BIOL 303 EXAM III
12/04/06
NAME____________________________
This exam consists of 40 !estions "o#th 2$% &oints each$ '(ease in)icate the sin*(e best choice fo# each !estion on the se&a#ate ans"e# sheet$ Be sure to enter your student number on the answer sheet. +oo) (!c,_____________________________________________________________________ 1$ .hat is the te#m "hich #efe#s to a conti*!o!s set of /acte#ia( *enes "hich a#e !n)e# coo#)inate cont#o(0 1$ (1so*en$ 2$ &#otot#o&h$ 3$ o&e#on$ 4$ a((oste#ic$ 2$ .hat effect on t#ansc#i&tion of the st#!ct!#a( *enes of the (ac o&e#on is o/se#2e) "hen (actose is &#esent in the en2i#onment0 1$ T#ansc#i&tion )oes not occ!#$ 2$ The *enes a#e t#ansc#i/e) fo# on(1 a sin*(e *ene#ation an) then a#e sh!t off$ 3$ Lactose #e&#esses the s1nthesis of the #e&#esso#$ 4$ T#ansc#i&tion of the st#!ct!#a( *enes is in)!ce) "hen (actose is &#esent$ .hat is the f!nction of cAM' in #e*!(ation of the lac o&e#on0 1$ acti2ates a #e&#esso# &#otein 2$ acti2ates an acti2ato# &#otein 3$ inacti2ates a #e&#esso# &#otein 4$ inacti2ates an acti2ato# &#otein 4$ 3onsi)e# a /acte#ia( st#ain that has a m!tant (ac #e&#esso# that cannot /in) the (ac o&e#ato# #e*ion$ This st#ain (i,e(1 1$ s1nthesi4es (actose$ 2$ )is&(a1s in)!ci/(e ex&#ession of the (ac o&e#on$ 3$ )is&(a1s constit!ti2e ex&#ession of the (ac o&e#on$ 4$ )oes not cata/o(i4e (actose$
3 3$
Use the following diagram of the lac I gene and lac operon for questions 5 and 6. 5I 6 lac #e&#esso# *ene7 Z, Y, A 6 lac o&e#on st#!ct!#a( *enes7 P 6 lac &#omote#7 lac o&e#ato#8 I P O Z Y A
%$ .he#e "o!() the lac #e&#esso# /e /o!n) in a 5nonm!tant8 !. coli ce(( that is *#o"in* in (o" *(!cose an) hi*h (actose0 1$ P 2$ 3$ P an) 4$ the #e&#esso# "o!() not /e /o!n) 6$ .hich &a#ts of the 9NA #e*ion sho"n in the )ia*#am enco)e &#oteins0 1$ P 2$ P, , Z, Y, A 3$ I: Z, Y, A 4$ I: P, , Z, Y, A ;$ .hen #efe##in* to atten!ation in #e*!(ation of the t#1&to&han o&e#on it "o!() /e safe to sa1 that "hen the#e a#e hi*h (e2e(s of t#1&to&han a2ai(a/(e to the o#*anism 1$ the t#1&to&han o&e#on is /ein* t#ansc#i/e) at #e(ati2e(1 hi*h (e2e(s$ 2$ t#ans(ationa( te#mination is (i,e(1$ 3$ t#ansc#i&tiona( te#mination is (i,e(1$ 4$ t#1&to&han is inacti2atin* the #e&#esso# &#otein$ <$ A t1&e of 9NA se !ence in e!,a#1otes that he(&s to #e*!(ate t#ansc#i&tion: ma1 /e tiss!e s&ecific: an) ma1 exe#t cont#o( o2e# a *ene that is a *#eat )istance a"a1 is ca((e) 1$ a &#omote#$ 2$ a =hine>9a(*a#no se !ence$ 3$ a TATA /ox$ 4$ an enhance#$
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@ee)in* mamma(s "ith a4ac1tosine can a(te# *ene ex&#ession /eca!se
1$ *ene ex&#ession is not affecte) /1 ch#omatin st#!ct!#e$ 2$ inco#&o#ation of a4ac1tosine into 9NA /#in*s a/o!t !n)e#meth1(ation of 9NA "hich *ene#a((1 t!#ns on *enes$ 3$ inco#&o#ation of a4ac1tosine into 9NA /#in*s a/o!t inc#ease) meth1(ation of 9NA "hich t!#ns off *enes$ 4$ none of the a/o2e$ 10$ .hich statement a/o!t ANA s&(icin* in e!,a#1otes is t#!e0 1$ s&(icin* )oes not #e&#esent a &otentia( (e2e( of #e*!(ation of *ene ex&#ession$ 2$ s&(icin* occ!