = 1491.56 kg
fuselage weight + main
45% bf = 14.4 m
landing gear
30% W = 11186.7 kg
60% bf = 19.2 m
payload bay 2
4500 kg
horizontal + vertical
93% bf = 29.76 m
stabilizer
3 % W = 11186.7 kg
450 kg
1 % W = 372.9 kg
4500 kg
FROM THE LITERATURE SURVEY, THE FUSELAGE SPAN bf = 32 m.
Wf = overall weight fuel weight.
= 51081 13792
= 37289 kg.
TAKING MOMENT ABOUT REFERENCE POINTS,
Xcg =
1.92*450+3.84*372.9+8*4500+11.84*1491.56+14.4*11186.7+19.2*4500+(29.76*11186.7)/37289
Xcg = 335156.14/37289
Xcg =8.99 m.
SUMMARY OF THE REPORT
In the process of estimating these performances parameters, we have found other
characteristics of our airplane:
a. Takeoff gross weight [WTO] = 51081 kg
b. Fuel weight [Wf] = 13792 kg
c. Empty weight [We] = 27839 kg
d. Wing loading = 5470 N/m2
e. Wing area[S] = 91.6 m2
f. Maximum lift coefficient = 1.73
g. L/D max = 15
h. Aspect Ratio [AR] = 5.729
i. TR-max = 115 KN (Turbofan engine)
j. Engine selected (PW 6000 )
