ABAP Chapter 3
Open SQL Internal Table
SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server
SAP GUI SAP GUI SAP GUI
Presentation Server
SAP Application Server
DB Server
SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture) (3
SAP GUI SAP GUI
Presentation Layer
(Windows based)
SAP Instance
Application Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Request Queue
Dispatcher
M
SAP Buffer (Shared Mem)
E G
Database Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Oracle Informix
Database Server
DB2 MS SQL Server SAP DB/MaxDB
SAP System : Dialog Processing
SAP GUI
Report zpsm1.
Application Server
Store request to queue 3 Send List 9
Generate 1 10 Screen(List) Send Request
Reque st
Tables customers.
List
Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name.
Dispatcher
2
Request Queue Send request to 4 WP
Search for free WP Check Program in Program Buffer 5
SAP Buffer
Program Table
D
8
D
SQL Reques t
D
6
Execute ABAP statem ent
Database Server
Load&Gen Program
Dialog Work Process Architecture
Dialog Work Process TaskHandler Local Memory
Memory Space
ABAP Processor
List buffer
DYNPRO Processor DB Interface
Result Set Memory
Database Server
Open SQL
SELECT ... INSERT ... UPDATE ... DELETE ...
DB Interface
SAP Application Server Dialog WP
TaskHandler ABAP Processor DYNPRO
List Buffer
Local Memory
Memory Space
DB Interface Result Set
~ 32 KB in length
Database Server
Data Data Data Data
Data
Example Tables in DB
spfli
carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance
customers
id name city
1 2 3
John Peter David
New York Singapore London
LH LH SQ
0400 0402 0110
LA BK SQ
NY NY BK
100 540 250
Example Tables in DB
sflight
carrid connid fldate price
LH LH LH SQ
0400 0400 0400 0110
20010101 20010110 20010228 20010226
150 145 130 75
Select Overview
Select <result> From <table> Into <destination> Where <condition> Which Columns? Which Table? Where to place? Which Lines?
Select Statement
Select multiple records from database
SELECT * FROM customers. ENDSELECT.
Select single record from database
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = 1.
Select Multiple Records
Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.
Dialog WP
Dialog WP TaskHandler
ABAP Processor
List buffer
Local Memory
Memory Space
DYNPRO Processor
DB Interface
Result Set
Database
SELECT Statement Working Steps
1. Transform open SQL to DB SQL and return result set into result set work area
SELECT * FROM spfli. ENDSELECT.
SELECT * FROM spfli;
2. Loop with data in result set and transfer each record to work area in memory space
SELECT * FROM spfli. ENDSELECT. Table Structure in Memory Space
Select Into Table Structure
Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli into spfli. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.
Select Into Work Area
Data wa like spfli. Seclect * from spfli into wa. write: / wa-carrid, wa-connid, wa-cityfrom, wa-cityto. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data . endif.
Exercise I
customers-id
customers-name
customers-city
SELECT with WHERE Clause
Loop Processing with Restriction
Tables spfli. Select * from spfli where cityfrom = FRANKFURT . write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-cityto. endselect. If sy-subrc <> 0. write / no data . endif.
Select With Range
Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price between 100 and 1000. Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.
SELECT With IN List
Tables sflight. Select * From sflight Where price in ( 100, 1000 ). Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price. Endselect.
Select Single Record
Select Single Record
Tables spfli. Select single * from spfli where carrid = LH and connid = 0400 . if sy-subrc = 0. write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto. else. write: / Data not found . endif.
Select Column List
Select * : Example
SELECT *
Reading Selected Column
Data: id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city. Select id name city into (id, name, city) from customers. write: / id, name, city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.
Reading Selected Column
Data: begin of wa, id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city, end of wa. Select id name city into wa from customers. write: / wa-id, wa-name , wa-city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.
Select Column : Example I
Reading Selected Column
Tables customers. Select id name city into (customers-id, customers-name, customers-city) from customers. write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write / No Data found . endif.
Select Column : Example II
Corresponding Fields of...
Tables: customers. Select id name city into corresponding fields of customers from customers. Write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city. Endselect.
Select Statement : Special Topics
DB Count : SY-DBCNT
Tables customers. Select * from customers. write: / sy-dbcnt, customers-id, customers-name. endselect. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / No Data found . else. write: / sy-dbcnt, Record found . endif.
SELECT ORDER BY ...
Tables: spfli. Select * from spfli Order by cityfrom. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, spfli-cityfrom. Endselect.
SELECT With Template
Tables customers. Select * From customers Where name Like _r% . Write: / customers-id,customers-name. Endselect.
Aggregate Functions
Data: maxdat like sflight-distance, mindat like sflight-distance, counter type I. Select COUNT( * ) MIN( distance ) MAX( distance ) into (counter ,mindat, maxdat) from spfli. Write: / Count : , counter, / Min : , mindat, / Max : , maxdat.
ggregate Functions : COUNT,MIN,MAX,AVG and SU
SELECT GROUP BY ...