#s in the c1to&(asm$ 3$ e2e#1 ANA mo(ec!(e &#o)!ce) in a e!,a#1otic ce(( !n)e#*oes s&(icin*$ 4$ the same t#ansc#i&t ma1 /e s&(ice) in )iffe#ent "a1s to !(timate(1 1ie() )iffe#ent t#ans(ation &#o)!cts$ 11$ In e!,a#1otes: acti2e(1 t#ansc#i/e) ch#omatin is 1$ 9Nase insensiti2e$ 2$ in a hi*h(1 con)ense) fo#m 3$ !s!a((1 9Nase sensiti2e$ 4$ sometimes #efe##e) to as hete#och#omatin$ 12$ The te#m Bch#omatin #emo)e(in*B #efe#s to 1$ a(te#ation of ch#omatin st#!ct!#e in association "ith t#ansc#i&tion$ 2$ a &#ocess that on(1 /acte#ia &e#fo#m since the1 contain no n!c(e!s$ 3$ a &#ocess that is exc(!si2e(1 associate) "ith t#ansc#i&tion /1 #e2e#se t#ansc#i&tase in e!,a#1otes$ 4$ a(te#ation in ch#omatin st#!ct!#e to faci(itate (oa)in* an) t#ans(ation /1 #i/osomes an): th!s: enhance *ene ex&#ession$ 13$ .hat mo)ification ne!t#a(i4es the cha#*es on histones an) (oosens !& the inte#actions /et"een histones an) 9NA0 1$ &hos&ho#1(ation 2$ meth1(ation 3$ acet1(ation 4$ &o(1a)en1(ation 14$ .hen com&a#in* #e*!(ation of *ene ex&#ession in e!,a#1otes 2e#s!s &#o,a#1otes: "hich of the fo((o"in* &#ocesses seems to /e the most simi(a# /et"een the t"o0
1$ t#ansc#i&tion$ 2$ ANA s&(icin* #e*!(ation$ 3$ int#on/exon sh!ff(in*$ 4$ %C>ca&&in*$ 1%$ 9NA meth1(ation ma1 /e a si*nificant mo)e of *enetic #e*!(ation in e!,a#1otes$ Meth1(ation #efe#s to 1$ a(te#in* ANA &o(1me#ase acti2it1 /1 meth1(ation of ANA &o(1me#ase 2$ a(te#in* t#ans(ationa( acti2it1 es&ecia((1 of hi*h(1 meth1(ate) tANAs$ 3$ a(te#ation of 9NA &o(1me#ase acti2it1 /1 a))ition of meth1( *#o!&s to *(1cine #esi)!es$ 4$ a))ition of meth1( *#o!&s to the c1tosine of 3+ )o!/(ets 16$ T"o t1&es of &ost>t#ansc#i&tiona( mo)ifications that ta,e &(ace in the mANA of e!,a#1otes a#e 1$ the a))ition of a &o(1 T se !ence at the %C en) of the *ene an) the a))ition of a &o(1 D tai( at the 3C en)$ 2$ a))ition of a &o(1 A se !ence at the %C en) an) the a))ition of a Eca&F at the 3C en) of the ANA t#ansc#i&t$ 3$ the a))ition of a ca& at the %C en) of the t#ansc#i&t an) the a))ition of a &o(1 A se !ence at the 3C en) of the messa*e$ 4$ the excision of the int#ons an) the a))ition of a ca& to the 3C en)$ 1;$ The B'hi(a)e(&hia ch#omosomeB 1$ is a mo2ie sta##in* Tom Gan,s$ 2$ is a s&ecific t#ans(ocation im&(icate) in ch#onic m1e(o*eno!s (e!,emia$ 3$ #es!(ts f#om a *ene am&(ification e2ent$ 4$ is an exam&(e of o2e#ex&#ession of an onco*ene that is othe#"ise !na(te#e)$
1<$
.hich statement a/o!t cance# is t#!e0 1$ the )e2e(o&ment of cance# !s!a((1 in2o(2es a sin*(e m!tation$ 2$ B(oss of hete#o41*osit1B 5LOG8 is !s!a((1 )isc!sse) in #e(ation to t!mo# s!&&#esso# *enes$ 3$ onco*enes an) &#oto>onco*enes a#e the same thin*$
