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Access and Communication Servers Product Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the access server platforms. You will nd the following information in this chapter:

Introduction to access servers Supported protocols Supported interfaces and connections Supported platforms

Introduction
Access servers connect terminals, modems, microcomputers, and networks over serial lines to local-area networks (LANs) or wide-area networks (WANs). They provide network access to terminals, printers, workstations, and other networks. Remote conguration is also available through Telnet and Digital Equipment Corporations Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) connections to virtual ports on access servers.

Note Throughout the remainder of this publication, access servers and communication servers

generally are referred to as access servers.

Four Services
Your access server supports four types of server operation:

Terminal servicesConnecting asynchronous devices to a LAN or WAN through network and terminal-emulation software including Telnet, rlogin, Digitals Local-Area Transport (LAT) protocol, and IBM TN3270. See Figure 1-2. Telecommuting servicesConnecting devices over a telephone network using AppleTalk Remote Access (ARA), Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), compressed SLIP (CSLIP), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and XRemote (NCDs X Windows terminal protocol). See Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Routing servicesRouting full-featured Internet Protocol (IP) and Novell Internet Packet Exchange (IPX). This is the same routing functionality found on router platforms. See Figure 1-5. Protocol translation servicesConverting one virtual terminal protocol into another protocol. See Figure 1-6.

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Introduction

Figure 1-1 illustrates these four types of server functionality available on the access server: terminal service is shown between the terminals and hosts running the same protocol (LAT-to-LAT or TCP-to-TCP); telecommuting service is demonstrated by the remote PC connection running SLIP, CSLIP, PPP, or XRemote; protocol translation is supported between the terminals and hosts running unlike protocols (LAT-to-TCP or TCP-to-LAT); asynchronous IP routing is shown by the PC running SLIP or PPP, and between the two access servers.

Figure 1-1

Functions of the Access Server

.
PC (TCP) PC (LAT)

Branch Office

Telecommuters PC (SLIP, PPP, CSLIP, XRemote)

Access server

Terminal (LAT)

Terminal (TCP) IP Access server X.25 WAN Terminal (XWindow)

Terminal (ASCII)

UNIX host (TCP)

VMS host (LAT)

Central Office

LANs and WANs

On LANs, terminal services support TCP/IP on UNIX machines with Telnet and rlogin connections, IBM machines with TN3270 connections, and Digital machines with LAT connections. You can use the access servers protocol translation services to make connections between hosts and resources running different protocols including access server connections to X.25 machines using X.25 PAD. Telecommuting services support WAN connectivity with ARA, SLIP, PPP, or XRemote. Other WAN services include dial-on-demand routing (DDR) of IP and IPX, X.25, Frame Relay, and SMDS. Full IP and Novell IPX routing services are also supported. Communication and access servers are network-compatible with routers, which you can use to extend your network to any size you need.

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Security Features
Full network access control features help to ensure system security and efciency. Security features provide restrictions to resources on the network. The network manager can specify access lists to permit and deny users access to internetworked computers. A username and password-pair authentication scheme is also supported.

Terminal Services
Access servers provide terminal-to-host connectivity using virtual terminal protocols including Telnet, LAT, TN3270, rlogin, and X.25 PAD (X.25 PAD connections can be made with the ASM-CS only). Modems can be congured for rotary connections so that users automatically connect to the next available modem. A host can also connect directly to an access server. In IBM environments, TN3270 allows a standard ASCII terminal to emulate a 3278 terminal and access an IBM host across an IP network. In Digital environments, LAT support provides a terminal with connections to VMS hosts. X.25 PAD allows terminals to connect directly to an X.25 host over an X.25 network through the communication or access server. X.25 PAD eliminates the need for a separate PAD device. This connection requires a synchronous serial interface. Figure 1-2 illustrates terminal-to-host connections using an access server.

Figure 1-2

Terminal-to-Host Connectivity
PC acting as a dumb terminal

Desktop NCD terminal

Access server Dumb terminal

Modem

Modem
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UNIX Host

Telecommuting
Using ARA, SLIP, or PPP, PC users can run TCP/IP applications and services including Telnet, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) over serial lines. The user gets remote connectivity with the same functionality as a PC attached to a local network. Another telecommuting option is to use the XRemote protocol over asynchronous lines. The access server provides network functionality to remote X terminals. Figure 1-3 illustrates an XRemote connection using an access server. See the chapter Conguring XRemote in the Access and Communication Servers Conguration Guide for additional possible XRemote congurations.
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Introduction

Figure 1-3

XRemote Connection

NCD X terminal running XRemote

Access server

UNIX Host (TCP/IP)

DEC VMS Host (LAT)

Figure 1-4 shows a generic telecommuting connection.

Figure 1-4
AppleShare server

Telecommuting Connection
UNIX mail server AppleShare Server

Access server

Modem

Modem

Modem

Modem

Macintosh

PC (Windows '95)

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Remote Access Routing

Access servers support full routing functionality, which enables them to determine the most efcient path for sending data packets to a destination address outside the local network. The access server gathers and maintains routing information to enable the transmission and receipt of such data packets. Routing information takes the form of entries in a routing table, with one entry for each identied route. The access server can create and maintain the routing table dynamically to accommodate network-conguration changes when they occur. Access servers allow you to route IP and IPX packets over synchronous and asynchronous lines. Dial-on-demand routing (DDR) of IP and IPX packets is supported. A key feature of asynchronous routing is its ability to provide low-cost operation over normal dial-up telephone networks. The servers routing capabilities provide remote home and sales ofces with cost-effective access to a central site. For example, trafc from PCs and UNIX workstations can be routed through the access server, eliminating multiple phone lines and modems. Routing over asynchronous lines also provides signicant phone-line savings for small ofces by allowing dial-up telephone lines to be used rather than more costly leased lines. All of the IP and IPX routing protocols and special features that are implemented on our routers are available on your access server. Routing protocols include Internet Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced Internet Gateway Routing Protocol (Enhanced IGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), Gateway Discovery protocol (GDP), and ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP). Special routing features include route ltering, priority queuing, access lists, and more. Figure 1-5 illustrates an IP routing conguration using access servers. In this conguration, the host is connected to an Ethernet and forms a routing connection with access servers at remote sites.

