COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS II TEST I

Characteristic Impedance Vr  Vi Vt  Vr  Vi

L L L
ZO = T 
C v p vfC
- Coaxial Cable Length of Line/Wavelength/Phase Shift
D = inside diameter of outer conductor   wavelength
d = diameter of inner conductor L  length
ε r = relative permittivity of the dielectric   phase shift
138 D
ZO= log C  Speed of Light  300 106 m / s
εr d
d (m)  v
- Air Dielectric Parallel Line v( m / s )  1. v p  2.   p
t (s) T f
D = spacingbetween center of conductors
 v v C
r = conductor radius 3. L    o
g   f
D 360 f f
Z O =276log 1 L v
r f    360 d
1/4 Wave Shorted Stub T  t
C 1  Length of line in deg rees
Zo  ZoZl g   v f  g
f 4 4 L
   360

Velocity Factor and Propagation Velocity Im pedance looking int o line
v p  [Link] .line(m / s) Z  jZo tan 
Z  Zo L
v f  velocity. factor ( decimal. fraction) Zo  jZl tan 
C  speed .of .light  300 106 m / s SWR
1   Vmax
 r  [Link] tan t SWR  
1   Vmin
v 1
vf  p vf  vp  f   v f C SWR  ZO / ZL if ZO  ZL
C r
SWR  ZL / ZO if ZL  ZO

vp  Vmax  Vi  Vr Vmax  Vi  Vr
T
Response of Line Power Reflection
L(2( reflected back ?) PL  load power
T
vp Pr  power reflected from load
Gamma and Voltage Reflection Pi  incident power at load
Coefficient Pr   2 Pi 
PL  Pi 1   2 
vr  reflected voltage
Attenuation(dB)=L  Loss(ratio)
v  incident voltage
Loss (dB )
  Gamma  voltage reflection coefficient Voltage(ratio)=antilog
20
V Zl  Zo SWR  1 cm=m×100
 r  
Vi Zl  Zo SWR  1 m=cm÷100
Radio-Wave Propagation
- Electric and Magnetic Fields
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS II TEST I

L  impedance of medium in ohms PD  power density in W / m 2

E  electric field strength in v / m Pt  total power in watts
H  magnetic field strength in A / m r  dis tan ce from antenna in meters
Z  Im pedancein ohms V2 E2
V  electromotive forcein volts P PD  PD  H 2 L
R L
I  current in apmeres PD  EH
  propagation velocity in medium Free Space Propagation
c  propagation velocity in free space P E2
PD  t 2 PD 
 300 106 m / s 4 r L
2
  permeability of medium H / m E P PL Pt L
 t 2 E2  t 2 E 
 permittivity of medium F / m L 4 r 4 r 4 r 2
377 Pt 30 Pt
r  relative permittivity in medium E 
4r 2
r
 dielectric cons tan t
GT  gain of Tx antenna
0  permittivity of free space
PT  total Tx power in watts
 vacuum permittivity
Aeff  effective area of antenna in m2
c V E
 Z L PR  power delivered to Rx in watts
r I H
GR  antenna gain as power ratio
GT
- For a lossless medium
 anti log 10

L PR  2GR
 EIRP  PT GT Aeff  Aeff 
Free Space PD 4
0  4 107 H / m Aeff PT GT  2GR PT GT  2GR PT GT
PR  Aeff PD   
0  8.854  1012 F / m 4 r 2 (4 )(4 r 2 ) (16 2 r 2 )
o
LO   377
o
  0
r  L 
0  r 0
o 1 377
  
0 r r
Power Density
P  power in watts
V  voltage in volts
R  resis tan ce in ohms