X100/301

NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2008 TUESDAY, 20 MAY 9.00 AM 10.30 AM

MATHEMATICS
HIGHER
Paper 1 (Non-calculator)

Read carefully Calculators may NOT be used in this paper. Section A Questions 120 (40 marks) Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. Section B (30 marks) 1 2 Full credit will be given only where the solution contains appropriate working. Answers obtained by readings from scale drawings will not receive any credit.

LI X100/301 6/27670

!"#$$%&$#!

Read carefully 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Mathematics Higher (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Number) and Centre Name printed on it. Do not change any of these details. 4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line in the space provided (see sample question below). 7 There is only one correct answer to each question. 8 Rough working should not be done on your answer sheet. 9 At the end of the exam, put the answer sheet for Section A inside the front cover of your answer book. Sample Question A curve has equation y = x3 4x. What is the gradient at the point where x = 2? A B C 8 1 0

D 4 The correct answer is A8. The answer A has been clearly marked in pencil with a horizontal line (see below). A B C D

Changing an answer If you decide to change your answer, carefully erase your first answer and using your pencil, fill in the answer you want. The answer below has been changed to D. A B C D

[X100/301]

Page two

FORMULAE LIST Circle: The equation x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle centre (g, f) and radius The equation (x a)2 + (y b)2 = r2 represents a circle centre (a, b) and radius r.
g2 + f 2 c .

Scalar Product: or

a.b = | a| |b | cos , where is the angle between a and b a1 a.b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 where a = a2 a3 b1 and b = b2 . b3

Trigonometric formulae:

sin (A B) cos (A B) sin 2A cos 2A

= sin A cos B cos A sin B = cos A cos B sin A sin B = 2sin A cos A = cos2 A sin2 A = 2cos2 A 1 = 1 2sin2 A

Table of standard derivatives:

f (x) f ( x)

sin ax

a cos ax

cos ax a sin ax

Table of standard integrals:

f (x)

f (x) dx
1 cos ax + C a 1 a sin ax + C

sin ax

cos ax

[Turn over

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Page three

SECTION A ALL questions should be attempted.

1.

A sequence is defined by the recurrence relation un+1 = 0.3un + 6 with u10 = 10. What is the value of u12? A B C D 6.6 7.8 8.7 9.6

2.

The x-axis is a tangent to a circle with centre (7, 6) as shown in the diagram. y

C(7, 6)

O What is the equation of the circle? A B C D (x + 7)2 + (y 6)2 = 1 (x + 7)2 + (y 6)2 = 49 (x 7)2 + (y + 6)2 = 36 (x + 7)2 + (y 6)2 = 36

ak 1 3. a The vectors u = 1 2 a 1 3

a 0 1 and v = a 4 2 are perpendicular. a k 3

What is the value of k? A B C D 0 3 4 5 Page four

[X100/301]

4.

A sequence is generated by the recurrence relation un+1 = 0.4un 240. What is the limit of this sequence as n ? A B C D 800 400 200 400

5.

The diagram shows a circle, centre (2, 5) and a tangent drawn at the point (7, 9). What is the equation of this tangent? y (7, 9) O (2, 5) x

y 9 = 5 (x 7) 4
4 y + 9 = (x + 7) 5

B C D

y7= y+9=

4 (x 9) 5

5 (x + 7) 4

[Turn over

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Page five

6.

What is the solution of the equation 2 sin x 3 = 0 where A B C D

x ? 2

6
2 3 3 4 5 6

7.

The diagram shows a line L; the angle between L and the positive direction of the x-axis is 135, as shown. y

L 135 O x

What is the gradient of line L?

A B C D 11 22 3 2

11 1 1 2 2

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Page six

8.

The diagram shows part of the graph of a function with equation y = f(x). y (0, 4)

O (3, 3)

Which of the following diagrams shows the graph with equation y = f(x 2)? A y (2, 4) O

x (5, 3)

y (1, 3) O (2, 4) x

y (3, 5)

O (0, 2) D y

(5, 3) O (2, 4) x

[X100/301]

Page seven

[Turn over

9.

Given that 0 a and sin a = 3 , find an expression for sin(x + a). 2 5 3 A sin x + 5 B C D 4 3 sin x + cos x 5 5 3 4 sin x cos x 5 5 2 3 sin x cos x 5 5

10.

Here are two statements about the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0: (1) the roots are equal; (2) the roots are real. Which of the following is true? A B C D Neither statement is correct. Only statement (1) is correct. Only statement (2) is correct. Both statements are correct.

11.

E(2, 1, 4), P(1, 5, 7) and F(7, 17, 13) are three collinear points. P lies between E and F. What is the ratio in which P divides EF? A B C D 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:6

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Page eight

12.

In the diagram RSTU, VWXY represents a cuboid. ! SR represents vector f, ST represents vector g and SW represents vector h. Express VT in terms of f, g and h. Y V W h g T X

U R f VT = f + g + h VT = f g + h VT = f + g h VT = f g + h S

A B C D

13.

The diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function y = f(x). The graph has an equation of the form y = k(x a)(x b). y 12 y = f(x)

O 1

What is the equation of the graph? A B C D y = 3(x 1)(x 4) y = 3(x + 1)(x + 4) y = 12(x 1)(x 4) y = 12(x + 1)(x + 4) Page nine [Turn over

[X100/301]

14.