4$ &eo&(e "ith inhe#ite) &#e)is&osition to cance# a#e !s!a((1 /o#n homo41*o!s fo# a )efecti2e t!mo# s!&&#esso# *ene$ 1?$ .hat is the name of the t1&e of &#otein that com/ines "ith c1c(ins to exe#t (oca( cont#o( of the ce(( c1c(e0 1$ c1c(in )e&en)ent ,inase 2$ &hos&hatase 3$ AT'ase 4$ te(ome#ase 20$ An in)i2i)!a( )e2e(o&s #etina( t!mo#s in /oth e1es$ This is most (i,e(1 )!e to 1$ .i(ms t!mo#$ 2$ the nonfami(ia( fo#m of #etino/(astoma$ 3$ cance# in anothe# &a#t of the /o)1 that has metastasi4e) to the e1e$ 4$ the fami(ia( fo#m of #etino/(astoma 21$ .hat is the name of the &#otein that: amon* othe# thin*s: #e*!(ates the ent#1 of ce((s into = &hase: is m!tate) in most cance#s: an) is ,no"n as the E*!a#)ian of the *enome0F 1$ &34 2$ &102 3$ c1c(in 4$ &%3 22$ The )e2e(o&ment of the anti>cance# )#!* E+(ee2ecF "as faci(itate) /1 1$ *#oss ch#omosoma( insta/i(it1 seen in the @A' fo#m of co(on cance# 2$ mic#osate((ite insta/i(it1 seen in Ge#e)ita#1 Non&o(1&osis 3o(o#ecta( 3ance# 3$ LOG 2ia *ene ta#*etin*$ 4$ the )isco2e#1 of a s&ecific t#ans(ocation associate) "ith ch#onic m1e(o*eno!s (e!,emia 23$ .hat is the f!nction of )i)eox1n!c(eoti)es in =an*e# 9NA se !encin*0 1$ The1 act as &#ime#s fo# 9NA &o(1me#ase$ 2$ The1 act as &#ime#s fo# #e2e#se t#ansc#i&tase$ 3$ The1 c!t the se !ence) 9NA at s&ecific sites$ 4$ The1 sto& s1nthesis at a s&ecific site: so the /ase at that site can /e )ete#mine)$
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T"o es&ecia((1 !sef!( cha#acte#istics fo# a c(onin* 2ecto# to ha2e a#e 1$ (ots of c(onin* sites an) an anti/iotic #esistance *ene$ 2$ 2i#!(ence an) anti*enicit1$ 3$ a/i(it1 to inte*#ate into the host ch#omosome an) then ca!se )eath$ 4$ #e2e#se t#ansc#i&tase an) (i*ase acti2ities$
2%$
.hich of the fo((o"in* is not nee)e) in o#)e# to am&(if1 a 9NA f#a*ment /1 '3A0 1$ a set of &#ime#s$ 2$ ,no"(e)*e of the com&(ete n!c(eoti)e se !ence of the f#a*ment to /e am&(ifie)$ 3$ a 9NA &o(1me#ase$ 4$ )eox1n!c(eoti)e t#i&hos&hates$
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N!c(eic aci) /(ottin* is "i)e(1 !se) in #ecom/inant 9NA techno(o*1$ In a =o!the#n /(ot one *ene#a((1 1$ h1/#i)i4es fi(te#>/o!n) 9NA "ith a 9NA &#o/e$ 2$ h1/#i)i4es fi(te#>/o!n) ANA "ith a 9NA &#o/e$ 3$ examines amino aci) s!/stit!tions "ith #a)ioacti2e &#o/es$ 4$ c(ea2es ANA "ith #est#iction en)on!c(eases$
2;$
The &henomenon ,no"n as EANAiF 5ANA inte#fe#ence8 is !se) ex&e#imenta((1 to 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ #e)!ce ex&#ession of a s&ecific ta#*et *ene$ #e)!ce t#ansc#i&tion #ate f#om a s&ecific *ene &#omote#$ inte#fe#e "ith #e&(ication$ enhance *ene ex&#ession$
Use the following diagram for questions "# and "$. ))AT' #eaction ))TT' #eaction ))3T' #eaction ))+T' #eaction
2<$ A f#a*ment of 9NA "as se !ence) an) the *e( &atte#n sho"n a/o2e "as o/taine)$ @o# the st#an) of 9NA that "as s1nthesi4e) in the se !encin* #eaction: "hat /ase "as inco#&o#ate) fi#st 5c(osest to the &#ime#80 1$ + 2$ A 3$ 3 4$ T 2?$ .hat "as the se !ence of the 9NA primer !se) in the se !encin* #eaction0 1$ %C +3TA+3A 3C 2$ %C A3+AT3+ 3C 3$ %C T+3TA+3 3C 4$ 3anHt te((30$ Ae*a#)in* the se !encin* of *enomes: "hich statement is t#!e0 1$ most of the h!man *enome has /een se !ence)$ 2$ no e!,a#1otic *enome has 1et /een se !ence)$ 3$ 9NA se !encin* has #e2ea(e) a com&(ete (ac, of &o(1cist#onic t#ansc#i&tion !nits in e!,a#1otic *enomes$ 4$ fe"e# than 300 *enomes ha2e /een se !ence)$
31$
