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Understanding Taxonomy and Classification

The document discusses taxonomy and the classification of living things. It describes how taxonomy organizes the 1.5 million known living things based on similarities and evolutionary relationships. There are three domains of life - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya - with the Eukarya domain containing four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is described in one sentence with their defining characteristics.

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170 views20 pages

Understanding Taxonomy and Classification

The document discusses taxonomy and the classification of living things. It describes how taxonomy organizes the 1.5 million known living things based on similarities and evolutionary relationships. There are three domains of life - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya - with the Eukarya domain containing four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is described in one sentence with their defining characteristics.

Uploaded by

peterr1022
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASSIFICATION

The Science of Taxonomy

About 1.5 million kinds of living things

Taxonomy makes it easier to organize them


Based traditionally on similarities

Modern taxonomy uses evolutionary information comparative embryology comparative anatomy comparative biochemistry

Early Taxonomists
Aristotle 4th Century B.C. Classified animals as air, land, or water dwellers Theoprastus 4th Century B.C. Classified plants as herbs, shrubs, or trees

John Ray Mid-1600s Introduced the term species

Carolus LinnaeusFather of Taxonomy

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
a system of giving an organism a scientific name composed of two parts
genus name is capitalized species name is not capitalized name is underlined or italicized Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Danio rerio Crinum aquatica

WHAT IS A LIVING THING?

- Domains and Kingdoms

Three Domains of Life


Domain is the highest or broadest level of classification

There are three types of Domains:

Modern Bacteria

Ancient Bacteria

The 6 Kingdoms of Life

The Domain Bacteria


Contains a single kingdom, Eubacteria.
Some scientists call this kingdom Bacteria.

Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no internal compartments. Bacteria are found in practically every environment on Earth.

The Domain Archaea


Contains a single kingdom Archaebacteria. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that have diverged very early from bacteria. They are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria.

The Domain Eukarya


Eukarya is made up of four kingdoms:
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Members of this domain are Eukaryotes.

Kingdom Protista:
Kingdom Protista: Composed of eukaryotic organisms that cant be classified as animals, plants, or fungi Can be unicellular or multicellular Some are photosynthetic and some are heterotrophic

Kingdom Fungi:
Kingdom Fungi: Are heterotrophs They secret digestive enzymes into their food source Most are multicellular but some can be unicellular Cell walls contain chitin

Kingdom Plantae:
Kingdom Plantae: Are multicellular Are photosynthetic autotrophs Have cell walls made of cellulose Kingdom Animalia: Are multicellular Are heterotrophs

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