Data: carrid like sflight-carrid, sflight mindat Type P Decimals 2, carrid connid fldate Price maxdat Type P Decimals 2. Select carrid Min( price ) 0400 20010101 ) Max( price 150 LH Into (carrid, mindat, maxdat) LH 0400 20010110 145 From sflight Group by carrid. LH 0400 20010228 130 Write: / carrid, mindat, maxdat. SQ 0110 20010226 75 Endselect.
Sub Query
tables customers. select * from customers where id <> 1 and city = ( select city from customers where id = 1 ). write: / customers-id, customers-name. endselect. ID 1
Exercise I
SELECT *
customers-id
customers-name
customers-city
Exercise II
SELECT *
usr02-bname
usr02-trdat
usr02-ltime
ABAP : Inner Join
Tables Join
spfli
carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance
sflight
carrid connid fldate price
LH LH LH SQ 0400 0402 0110 NY BK SQ BK NY BK 100 LH 540 LH 250 SQ
0400 0400 0400 0110
20010101 20010110 20010228 20010226
150 145 130 75
Tables Join
Question: Select carrid, connid and cityto from spfli and fldate,price from sflight where carrid = LH spfli-carrid spfli-connid sflight-fldate spfli-cityto sflight-price
LH
Standard SQL
Select spfli.carrid, spfli.connid, sflight.fldate, sflight.price From spfli, sflight Where spfli.carrid = sflight.carrid and spfli.connid = sflight.connid and spfli.carrid = LH ;
Tables Join Methods
Nested select statement Internal table View Inner join of Select statement
Nested Select Statement
Tables: spfli,sflight. Select * from spfli where carrid = LH. Select * from sflight where carrid = spfli-carrid and connid = spfli-connid. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sflight-price. Endselect. Endselect.
Open SQL Inner Join
Tables: spfli,sflight. Select spfli~carrid spfli~connid sflight~fldate spfli~cityto sflight~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli inner join sflight on spfli~carrid = sflight~carrid and spfli~connid = sflight~connid where spfli~carrid = LH . Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.
Open SQL Inner Join
Tables: A,B. Select A~a B~b B~c into (A-a,B-b,B-c) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b. Write: / A-a,B-b,B-c. Endselect. Table : A A-a B-b B-c
Table : B
b
b1
c
c1 c2 c3
a
a1 a2
b
b1 b2
b2 b3
Open SQL Inner Join
Table : A
Database Server
Table : B
a
a1 a2
b
b1 b2
b
b1 b2 b3
c
c1 c2 c3
1
Application Server 2
Single Result Table(Result set)
Select inner join.. Endselect.
A~a
a1 a2
B~b
b1 b2
B~c
c1 c2
Open SQL Alias Table Name
Tables: spfli,sflight. Select a~carrid a~connid b~fldate a~cityto b~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price) from spfli as a inner join sflight as b on a~carrid = b~carrid and a~connid = b~connid where a~carrid = LH . Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price. Endselect.
Inner Join/Outer Join Example
ZCUSTOMERS
id
1 2 3 4
ZSALEREPS
city tel
111111 222222 432555 234111
name
John Peter David Micheal
sale_id
01 02
name
Somchai Pipop
New York London Singapore Bangkok
ZSALES
cust_id 1 prod_id A1 A2 X1 sale_date 20020318 20020318 20020321 qty 10 50 90 sale_id 01 01 02
ZPRODUCTS
p_id
A1 A2 B1 X1 Y1 prod_name Pen Pencil Ruler Tape CD on_hand 100 125 80 120 99
1 3
Open SQL Inner Join
REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.
Open SQL Inner Join > 2 Tables
A-a B-c C-y Tables: A,B,C. Select A~a B~c C~y into (A-a,B-c,C-y) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b inner join C on C~x = B~c. Write: / A-a,B-c,C-y. Endselect. Table : A Table : C
Table : B
y
...
c
... ...
Open SQL Inner Join > 2 Tables
REPORT ZINNERJOIN02 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZPRODUCTS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME C~PROD_NAME B~QTY INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME, ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME, ZSALES-QTY) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID INNER JOIN ZPRODUCTS AS C ON C~P_ID = B~PROD_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME,ZSALES-QTY. ENDSELECT.
Exercise
List customers who buy product from company as following fields:
zcustomers-id zcustomers-name zsales-sale_date zproducts-prod_name zsales-qty zsalereps-name
Exercise : User Master
USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER
Tables Relationship
USR02
BNAME
USR21
PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER
ADCP
ABAP : Outer Join
Open SQL Outer Join
REPORT ZOUTERJOIN . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZCUSTOMERS AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN ZSALES AS B ON A~ID = B~CUST_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.
Single Result Table A~NAME John John Peter David Micheal X1 B~PROD_ID A1 A2
Exercise
List customers name who do not buy any product from company
Sub Query
REPORT ZSUBQUERY . tables: zcustomers. select * from zcustomers as a where not exists ( select * from zsales as b where b~cust_id = a~id ). write: / zcustomers-name. endselect.