3om&a#e) to &#o,a#1otic ch#omosomes: e!,a#1otic ch#omosomes in *ene#a( 1$ a#e (a#*e# 2$ ha2e inte##!&te) *enes 3$ )is&(a1 (o"e# *ene )ensit1 4$ a(( of the a/o2e
32$ Base) on the most #ecent ana(1sis of the se !ence of the h!man *enome: "hich is c(osest to the estimate) n!m/e# of h!man *enes0 1$ 2:000
2$ 2%:000 3$ 100:000 4$ %00:000 33$ Ana(1sis of e!,a#1otic *enomes has #e2ea(e) that 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ (a#*e se*ments of *enomes ha2e !n)e#*one )!&(ication )!#in* e2o(!tion$ *enes a#e ne2e# fo!n) "ithin the int#ons of othe# *enes$ *enome si4e a("a1s co##e(ates "e(( "ith o#*anism com&(exit1$ t#ans&osons a#e #a#e(1 fo!n) in *enomes$
34$ Ana(1sis of the h!man *enome has #e2ea(e) that a/o!t ha(f 5o# ma1/e mo#e8 of the h!man *enome seems to /e com&ose) of 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ &#otein>co)in* *enes$ #i/osoma( ANA *enes$ t#ans&osons o# t#ans&oson>(i,e e(ements$ sate((ite se !ences$
3%$
The a(&ha an) /eta *(o/in *ene fami(ies 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ each contains one sin*(e *ene$ contain *enes "ith no int#ons$ each contains one o# mo#e E&se!)o*enes$F a#e "ithin the hete#och#omatin &o#tion of the h!man *enome$
36$ Io! ha2e iso(ate) se2e#a( m!tant st#ains of mice that a#e e1e(ess$ Afte# &e#fo#min* a 2a#iet1 of c#osses an) examinin* the offs&#in*: 1o! (ea#n that "i()t1&e offs&#in* a#e &#o)!ce) /1 c#ossin* e1e(ess st#ain A "ith e1e(ess st#ain B: "i()t1&e offs&#in* a#e &#o)!ce) /1 c#ossin* e1e(ess st#ain A "ith e1e(ess st#ain 3: an) "i()t1&e offs&#in* a#e &#o)!ce) /1 c#ossin* e1e(ess st#ain B "ith e1e(ess st#ain 3$ .hat can 1o! conc(!)e0 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ 3;$ On(1 a sin*(e *ene is in2o(2e) in e1e )e2e(o&ment in mice$ The#e a#e at (east th#ee *enes in2o(2e) in e1e )e2e(o&ment in mice$ The m!tation in st#ain A is )ominant$ Mice )o not nee) e1es to see$
If 1o! "ante) to chec, the (e2e( of a s&ecific mANA &#o)!ce) in a ce#tain tiss!e:
1o! mi*ht )o a 1$ =o!the#n /(ot$ 2$ .este#n /(ot$ 3$ =o!th"este#n /(ot$ 4$ No#the#n /(ot$ 3<$ A E,noc,o!t mo!seF is 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ 3?$ a mo!se t#aine) to /ox$ a #ea((1 *oo)>(oo,in* mo!se$ a mo!se in "hich a s&ecific *ene has /een a(te#e) to /(oc, ex&#ession$ &#o)!ce) /1 c(onin* anothe# mo!se$
.hen com&a#in* a ,noc,o!t mo!se "ith the techni !e of ANAi !sin* t#ansfection "ith siANA: 1$ the effect of ANAi is &e#manent: "hi(e the &henot1&e of a JO mo!se is tem&o#a#1$ 2$ the effect of ANAi is tem&o#a#1 "hi(e the &henot1&e of a JO mo!se is &e#manent$ 3$ ANAi can achie2e com&(ete (oss of *ene acti2it1: "hi(e a JO mo!se )is&(a1s on(1 &a#tia( (oss of ex&#ession of the ta#*et *ene$ 4$ ANAi is (ess !sef!( /eca!se it can on(1 /e )one in 1east ce((s$
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.hich of the fo((o"in* is achie2a/(e 5o# &otentia((1 achie2a/(e8 !sin* c!##ent /iotechno(o*10 1$ 9e2e(o&in* &(ants that can se#2e as Ee)i/(eF 2accines$ 2$ 9e2e(o&in* t#ans*enic anima(s that &#o)!ce &ha#mace!tica( &#o)!cts in thei# mi(,$ 3$ 'e#fo#min* &#enata( )ia*nosis fo# sic,(e>ce(( anemia$ 4$ A(( of the a/o2e$
Thats all!