Find

A B C D

4cos (2x + 3) + c

4 sin (2x + 3) dx.

2cos (2x + 3) + c 4cos (2x + 3) + c 8cos (2x + 3) + c

15.

What is the derivative of (x3 + 4)2? A B C D (3x2 + 4)2

1 3 (x + 4)3 3

6x2(x3 + 4) 2(3x2 + 4)1

16.

2x2 + 4x + 7 is expressed in the form 2(x + p)2 + q. What is the value of q? A B C 5 7 9

D 11

17.

2 A function f is given by f(x) = 9 x .

What is a suitable domain of f ? A B C D x3 x3 3 x 3 9 x 9

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Page ten

18.

Vectors p and q are such that |p| = 3, |q| = 4 and p.q = 10. Find the value of q.(p + q). A B C 0 14 26

D 28

19.

The diagram shows part of the graph whose equation is of the form y = 2mx. What is the value of m? y (3, 54)

O A B C 2 3 8

D 18

20.

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = log3(x 4). The point (q, 2) lies on the graph. y (q, 2) y = log3(x 4) (5, 0) O x

What is the value of q? A B C 6 7 8 [END OF SECTION A] [X100/301] Page eleven [Turn over for Section B on Page twelve

D 13

SECTION B ALL questions should be attempted. Marks

21.

A function f is defined on the set of real numbers by f(x) = x3 3x + 2. (a) Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = f(x) and determine their nature. (b) (i) Show that (x 1) is a factor of x3 3x + 2. (ii) Hence or otherwise factorise x3 3x + 2 fully. (c) State the coordinates of the points where the curve with equation y = f(x) meets both the axes and hence sketch the curve. 5 4 6

22.

The diagram shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = x3 6x2 + 8x. (a) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve where the gradient of the tangent is 1. (b) The line y = 4 x is a tangent to this curve at a point A. Find the coordinates of A.

y y = x3 6x2 + 8x O 5

23.

Functions f, g and h are defined on suitable domains by f(x) = x2 x + 10, g(x) = 5 x and h(x) = log2 x. (a) Find expressions for h(f(x)) and h(g(x)). (b) Hence solve h(f(x)) h(g(x)) = 3. 3 5

[END OF SECTION B] [END OF QUESTION PAPER]

[X100/301]

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X100/302
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2008 TUESDAY, 20 MAY 10.50 AM 12.00 NOON

MATHEMATICS
HIGHER
Paper 2

Read Carefully 1 2 3 Calculators may be used in this paper. Full credit will be given only where the solution contains appropriate working. Answers obtained by readings from scale drawings will not receive any credit.

LB X100/302 6/27670

!"#$$%&$'!

FORMULAE LIST Circle: The equation x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle centre (g, f) and radius The equation (x a)2 + (y b)2 = r2 represents a circle centre (a, b) and radius r.
g2 + f 2 c .

Scalar Product: or

a.b = | a| |b | cos , where is the angle between a and b a1 a.b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 where a = a2 a3 b1 and b = b2 . b3

Trigonometric formulae:

sin (A B) cos (A B) sin 2A cos 2A

= sin A cos B cos A sin B = cos A cos B sin A sin B = 2sin A cos A = cos2 A sin2 A = 2cos2 A 1 = 1 2sin2 A

Table of standard derivatives:

f (x) f ( x)

sin ax

a cos ax

cos ax a sin ax

Table of standard integrals:

f (x)

f (x) dx
1 cos ax + C a 1 a sin ax + C

sin ax

cos ax

[X100/302]

Page two

ALL questions should be attempted.

Marks

1.

The vertices of triangle ABC are A(7, 9), B(3, 1) and C(5, 5) as shown in the diagram. The broken line represents the perpendicular bisector of BC. (a) Show that the equation of the perpendicular bisector of BC is y = 2x 5. (b) Find the equation of the median from C. (c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisector of BC and the median from C. B

4 O x 3 C 3

2.

The diagram shows OABC, DEFG. F is the point (8, 4, 6).

cuboid z D Q C O A x P B G E

y F(8, 4, 6)

P divides AE in the ratio 2:1. Q is the midpoint of CG. (a) State the coordinates of P and Q. (b) Write down the components of PQ and PA. (c) Find the size of angle QPA.

2 2 5

[Turn over

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Marks 3. (a) (i) Diagram 1 shows part of the graph of y = f(x),where f(x) = pcos x. Write down the value of p. Diagram 1 O 7 (ii) Diagram 2 shows part of the graph of y = g(x), where g(x) = qsin x. Write down the value of q. x y 7

y 3 Diagram 2 O 3 2 x 2

(b) Write f(x) + g(x) in the form kcos (x + a) where k > 0 and 0 < a < . 2
(c) Hence find f (x) + g (x) as a single trigonometric expression.

4 2

4.

(a) Write down the centre and calculate the radius of the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y 38 = 0. (b) A second circle has equation (x 4) + (y 6) = 26. Find the distance between the centres of these two circles and hence show that the circles intersect. (c) The line with equation y = 4 x is a common chord passing through the points of intersection of the two circles. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the two circles.
2 2

5.