Internal Table
Data Objects in ABAP
Memory Space
Variable Structure
Table Structure
Internal Table
Constants
<Field-symbols>
INTERNAL TABLE
Flight (Structure)
Carrid Connid Date Price
Internal Table
Flight (Internal Table)
Carrid Connid Date
Header Line
Price
Structure
Data: Begin of carrid connid date price flight, like sflight-carrid, like sflight-connid, like sflight-fldate, like sflight-price.
Data: Write:
End of flight.
flight-carrid = LH . / flight-carrid.
INTERNAL TABLE
Data: begin of tab occurs 10, carrid like sflight-carrid, connid like sflight-connid, fldate like sflight-fldate, price like sflight-price. end of tab.
Data
USING ABAP DICTIONARY STRUCTURE Data: Data begin of tab occurs 0. Include structure sflight. end of tab.
INTERNAL TABLE USING LIKE
Data tab LIKE sflight OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
FILLING INTERNAL TABLE (APPEND)
Tables sflight. Data flight like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight. Move sflight to flight. Append flight. Endselect.
Standard Key of Internal Table
tab
Data: begin of tab occurs 0, f1 type C, f2 type I, f3 type N, f4 type P, end of tab.
f1
f2
f3
f4
Reading Data From Internal Table
Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab. If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-carrid, tab-price. Endloop. Else. Write: / No Data . Endif.
Access Database Without Internal Table
Access Database Using Internal Table
Reading Data From Internal Table
Data: begin of tab occurs 0, id like customers-id, name like customers-name, end of tab. Select id name from customers into table tab. If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. Write: / tab-id, tab-name. Endloop. else. Write: / No Data . Endif.
Exercise I : Change
Using Internal Table
SORTING INTERNAL TABLE (SORT)
Sort Sort Sort flight. flight by flight by
price fldate. price ascending fldate descending.
SORTING INTERNAL TABLE
Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with header line. Select * from spfli into table tab. Sort tab by cityfrom. Loop at tab. write: / tab-carrid, tab-connid,tab-cityfrom. Endloop.
PROCESSING INTERNAL TABLE ...
Loop at flight. Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight where carrid = LH . Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop. Loop at flight from 1 to 10. Write: / sy-tabix ,flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endloop.
Internal Table Template Condition
... loop at tab where name cp +r*. ...
Reading Single Record
... Sort flight by carrid connid fldate. Read table flight with key carrid = LH connid = 0400 fldate = 19990201 Binary Search. if sy-subrc = 0. write : / flight-carrid,flight-connid, flight-fldate, flight-price. endif.
Reading Single Record using Index
...
Read table flight index 3. If sy-subrc = 0. write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid. Endif.
CHANGING INTERNAL TABLE
...
Delete Delete flight index 5. flight where carrid = LH .
flight-carrid = XX . flight-price = 100. Insert flight index 1.
DELETING INTERNAL TABLE
DATA flight LIKE sflight occurs 0 with header line.
Clear flight. Refresh flight. Free flight.
Total Record of Internal Table
Data: line_count type i. Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line. Select * from sflight into table tab. Describe table tab lines line_count. Write: / line_count.
Exercise I
Internal Table Processing
Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with Header line.
Select * from spfli appending table tab where carrid = LH.
SELECT INNER JOIN
REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 . TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID. ENDSELECT.
Inner Join into Internal Table
REPORT ZJOIN01 . DATA: begin of tab occurs 0, name like zcustomers-name, prod_id like zsales-prod_id, end of tab. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO TABLE tab FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. LOOP AT tab. WRITE: / TAB-NAME,TAB-PROD_ID. ENDLOOP.
Internal Table Without Header Line
DATA tab LIKE customers OCCURS 0. DATA wa LIKE customers. LOOP AT tab INTO wa. WRITE: / wa-id, wa-name. ENDLOOP.
Internal Table Declaration
DATA tab TYPE TABLE OF customers. DATA wa LIKE LINE OF customers.
ABAP Practice
Database Table Processing
INSERT UPDATE MODIFY DELETE
Database
Insert (Table)
Tables customers. customers-id = 999 . customers-name = Test . Insert customers. if sy-subrc <> 0. write: / Data Already Exists . endif.
Update Statement
Tables customers. Select single * from customers where id = 1. If sy-subrc = 0. customers-name = John . update customers. Update customers Endif.
set name = John where id = 1.
Update Statement
Data wa like customers. wa-id = 1 . wa-name = Test No 1 . wa-city = Bangkok . update customers from wa. If sy-subrc <> 0. write: / Data not found . Endif.
Modify Statement
Tables customers. customers-id = 1 . customers-name = Test No 1 . Modify customers.
Deleting Database Table Entries
Tables customers. customers-id = 1 . Delete customers. Delete customers From Table delcustomers. Delete From customers Where city = Bangkok .
Exercise II
Exercise II
1. SELECT *2. Internal Table
usr02-bname
usr02-trdat
usr02-ltime
Exercise III
Tables Relationship for User Master
USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER
Tables Relationship
USR02
BNAME
USR21
PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER
ADCP
Exercise III : User Master
usr02-trdat usr02-bname adcp-tel_number
Internal Table
