CHAPTER NO.
19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&
0341 6623062
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
& 0341 6623062
Q.19.01 When the chlorine atom m of mass number 35 and charge number 17 is
b ombard by photon the resulting atom disintegrates emitting and a particle ,
write the equation representing the reaction.
SOLUTION : Mass number of chlorine Cl = A = 35 , Charge number of Cl = Z = 35
The equation will be
35
32
+1p1
+ 24
17 Cl
16 X
But from periodic table the element with Z = 16 and A = 32 is Sapher with
symbol S. Hence the required equation is given by
17
Cl 35 + 1 p 1
16
X 32 +
Q.19.02 The half life of Radon is 3.80 days what would be its decay constant?
T
2
SOLUTION : -
3.80 days ,
T
2
= ?
0.693
T
= 3.80 days,= 3.80243600
2
0.693
3. 8 0 24 3600
0.693
328320
=
=
0.00000211
2 . 11 10 6 S 1
2
0.693
T
2
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&
0341 6623062
Q. 19. 03 The atomic weight of Bromine is 79.938 u and it is composed of two
isotopes of mass 78.943 u and 80.942 u compute the percentage of each
isotopes.
SOLUTION : Atomic weight of Br = 79.938 u , Atomic weight of Br 1 = 78.943 u
Atomic weight of Br 2 = 80.942 u
No of Br atom =
X = 100 , No of Br1 atom = X 1 = ?
No of Br2 atom = X 2 = 100 X 1
78.943 X 1 + [100 X 1 ] 80.942 = 79.938 100
78.943 X 1 80.942 X 1 + 100 80.942 = 79.938 100
[ 78.943 80.942 ] X 1 + 8094.2
= 7993.8
1.999 X 1 = 7993.8 8094.2
1.999 X 1
100.4
1.999 X 1
100.4
X1
100 . 4
1 . 999
= 50.22 %
X 2 = 100 X 1
X 2 = 100 50.22 = 49. 78
Q . 19. 04 The half life of 100 Po 210 is 140 days by what percent does its activity
d decreases per week ?
SOLUTION : -
T
2
140 days = 20 weeks
= ?
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&
0341 6623062
0.693
0.693
=
=
T
140
2
Now we can find rate of decay.
% =
% =
0.693
100
140
0.693
100 = 3.465 %
20
Q.19. [Link] a neutron be entirely converted in to energy how much energy would
be produced ? Express your answer in joules as well as electron volt.
SOLUTION : Mass of neutron = m = 1. 67 10 27 kg.
Speed of light = c = 3 10 8 m / sec.
E = m c2
According to mass energy equation.
E = 1. 67 10 27 [ 3 10 8 ] 2
E = 1. 67 10 27 9 10 16
E = 15 . 03 10 11 joules
1.6 10 19 joules = 1 e V
1 joules =
11
15.0310
1
1 . 6 10
11
1 15.03 10
j=
- 19
1 . 6 10
- 19
eV
= 937.5 10 6 e V
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&
Q . 19. 06 Find the binding energy
Given : m p = 1.0078 u , m
lu
52
Te
0341 6623062
126
= 1.0086 u ,
Te
125.9033 u
931.51 10 6 e V
SOLUTION : Mass of proton = m p = 1.0078 u , Mass of neutron = m n= 1.0086 u
Mass of T = m Te = 125.9033 u ,
lu
931.51 M e V
Binding energy = B.E = ?
Number of proton in Te = 52 , Number of proton and neutron in Te = 126
Number of neutron in Te = 126 52 = 74
Total mass of proton =
m p = 52 1.0078
Total mass of neutron in m
= 74 1.0078 = 74. 6364 u
Loss of mass of Te = m p + m
m Te = 52.0456 + 74. 6364
125.9
= 1.1387 u
Binding energy
1.1387 931.5
= 1060.69 M e V.
Q.19.07 If the number of atoms per gram of Ra is 2.666 10 and it decays
with a half life of 1622 years. Find the decay constant and the activity of the
sample .
SOLUTION : - Number of atom per gram in Ra = N = 2.666 10 21
T
1
2
1622 years = 1622 365 24 60 60 = 5.11 10 10 s
= ? ,
Activity = ?
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&
T
2
0.693
activity = N
Since the mass is decreasing then
1.355 10 11 S 1
5. 11 10 10
0.693
T
2
0.693
T
2
0.693
OR
0341 6623062
1 . 355 10 11 2.666 1021
3. 612 1010 S 1
Q.19.08 What will be the maximum energy of the electron in the beta decay of
3
1H through the reaction.
1
H3 +1p1
He 3 + - + -
SOLUTION : Mass of 1 H 3 = 3.01605
m
3.01605 3.01603 = 0 . 00002
Hence
Mass of 2 He 3 = 3.01603
= m 931
= 0 . 00002
3.01605
931
Q.19.09 Find the Q value for the nuclear reaction ?
1
H2
H2
SOLUTION : 6
H3
0.0186 M e V
CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
Mass of 1 H
= 1.007365
ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
Mass of
Total initial mass = 3.023395 u , Final mass of
H
2
& 0341 6623062
= 2.014733
He 3 = 3.03337053 u
Change of mass = m = 3.2395 3.033330553 = 0 . 009935553
Q
Q
m C2
= 0 . 009935553 931
9.25 M e V
Q.19.10 Find the energy released when two deuterium ( 1 H 3 ) nuclei fuse
together to form an alpha particle ( 1 H 4 )
1
H2
H2
He 4 + Q
SOLUTION : Mass of 1 H 2 = 2.01473 u
Initial mass = 2 [ 2.014735 ] = 4. 029470 u , Final mass = 4.0026 u
Change of mass
= m = 4. 029470 4.0026 = 0 . 02687
Q
m C2
0 . 02687 931
25 . 016 M e V