Solve the equation cos 2x + 2sin x = sin2 x in the interval 0 x < 360.

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Marks 6. In the diagram, Q lies on the line joining (0, 6) and (3, 0). OPQR is a rectangle, where P and R lie on the axes and OR = t. (a) Show that QR = 6 2t. (b) Find the coordinates of Q for which the rectangle has a maximum area. P O t Q R 3 x 3 y 6

7.

The parabola shown in the diagram has equation y = 32 2x2. The shaded area lies between the lines y = 14 and y = 24. Calculate the shaded area.

y = 24 y = 14 O x 8

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

[X100/302]

Page five

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2008 Mathematics Higher Paper 1 and Paper 2 Finalised Marking Instructions

! Scottish Qualifications Authority 2008 The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained from the Assessment Materials Team, Dalkeith. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the centres responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance. SQAs Assessment Materials Team at Dalkeith may be able to direct you to the secondary sources. These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced for commercial or trade purposes.

Mathematics Higher: Instructions to Markers

1.

Marks must be assigned in accordance with these marking instructions. In principle, marks are awarded for what is correct, rather than marks deducted for what is wrong.

2.

Award one mark for each bullet point. Each error should be underlined in RED at the point in the working where it first occurs, and not at any subsequent stage of the working.

3.

The working subsequent to an error must be followed through by the marker with possible full marks for the subsequent working, provided that the difficulty involved is approximately similar. Where, subsequent to an error, the working is eased, a deduction(s) of mark(s) should be made. This may happen where a question is divided into parts. In fact, failure to even answer an earlier section does not preclude a candidate from assuming the result of that section and obtaining full marks for a later section.

4.

Correct working should be ticked (! ). This is essential for later stages of the SQA procedures. Where working subsequent to an error(s) is correct and scores marks, it should be marked with a crossed tick ( or X! ). In appropriate cases attention may be directed to work which is not quite correct (e.g. bad form) but which has not been penalised, by underlining with a dotted or wavy line. Work which is correct but inadequate to score any marks should be corrected with a double cross tick ( ).

5.

The total mark for each section of a question should be entered in red in the outer right hand margin, opposite the end of the working concerned. Only the mark should be written, not a fraction of the possible marks. These marks should correspond to those on the question paper and these instructions.

6.

It is of great importance that the utmost care should be exercised in adding up the marks. Where appropriate, all summations for totals and grand totals must be carefully checked. Where a candidate has scored zero marks for any question attempted, 0 should be shown against the answer.

7.

As indicated on the front of the question paper, full credit should only be given where the solution contains appropriate working. Accept answers arrived at by inspection or mentally where it is possible for the answer so to have been obtained. Situations where you may accept such working will normally be indicated in the marking instructions.

8.

Do not penalise: working subsequent to a correct answer legitimate variations in numerical answers correct working in the wrong part of a question
2

omission of units bad form

Mathematics Higher: Instructions to Markers

9.

No piece of work should be scored through without careful checking - even where a fundamental misunderstanding is apparent early in the answer. Reference should always be made to the marking scheme - answers which are widely off-beam are unlikely to include anything of relevance but in the vast majority of cases candidates still have the opportunity of gaining the odd mark or two provided it satisfies the criteria for the mark(s).

10. If in doubt between two marks, give an intermediate mark, but without fractions. When in doubt between consecutive numbers, give the higher mark. 11. In cases of difficulty covered neither in detail nor in principle in the Instructions, attention may be directed to the assessment of particular answers by making a referal to the P.A. Please see the general instructions for P.A. referrals. 12. No marks should be deducted at this stage for careless or badly arranged work. In cases where the writing or arrangement is very bad, a note may be made on the upper left-hand corner of the front cover of the script. 13 Transcription errors: In general, as a consequence of a transcription error, candidates lose the opportunity of gaining either the first ic mark or the first pr mark. 14 Casual errors: In general, as a consequence of a casual error, candidates lose the opportunity of gaining the appropriate ic mark or pr mark. 15 Do not write any comments on the scripts. A revised summary of acceptable notation is given on page 4. 16 Throughout this paper, unless specifically mentioned, a correct answer with no working receives no credit.

Summary Throughout the examination procedures many scripts are remarked. It is essential that markers follow common procedures: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tick correct working. Put a mark in the outer right-hand margin to match the marks allocations on the question paper. Do not write marks as fractions. Put each mark at the end of the candidates response to the question. Follow through errors to see if candidates can score marks subsequent to the error. Do not write any comments on the scripts.
3

Mathematics Higher: Instructions to Markers

Higher Mathematics : A Guide to Standard Signs and Abbreviations Remember - No comments on the scripts. Please use the following and nothing else. Signs
The tick. You are not expected to tick every line but of course you must check through the whole of a response. Bullets showing where marks are being allotted may be shown on scripts
margins
dy dx

= 4x 7

The cross and underline. Underline an error and place a cross at the end of the line.

