Cerebrovascular accident:
The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the
brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. A CVA is also referred to as a stroke.
There are two types of cerebrovascular accidents. An ischemic cerebrovascular accident occurs when a brain artery
has been blocked. A hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident occurs when an artery ruptures or leaks.
There are three primary causes of cerebrovascular accidents: cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and cerebral
hemorrhage.
A cerebrovascular accident caused by a cerebral thrombosis is the result of a build-up of plaque and inflammation in
the arteries, called atherosclerosis. This process narrows the brain arteries and lowers the amount of oxygen-rich
blood that reaches the brain tissue. Arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis are more likely to develop a blood clot that
completely blocks blood flow to an area of the brain. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include having high
cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension.
Cerebrovascular accident cause by a cerebral embolism occurs when a clot forms in another part of the body and
travels in the bloodstream to a brain artery, blocking the flow of blood to the brain. A cerebrovascular accident caused
by cerebral hemorrhageoccurs when a brain artery breaks or leaks blood into the surrounding brain tissue.
Read more at http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/c/cerebrovascular_accident/intro.htm?ktrack=kcplink
Cerebrovascular accident is the term that refers to any functional abnormality of the CentralNervous System that
occurs when the normal blood supply to the brain is disrupted, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel, and vital
brain tissue dies. Cerebrovascular accident is commonly called Strokes.
Cerebrovascular accident may be caused by any of three mechanisms.
Cerebral Thrombosis – blockage in the thrombus (clot) that has built up on the wall of the brain artery.
Cerebral Embolism – blockage by an embolus (usually a clot) swept into the artery in the brain.
Hemorrhage – Rupture of a blood vessel and bleeding within or over the surface of the brain.
Thrombosis and embolism both lead to cessation of blood supply to part of the brain thus to infarction (tissue death).
Rupture of a blood vessel in or near the brain may cause an intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The symptoms of a stroke usually develop over minutes or hours occasionally over several days. Depending on the
site, cause and extent of damage, any or all of the symptoms at right may be present, in any degree of severity. The
more serious cases lead to rapid loss of consciousness, coma, and death or to severe physical or mental handicap.
Hemiplegia – weakness or paralysis on one side of the body is one of the more common effects of a serious stroke.
The following are the symptoms of Cerebrovascular accident:
Headache
Dizziness and confusion
Visual disturbance
Slurred speech or loss of speech
Difficulty of swallowing
Risk factors:
Age
High blood pressure – weakens the walls of arteries
Atherosclerosis – narrowed artery channels
Heart disease – cause blot clot in the heart that may break off and migrate to the brain.
Diabetes mellitus – accelerated degeneration of small blood vessel
Smoking – increase the risk ofhypertension
Polycythemia – a raised level of red cells in the blood.
Hyperlipidemia – high level of fatty substances in the blood
Subjective: Impaired After 1 hour of Provide Provide After 1 hour
Nahihirapan verbal nursing alternative communication nursing
ak0ng communication intervention , methods of needs or intervention ,
magsalita as related to loss the aeg will communication, desires based the patient was
verbalized by of facial or oral establish like pictures or on individual able to
the client muscle tone method of visual cues, situation or establish
control communication gestures, or underlying method of
Objective: in which needs demonstration. deficit . communication
Bp: 150/100 can be in which needs
Pr:74 expressed. Anticipate and Helpful in can be
RR:30 provide for decreasing expressed.
T:36.4 patients needs. frustration
when
As Talk directly to dependent on
manifested patient.speaking others and
by: slowly and unable to
-difiiculty directly. Use yes communicate
producing or no question desires .
speech to begin with.
-facial It reduces
paralysis Speak in normal confusion or
-muscle and tones and avoid anxiety and
facial tension talking too fast . having to
give patient process and
ample time to respond to
respond. large amount
of information
Encourage at one time.
family members
and visitors to Patient is not
persist efforts to necessary
communicate hearing
with the impaired and
patient. raising voice
may irritate or
anger the
patient.
It is important
to family
members to
continue
talking the
patient to
reduce patient
isolation,
promote
establish ment
of effective
communication
and maintain
sense of
connectedness
or bonding
with the
family.