Figure 1-5

Asynchronous Remote Access Routing Connectivity

Remote Site

Remote Site

Modem

Host

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Central Site

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Supported Protocols

Protocol Translation
Access servers translate virtual terminal protocols to allow communication between devices running different protocols. Protocol translation supports Telnet (TCP), LAT, and X.25. One-step protocol translation software performs bidirectional translation between any of the following protocols:

X.25 and TCP (on the ASM-CS) X.25 and LAT (on the ASM-CS) LAT and TCP

Figure 1-6 illustrates LAT-to-TCP protocol translation.

Figure 1-6

LAT-to-TCP Protocol Translation

LAT device LAT-A Network A LAT Telnet

TCP device TCP-A

Access server with protocol translation

Connecting to IBM hosts from LAT, Telnet, rlogin, and X.25 PAD environments is accomplished with a two-step translation process. In other words, users must rst establish a connection with the access server, then use the TN3270 facility to make a connection to the IBM host.

Supported Protocols
A user can dial in and use a port for any of the following types of connections:

Telnet and rlogin. LATLocal Area Transport (LAT) protocol, Digitals proprietary terminal connection protocol used with Digital minicomputers. TN3270IBM 3278 terminal emulation provides TN3270-based connectivity to IBM hosts over serial lines. ARAAppleTalk Remote Access (ARA) provides access to Macintosh computers on remote AppleTalk networks over standard telephone lines. SLIP and PPP connections to a single PCSLIP and PPP are inexpensive ways of connecting a workstation to a network using asynchronous dial-up modems. XRemoteThe Network Computing Devices Inc. XRemote terminal facility allows for remote X Window operation. X.25 (ASM-CS and Cisco 2500 only)X.25 specication permits cost-effective, as-needed access to major public networks in the United States and Europe.

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Supported Interfaces and Connections

Frame Relay (ASM-CS and Cisco 2500 only)Permits routing of IP and IPX trafc across major public networks in the United States and Europe. SMDS (ASM-CS and Cisco 2500 only)Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) specication provides access through an SDSU (an SMDS CSU/DSU [Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit]) to WANs using DS-1 or DS-3 high-speed transmission facilities. TCP/IP, IPX, and AppleTalk remote access routingTCP/IP is the most widely implemented protocol suite on networks of all media types. TCP/IP is todays standard for internetworking and is supported by most computer vendors, including all UNIX-based workstation manufacturers. Our implementation of IPX provides the functionality of Novells IPX. AppleTalk routing provides access to services on remote Macintosh-based computer networks.

This range of functionality is possible because multiple roles can be assigned to each asynchronous interface. Each asynchronous line can be used as a network interface for IP routing some of the time, as a source of data for terminal-server communications (using Telnet, LAT, rlogin, and so forth), for protocol translation, and for telecommuting (using XRemote, SLIP, and PPP).

Supported Interfaces and Connections

Access servers handle multiple device interfaces. Asynchronous RS-232 serial lines are aggregated onto a high-speed network interface. ASCII terminals, modems, printers, and host serial ports are among the devices that you can connect to access servers. Our access server platforms provide a number of methods to connect serial devices, including RJ-11, RJ-45, and 50-pin Telco connectors. The ASM-CS supports Telco and RJ-11 connectors. The Cisco 2500 Series supports RJ-45 connectors on octopus cable adapters that attach to high-density D-type connectors on the rear panel of the Cisco 2500. The network interfaces for access servers provide easy connectivity. The network interface is typically Ethernet, but can also be synchronous serial lines and Token Rings (ASM-CS and Cisco 2500 series only). Using access servers, any RS-232-compatible device, serial laser printer, lm recorder, plotter, and so on, can become a shared resource to your organization over a local network.

Supported Platforms
Part of the power and exibility of your access server results from the range of possible physical conguration options. You can choose from single-board systems, or card-based chassis congurations that offer processor, back-panel connector mountings, and communications interfaces best suited to their network. The following access server models are available:

The ASM-CS is built on the 9-slot A chassis and can support from 16 to 112 asynchronous lines. Network interfaces include synchronous serial, Ethernet, or Token Ring. The ASM-CS offers a choice of an MC68020 microprocessor with 4 megabytes (MB) of memory or an MC68040 microprocessor with 16 MB of memory. The Cisco 2500 series can support 8 or 16 asynchronous ports at speeds up to 115,200 bps. Network interfaces include synchronous serial, Ethernet, or Token Ring. The standard 2 MB of memory can be expanded to 4 or 16 MB. The Cisco 2500 Series is based on the 20 megahertz (MHz) MC60830 processor.

All our access servers contain onboard RAM, system ROM holding all operating system software, bootstrap software, and diagnostic software.

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Supported Platforms

Our systems also include nonvolatile memory that retains conguration information despite power losses or system reboots. With the nonvolatile memory option, the terminal and network servers do not rely on other network servers for conguration and boot service information.

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