4x 7 = 0 x=7 4 y = 37 8
C = (1, 1) m= mrad 3 (1) 4 1 =4 3 1
4 3

The tick-cross. Use this to show correct work where you are following through subsequent to an error.

mtgt =

3 x 2 y 3 =4 ( )

3 mtgt = 4

The roof. Use this to show something is missing such as a crucial step in a proof or a 'condition' etc.

x 2 3x = 28 x =7

The tilde. Use this to indicate a minor transgression which is not being penalised (such as bad form).

sin(x ) = 0.75 = inv sin(0.75) = 48.6

The double cross-tick. Use this to show correct work but which is inadequate to score any marks. This may happen when working has been eased.

Remember - No comments on the scripts. No abreviations. No new signs. Please use the above and nothing else. All of these are to help us be more consistent and accurate. Note: There is no such thing as a transcription error, a trivial error, a casual error or an insignificant error. These are all mistakes and as a consequence a mark is lost. Page 5 lists the syllabus coding for each topic. This information is given in the legend underneath the question. The calculator classification is CN(calculator neutral), CR(calculator required) and NC(non-calculator).
4

2 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14

UNIT 1

2 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20

UNIT 2

2 A28 A29 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34

UNIT 3

determine range/domain recognise general features of graphs:poly,exp,log sketch and annotate related functions obtain a formula for composite function complete the square interpret equations and expressions determine function(poly,exp,log) from graph & vv sketch/annotate graph given critical features interpret loci such as st.lines,para,poly,circle use the notation un for the nth term evaluate successive terms of a RR decide when RR has limit/interpret limit evaluate limit apply A10-A14 to problems

use the general equation of a parabola solve a quadratic inequality find nature of roots of a quadratic given nature of roots, find a condition on coeffs form an equation with given roots apply A15-A19 to solve problems

use the laws of logs to simplify/find equiv. expression sketch associated graphs kt solve equs of the form A = Be for A,B,k or t solve equs of the form logb(a) = c for a,b or c solve equations involving logarithms n x use relationships of the form y = ax or y = ab apply A28-A33 to problems

Year

A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27

use Rem Th. For values, factors, roots solve cubic and quartic equations find intersection of line and polynomial find if line is tangent to polynomial find intersection of two polynomials confiirm and improve on approx roots apply A21-A26 to problems

G16 G17 G18 G19 G20 G21 G22 G23 G24

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 T1

use the distance formula find gradient from 2 pts,/angle/equ. of line find equation of a line interpret all equations of a line use property of perpendicular lines calculate mid-point find equation of median, altitude,perp. bisector apply G1-G7 to problems eg intersect.,concur.,collin. differentiate sums, differences differentiate negative & fractional powers express in differentiable form and differentiate find gradient at point on curve & vv find equation of tangent to a polynomial/trig curve find rate of change find when curve strictly increasing etc find stationary points/values determinenature of stationary points sketch curvegiven the equation apply C1-C10 to problems eg optimise, greatest/least use gen. features of graphs of f(x)=ksin(ax+b), f(x)=kcos(ax+b); identify period/amplitude use radians inc conversion from degrees & vv know and use exact values recognise form of trig. function from graph interpret trig. equations and expressions apply T1-T5 to problems

G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14 G15

find C/R of a circle from its equation/other data find the equation of a circle find equation of a tangent to a circle find intersection of line & circle find if/when line is tangent to circle find if two circles touch apply G9-G14 to problems find integrals of pxn and sums/diffs integrate with negative & fractional powers express in integrable form and integrate evaluate definite integrals find area between curve and x-axis find area between two curves solve differential equations(variables separable) apply C12-C18 to problems

G25 G26 G27 G28 G29 G30

calculate the length of a vector calculate the 3rd given two from A,B and vector AB use unit vectors use: if u, v are parallel then v = ku add, subtract, find scalar mult. of vectors simplify vector pathways interpret 2D sketches of 3D situations find if 3 points in space are collinear find ratio which one point divides two others given a ratio, find/interpret 3rd point/vector calculate the scalar product use: if u, v are perpendicular then v.u=0 calculate the angle between two vectors use the distributive law apply G16-G29 to problems eg geometry probs.

C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19

C20 C21 C22 C23 C24

differentiate psin(ax+b), pcos(ax+b) differentiate using the chain rule n integrate (ax + b) integrate psin(ax+b), pcos(ax+b) apply C20-C23 to problems

T7 T8

T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

T9 T10 T11

solve linear & quadratic equations in radians apply compound and double angle (c & da) formulae in numerical & literal cases apply c & da formulae in geometrical cases use c & da formulaewhen solving equations apply T7-T10 to problems

T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17

solve sim.equs of form kcos(a)=p, ksin(a)=q express pcos(x)+qsin(x) in form kcos(xa)etc find max/min/zeros of pcos(x)+qsin(x) sketch graph of y=pcos(x)+qsin(x) solve equ of the form y=pcos(rx)+qsin(rx) apply T12-T16 to problems

page 5

2008 Higher Mathematics Paper 1 Section A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C D C B A B C D B A B C A B C A C C B D

page 6

2008 Marking Scheme v13

1.21

QU

part

mk

code

calc

source

ss

pd

ic

U1

U2

U3

1.21

a b c

6 C8,C9 5 A21,A22 4 C10

NC

1 1

3 3

2 1 4

6 5 2

6 5 2 4
y
Solution to part (c)

A function f is defined on the set of real numbers by f (x ) = x 3 ! 3x + 2. (a ) Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = f (x ) and determine their nature. (b) (i) (ii) Show that (x ! 1) is a factor of x 3 ! 3x + 2. Hence or otherwise factorise x 3 ! 3x + 2 fully. 5 4
2 1

6
2

(c ) State the coordinates of the points where the curve with equation y = f (x ) meets both the axes and hence sketch the curve.

