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Overview of Direct Dyes

Direct dyes are substantive dyes that are attracted to cellulosic materials at the molecular level. When dissolved in water, the dye molecules dissociate into ions that the textile materials absorb from the solution. Direct dyes come in different classes based on factors like self-leveling properties, control by salt or temperature. Dyeing involves fiber swelling, dye adsorption at the surface, and diffusion into the fiber interior. Direct dyes can be applied to cellulosic and some protein fibers and nylons. However, they have poor washing fastness and moderate light fastness, which can be improved through after treatments with metallic salts, formaldehyde, cationic fixing agents or diazotisation.

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Vignesh Waran
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127 views7 pages

Overview of Direct Dyes

Direct dyes are substantive dyes that are attracted to cellulosic materials at the molecular level. When dissolved in water, the dye molecules dissociate into ions that the textile materials absorb from the solution. Direct dyes come in different classes based on factors like self-leveling properties, control by salt or temperature. Dyeing involves fiber swelling, dye adsorption at the surface, and diffusion into the fiber interior. Direct dyes can be applied to cellulosic and some protein fibers and nylons. However, they have poor washing fastness and moderate light fastness, which can be improved through after treatments with metallic salts, formaldehyde, cationic fixing agents or diazotisation.

Uploaded by

Vignesh Waran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DIRECT DYES

Direct dyes are substantive (dye molecules are attracted by physical forces at the molecular level) for cellulosic textile materials

When the dyes are dissolved in water, the dye molecules get dissociated into ions(DSO3- and Na+) During dyeing textile materials absorbs the coloured anions(D-SO3-) from the dye solution.
(Alkali) (Water)

D-SO3H
Dye with supersonic acid group

D-SO3Na
Na2 CO3 Sodium salt of sulphonic acid i.e. dye

D-SO3- + Na+
Dye anion Sodium cation

Classification of direst dyes


Class A: Self-leveling dyes

Class B: Salt-controllable dyes


Class C: Temperature controllable dyes

Mechanism of dyeing

Fiber swelling in the liquor

Adsorption of the dye at the fiber surface


Diffusion of dye molecules into the interior of the fiber

Affinity of dye fibers

Direct dyes can be applied to

All cellulosic material(cotton, rayon,etc) Protein fibers

can also be applied over

Nylons

Disadvantages of Direct dyes


Direct dyes have poor washing fastness

Light fastness is moderate

After treatments

Some after treatments that are used are


Treatment with metallic salts- improves light


fastness

Treatment with formaldehyde-improves washing


fastness

Treatment with cationic fixing agents- improves


light and washing fastness Topping with basic dyes-improves affinity

Diazotisation of direct dyed goods- improves resistace to wet treatments

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