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9

ss pd pd pd ic ic ss pd ic pd

set derivative to zero differentiate solve evaluate y -coordinates justification state conclusions know to use x = 1 complete eval. & conclusion start to find quadratic factor complete quadratic factor factorise completely interpret y -intercept interpret x -intercepts sketch : showing turning points sketch : showing intercepts

1
2

f !(x ) = 0 3x 2 " 3 3 4 1 0
5

x y

"1 4

6 " " 1 0 + 1

"1 0

5 6

f!

max at x = "1 min at x = know to use x = 1 1 " 3 + 2 = 0 # x " 1 is a factor (x " 1)(x 2 ...) (x " 1)(x 2 + x " 2)

7 8
9

10

11 pd 12 ic 13 ic 14 ic 15 ic

10
11 12 13 14

(x " 1)(x " 1)(x + 2) stated explicitly (0, 2) ("2, 0), (1, 0) Sketch with turning pts marked Sketch with (0, 2) or (2,0)
Notes

15
Notes

Notes
1

1 The "=0" shown at must appear at least once before the 3 stage. 2 An unsimplified !1 should be penalised at the first occurrence. 3 is only available as a consequence of solving f !(x ) = 0. 4 The nature table must reflect previous working from 3 . 5 Candidates who introduce an extra solution at the 3 stage cannot earn 3 . 6 The use of the 2nd derivative is an acceptable strategy for . 7 As shown in the Primary Method, ( and ) and ( and ) can be marked in series or in parallel. 8 The working for (b) may appear in (a) or vice versa. Full marks are available wherever the working occurs.
3 4 5 6 5 3

9 In Primary method and alternative 9 , candidates must show some acknowledgement of the resulting "0". Although a statement wrt the zero is preferable, accept something as simple as "underlining the zero".

10 Evidence for 12 and 13 may not appear until the sketch. 1114 and 15 are only available for the graph of a cubic.
Nota Bene For candidates who omit the x 2 coeff. leading to 7 X

Alternative Method : 7 to 10

1 1 0 !3 2 7 1 1 0 !3 2 1 1 !2 1 1 !2 0 x2 + x ! 2

8 ! !
10 9

1 1 "3 2 1 "2 1 "2 0 f (1) = 0 so (x " 1) x 2 " 2x x(x " 1)(x " 2) x "2 (x " 1)(x " 2)

8
9

11 ! but 10 X 11 X

f (1) = 0 so (x ! 1) is a factor 10

page 7

2008 Marking Scheme v13

1.22

qu

part

mk

code

calc

source

ss

pd

ic

U1

U2

U3

1.22

a b

5 C4 2 C11

NC

2 1

3 1

5 2
y

5 2

The diagram shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = x 3 ! 6x 2 + 8x . (a ) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve where the gradient of the tangent is ! 1. (b) The line y = 4 ! x is a tangent to this curve at a point A. Find the coordinates of A. 2

y = x3 6x2 + 8x

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
2 3

ss pd ss pd pd ss ic

know to differentiate differentiate set derivative to ! 1 factorise and solve solve for y use gradient interpret result

1 2 3

dy = ..(1 term correct ) s / i by 2 dx 3x 2 ! 12x + 8 s / i by 3 3x 2 ! 12x + 8 = !1 4 5 3 !3

4 5
6

4
5

x y

1 3

6 y = 4 ! x has gradient = !1 7 check (3, !3) and reject check (1, 3) and accept
Notes

Common Error

in (a ) 1 ! 2 ! dy = ..(1 term correct ) dx 3x 2 " 12x + 8

Alternative for!6 and 7

1 2
3 4

dy = ..(1 term correct ) dx ! 3x 2 " 12x + 8 ! X 3x " 12x + 8 = 0 X irrespective of what is written. X
2

For candidates who now guess x = 1 dy and check that = "1, only dx one further mark (3 ) can be awarded. Guessing and checking further answers gains no more credit. An "=0" must appear at least once in the two lines shown in the alternative for 6 and 7 .

" $ x 3 ! 6x 2 + 8x = 4 ! x $ $ $ $ x 3 ! 6x 2 + 9x ! 4 = 0 $ # $ (x ! 1)(x 2 ! 5x + 4) $ $ $ $ (x ! 4)(x ! 1) $ % "repeated root implies $ $ # $ $ %tangent at (1, 3).

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NC 2 2

3 1

3 1 4

3 5

Functions f , g and h are defined on suitable domains by f (x ) = x 2 ! x + 10, g(x ) = 5 ! x and h(x ) = log2 x . (a ) Find expressions for h ( f (x )) and h (g(x )). (b) Hence solve h ( f (x )) ! h (g(x )) = 3 3 5

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1 2
3 4

ic ic ic ss ss pd pd ic

interpretation composition interpretation composition interpretation composition use log laws convert to exponential form process conversion express in standard form find valid solutions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

h ( f (x )) = h (x 2 ! x + 10) s / i by 2 log2 (x 2 ! x + 10) log2 (5 ! x ) " x 2 ! x + 10 % ' $ ' log2 $ ' $ ' # 5!x & x 2 ! x + 10 = 23 5!x x 2 ! x + 10 = 8(5 ! x ) x 2 + 7x ! 30 = 0 x = 3, !10

6 7
8

Notes

Common Error 1

Common Error 3

In (a) 2 marks are available for finding one of h( f (x )) or h(g(x )) and the third mark is for the other. Treat log2x 2 ! x + 10 and log2 5 ! x as bad form. The omission of the base should not be penalised in 2 to 4 . 7 is only available for a quadratic equation and must be the followthrough solutions.
8

4 5 6 7 8

X ! X X X

log2 (x 2 + 5) = 3 x 2 + 5 = 23 x2 = 3 x = !3 not available

4
5

X ! X X X

not available log2 (x 2 " x + 10) " log2 (5 " x ) = log2 8 x 2 " x + 10 " (5 " x ) = 8 not available not available

2 3 4

6
7

Common Error 2

# x 2 " x + 10 & ( % ( log2 % ( % $ 5"x ( ' # x 2 " x + 10 & ( % ( log2 % ( % ( % $ ' 5 "x log2 (x 2 + 2) = 3 x 2 + 2 = 23 x = !6 not available not available

5 6 7 8

X! X X X

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CN CN CN

2 1 1

1 2

2 1

4 3 3
y

4 3 3
A

The vertices of triangle ABC are A(7, 9), B(3, 1) and C(5, 5) as shown in the diagram. The broken line represents the perpendicular bisector of BC. (a ) Show that the equation of the perpendicular bisector of BC is y = 2x ! 5. (b) Find the equation of the median from C. (c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisector of BC and the median from C. 4 3 3
B

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
2

ss ic ss ic ss pd ic ss pd

know and find gradient interpret perpendicular gradient know and find midpoint complete proof know and find midpoint calculate gradient state equation start to solve sim. equations find one variable find other variable

1 2 3
4 5 6

mBC = ! m" = 2

1 2

stated explicitly stated / implied by 4

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

midpoint of BC = (1, 3) y + 3 = 2(x ! 1) and complete midpoint of AB = (2,4) mmedian = !3 y + 5 = !3(x ! 5) or y ! 4 = !3(x ! 2) use y = 2x ! 5 y = !3x + 10 x =3 y =1
Follow - throughs

7 8

10 pd

9
10

Notes In (a) 1 is only available as a consequence of

4

Notes

In (b) 5
6

attempting to find and use both a perpendicular gradient and a midpoint. 2 To gain 4 some evidence of completion needs to be shown. The minimum requirements for this evidence is as shown: y + 3 = 2(x ! 1) y + 3 = 2x ! 2 y = 2x ! 5
4 is only available for completion to

is only available as a consequence of finding the gradient via a midpoint. For candidates who find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, only is available.
5

Note that from an incorrect equation in (b), full marks are still available in (c). Please follow-through carefully.
Cave

In (c) 7 8 is a strategy mark for juxtaposing the two correctly rearranged equations.

Candidates who find the median, angle bisector or altitude need to show the triangle is isosceles to gain full marks in (a). For those candidates who do not justify the isosceles triangle, marks may be allocated as shown below: Altitude Median 1
2

! ! X X

! X ! X

y = 2x ! 5 and nothing else. 4 Alternative for 4 : 4 may be obtained by using y = mx + c

3
4

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a b c

2 G25 2 G25 5 G28

CN CN CR

8202 1 1 4

2 1

2 2 5
z

2 2 5
y

The diagram shows a cuboid OABC,DEFG. F is the point (8, 4, 6). P divides AE in the ratio 2:1. Q is the midpoint of CG. (a ) State the coordinates of P and Q. !!! " !!! " (b) Write down the components of PQ and PA. (c ) Find the size of angle QPA. 2 2 5

G E Q P

F(8, 4, 6)

C O A
x

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
2 3 4

ic ic pd ic ss pd pd pd pd

interpret ratio interpret ratio process vectors interpret diagram know to use scalar product find scalar product find magnitude of vector find magnitude of vector evaluate angle

1
2

P = (8, 0, 4) Q = (0, 4, 3) "!8% ' !!! " $ ' $ ' $ ' PQ = $ 4 ' $ ' ' $ $ ' ! 1 # ' & "0% !!! " $ ' $ ' ' $ PA = $ 0' ' $ ' ' $ $ ' #!4' &

5
6

7 8
9

6 7 8 9
Notes 1

!!! " !!! " PQ.PA cosQPA = !!! " !!! " stated / implied by 9 | PQ || PA | !!! " !!! " PQ.PA = 4 !!! " | PQ |= 81 !!! " | PA |= 16 836, 1.459 radians, 92.9 gradians
Alternative for 5 to 8

Exemplar 1

Treat coordinates written as column vectors as bad form. Treat column vectors written as coordinates as bad form. For candidates who do not attempt 9 , the formula quoted at 5 must relate to the labelling in order for 5 to be awarded.

2 3

correctly Candidates who evaluate POQ gain 4/5 marks in (c) (74 or 75)

! 0$ !!! " # & # & & & # 3 ,4 X , X OQ = # 4 & # & # & & # " 3& % !!! " !!! " OA.OQ 5 X cos AOQ = !!! " !!! " | OA || OQ | !!! " !!! " 6 ' OA.OQ = 0 !!! " 7 ' | OA |= 64 !!! " 8 ' | OQ |= 25 9 ' 90

!8$ !!! " # & # & & & # OA = # 0 & # & # & & # "0& %

5 6 7 8

cosQPA = !!! " | PA |= 16 !!! " | PQ |= 81 !!! " | QA |= 89

PA2 +PQ2 QA2 2PA ! PQ

Exemplar 2

!8$ & !!! " # & # & 3 4 # & , X , X OA = # 0 & # & & # # & "0& % !!! " !!! " 6 ' OA.OQ = 0 9 ' 90

! 0$ & !!! " # & # & # & OQ = # 4 & # & & # # & " 3& %

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2 T4 4 T13 2 C20

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8203 1 2 1

2 1 1

2 4 1

2 1
y

4 2
!7

Diagram 1 shows part of the graph of y = f (x ), where f (x ) = p cos x . Write down the value of p. (ii) Diagram 2 shows part of the graph of y = g(x ), where g(x ) = q sin x . Write down the value of q . ! (b) Write f (x ) + g(x ) in the form k cos(x + a ) where k > 0 and 0 < a < . 2 (c ) Hence find f !(x ) + g !(x ) as a single trigonometric expression.

Diagram 1

2 4 2
y

"

"

!7

3 Diagram 2
O

"

2"

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
Notes In (a) 1
2 3 4

ic ic ss ic pd pd ss pd

interpret graph interpret graph expand compare coefficients process "k" process "a" state equation differentiate
Notes

1
8
2 3 4

p= 7 q = !3 k cos x cos a ! k sin x sin a k=4 a " 0848 4 cos(x + 0848) !4 sin(x + 0848)
Alternative Method (for 7 and 8 ) If : f !(x ) + g !(x ) = " 7 sin x " 3 cos x then 7 is only available once the

stated explicitly

k cos a = 7 and k sin a = 3 stated explicitly

5 6

5 6

7 8

7 8

Candidates who use degrees throughout this question lose 6 , 7 and 8 .

For accept p = 2.6 leading to k = 4.0, a = 0.86 in (b). In (b) 2 k(cos x cos a ! sin x sin a ) is 3 acceptable for 3 . Treat k cos x cos a ! sin x sin a as bad form only if the equations at the 4 stage both contain k . 4(cos x cos a ! sin x sin a ) is acceptable for and .
3 5

Common Error 1 (sic )

candidate has reached e.g.

! k = 4, tan a = "
3 4 5 6 3 7

q=3
2

"choose k sin(x + a ) # k sin a = "3, k cos a = "7." 8 is available for evaluating k and a.

! a = 5.44 or "0.85 X , # , # , # , #

4 5 6 7

Common Error 2 (sic )

k = 16 does not earn . No justification is needed for 5 . Candidates may use any form of wave equation as long as their final answer is in the form k cos(x + a ). If not, then 6 is not available.

q=3
2 3

! k = 4, tan a = " ! a = 0.85

3 7

X , # , 4 # , 5 # ,6 X Note that 6 is not awarded as it is not consistent with previous working.

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2

CN CN CN
2

8204 1 1 1 4

2 2

2 2

2 5

2 4 5
2 4 5

(a ) Write down the centre and calculate the radius of the circle with equation x 2 + y 2 + 8x + 4y ! 38 = 0. (b) A second circle has equation (x ! 4) + (y ! 6) = 26. Find the distance between the centres of these two circles and hence show that the circles intersect. (c ) The line with equation y = 4 ! x is a common chord passing through the points of intersection of the two circles. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the two circles.

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
2 3 4

ic ic ic pd ss ic ss pd pd pd pd

state centre of circle find radius of circle state centre and radius find distance between centres find sum of radii interpret result know to and substitute start process write in standard form solve for x solve for y

1
2

(!4, !2) 58 (" 7.6) (4, 6) and 58 + 26 26 (" 5.1) s / i 4 and 5 accept 11.3 accept 12.7 dcentres = 128

3 4 5
6 7

5 6

7
8 9

compare 12.7 and 11.3 x 2 + (4 ! x )2 + x 2 + 16 ! 8x + x 2 + 2x 2 ! 4x ! 6 = 0 10 11 !1 5 x y 3 1

8 9 10
11

10 11

Notes In (a)

alt. for 7 to 11 : 7 8 9 10
11

If a linear equation is obtained at the 9 stage, then 9 , 10 and 11 are not available. Solving the circles simultaneously to obtain the equation of the common chord gains no marks. The comment given at the 6 stage must be consistent with previous working.

(4 ! y )2 + y 2 ! 8y + 16 + y 2 + y 2 ! 6y + 5 = 0 10 y x 1 3 11 5 !1

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Solve the equation cos 2x + 2sin x = sin 2 x in the interval 0 ! x < 360.

The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each 1 2 3 4 5 cos 2x = 1 ! 2sin 2 x 3sin 2 x ! 2sin x ! 1 = 0 (3sin x + 1)(sin x ! 1) = 0 4 sin x = ! 5 1 sin x = 1 3 199.5, 340.5 90

1 2 3
4 5

ss pd pd pd pd

use double angle formula obtains standard form (i.e. " = 0") factorise process factors completes solutions

Notes

1
2

1 is not available for 1 ! 2sin 2 A with no further working.

2 is only available for the three terms

3 4

shown written in any correct order. The "=0" has to appear at least once " en route" to 3 . 4 and 5 are only available for solving a quadratic equation.

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8206

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3 6
6 T

In the diagram Q lies on the line joining (0, 6) and (3, 0). OPQR is a rectangle, where P and R lie on the axes and OR = t . (a ) Show that QR = 6 ! 2t . (b) Find the coordinates of Q for which the rectangle has a maximum area. 3 6

Q S R 3

O
The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1
2 3

ss ic ic ss ss pd pd ic ic

know and use e.g. similar triangles, trigonometry or gradient establish equation find a length know how and find area set derivative of the area function to zero differentiate solve justify stationary point state coordinates

1 2 3 4
5 6

!OST, RSQ are similar s / i by 2 QR 3 " t = or equivalent 6 3 QR = 6 " 2t A(t ) = t(6 " 2t ) A#(t ) = 0 6 " 4t t=
3 2

4 5 6 7 8 9

8
9

e.g . nature table Q = (3 ,3 2 )

Notes

Variation 1:

" y = 6 ! 2x " appearing ex nihilo can be awarded neither 1 nor 2 . 3 is still available with some justification e.g . OR = t gives y = 6 ! 2t . The "=0" has to appear at least once before the stage for to be awarded.
7 5

1 2

6 tan 'S' = 3 QR tan 'S' = and equate 3!t

Alternative Method : (for !5 to 8 )

5
6 7

strategy to find roots ! t.p.s t = 0, t = 3 max t .p. since coeff of "t 2 " < 0 turning pt at t =
3 2

2 3 4

Variation 2 :

Do not penalise the use of

dy dx

in lieu of

8
s / i by 2

A"(t ) for instance in the nature table. The minimum requirements for the nature table are shown on the right. Of course other methods may be used to justify the nature of the stationary point(s).

1 2

"mline = !2

" equation of line :y = !2x + 6

Variation 3

Nature Table

"

mline = !2

minimum requirements for 8

" equation of line :y = 6 ! 2x

3 2

Variation 4

A"
1 2 X (nothing stated ) X equation of line :y = 6 ! 2x

+ !

" #

page 15

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The parabola shown in the diagram has equation y = 32 ! 2x 2 . The shaded area lies between the lines y = 14 and y = 24. Calculate the shaded area. 8

y = 24 y = 14

O
y

y = 24 y = 14

10 2 3 20 28 51 3 14 71 3

4 3
The primary method is based on this generic marking scheme which may be used as a guide for any method not shown in detail .

Generic Marking Scheme

Primary Method : Give 1 mark for each

1 2
3 4

ic pd ss pd ic pd ss pd

interpret limits find both x -values know to integrate integrate state limits evaluate limits select "what to add to what" completes a valid strategy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

32 ! 2x 2 = 24 or 14 x = 2 and 3

5
6

" 2 $ (32 ! 2x ) dx #
32x ! 2 x3 3 %...( 3 &' )* 2 19 1 3 e.g . 19 1 ! 14 + 20 and then double s / i by 8 3 50 2 3
Variations ( 3 to 6 ) The following are examples of sound opening integrals which will lead to the area after one more integral at most.

7 8

Notes

! For # (32 - 2x 2 )dx "

14 3

24

Exemplar 1( 3 to 8 )
= %'32x $ 2 x 3 (* 3 & )
4

may be awarded and ONLY .

" 3 $ (32 ! 2x 2 ! 14) dx #

4 18x ! 2 x3 3

" 2 $ (32 ! 2x )dx #0 " 2 $ (32 ! 2x )dx #0

3

= = 58 2 3

2

1 2

For integrating "along the y - axis" strategy: choose to integrate along y -axis x=

5 %'...(* & ) !3 6 72
7

= = 78

(16 $ 12 y ) )
1 2

! 3 # 16 $ 1 y 2 "

" e.g . 72 ! $ (32 ! 2x 2 ! 24) dx #

!2

" 2 $ (32 ! 2x )dx #2

2

= = 19 1 3

dy

8 50 2 3 or 5 %'...(* & )0 6 36
7 2 % ( ' * " 2 ' e.g . 2 + '36 ! $ (32 ! 2x ! 24) dx ** # ' * 0 & ) 3

4 $2. 2 16 $ 1 y
5

%...( '& *)14

3

3 24

3 2

" 2 $ (32 ! 2x ! 24)dx #0 " 2 $ (32 ! 2x ! 14)dx #0 " 2 $ (32 ! 2x ! 14)dx #2

3 3

= = 10 2 3

= = 36

6 $ 4 (4 $ 9 )
7 8

3 2

3 2

2 + 50 2 3

= = 5 1 3

page 16