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LRFD Sheet Pile
Design Concepts & Background
Larry Jones
Assistant State Structures Design Engineer & State Geotechnical Engineer
LRFD Sheet Pile Walls
Cantilevered Sheet Pile Walls
ASD Method AASHTO LRFD Method Compare AASHTO LRFD to FDOT Past Practice LRFD Method Acceptable to FDOT Plans Requirements
Anchored Sheet Pile Walls
Design Method Plans Requirements
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Review ASD Method
Determine Soil & Water Parameters Compute Active & Passive EP Diagrams
Pile Buck, 1987
Review ASD Method
Compute PA & PP as a Function of D
g= = Ka = pcf
Pa
D
D/3
Pp
(H+D)/3
A
Kp =
Pa = 0.5 * (H+D) * Ka * g
2
Pp = 0.5 *D * Kp * g
2
FHWA NHI-07-071
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Review ASD Method
Compute Moments about Tip due to PA & PP Determine Embedment for Balanced Moments Increase Embedment by 20% to 40% Determine Required Section Modulus (S) for 0.6 Fy Determine Required Section Stiffness to limit deflection
LRFD Method
Determine Soil, Water & Surcharge Parameters Compute Factored EP Diagrams Compute Factored PA & PP as Function of D
H g= = Ka = gp = Pa D Pp (H+D)/3 A 0.75 pcf 1.5
D/3
Kp = jp =
Factored Pa = gp * 0.5 * (H+D)2 * Ka * g Factored Pp = jp * 0.5 *D2 * Kp * g
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LRFD Method
Compute Factored Moments about Tip due to Factored PA & PP Determine Embedment to Balanced Factored Moments Increase Embedment by 20% Determine Required Section Modulus (Z): Z Mmax / Fy =0.9 for flexure Determine Required Section Stiffness to limit deflection
Simple Example to Compare Methods
14 g= = Ka = gp = Pa D D/3 Kp = jp = 3.39 0.75 A Pp (14+D)/3 125 pcf 33 0.29 1.5
Factored Pa = gp * 0.5 * (14+D)2 * Ka * g Factored Pp = jp * 0.5 *D2 * Kp * g
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Simple Example to Compare Methods
Wall Supports Permanent Road Road will not be repaved Limit deflection to 1.5 inches
Embedment, D
Embedment vs. Moment Balance
100000.0 80000.0 Passive Moment - Active Moment 60000.0 40000.0 20000.0 0.0 0 -20000.0 -40000.0 -60000.0 -80000.0 -100000.0 Depth of Embedment UN - Factored Mp - Ma Factored Mp - Ma 5 10 15 20 25 30
D=11.25 1.2D=13.5
D=16.75 1.2 D=20.1
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ASD Section for Flexure
Max Moment = 33,879 ft-lb/ft Smin = 33,879 ft-lb / 0.6Fy Smin = 33,879 ft-lb / 0.6(42,000 psi) Smin = 16.13 in3/ft
S/ft 18.1 30.2 48.5 60.7 Z/ft 21.79 36.49 57.17 71.92 I/ft Section 84.38 PZ 22 184.20 PZ 27 361.22 PZ 35 490.85 PZ 40
AASHTO Section for Flexure
Max Factored Moment = 74,352 ft-lb/ft Zmin = 74,352 ft-lb / 0.9Fy Zmin = 74,352 ft-lb / 0.9(42,000 psi) Zmin = 23.60 in3/ft/ft
S/ft 18.1 30.2 48.5 60.7 Z/ft 21.79 36.49 57.17 71.92 I/ft Section 84.38 PZ 22 184.20 PZ 27 361.22 PZ 35 490.85 PZ 40
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Check Deflection
Deflection is a Service Limit State Various Methods & programs PZ 22: = 3.3 inches PZ 27: = 1.5 inches PZ 35: = 0.8 inches PZ 40: = 0.6 inches
Review Results
ASD:
Required Embedment = 13.5 Section for Flexure = PZ 22 Section for Deflection = PZ 27
AASHTO LRFD:
Required Embedment = 20.1 (33% deeper) Section for Flexure = PZ 27 Section for Deflection = PZ 27
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FDOT Procedure
2008 FDOT Internal Study Compared FDOT past ASD & LFD practice to AASHTO LRFD Found AASHTO Embedments Much Deeper, with Similar Sections Looked for Modification to AASHTO LRFD to more cost effectively implement the LRFD philosophy Design Bulletin C09-02 FDOT Procedure for LRFD Design of Sheet Pile Walls, March 2009
FDOT SDG 3.13.3 Permanent and Critical Temporary Sheet Pile Walls
A. Determine the required depth of sheet pile embedment (D) using the procedure outlined in LRFD [11.8.4] and described in detail in LRFD [C11.8.4.1] with load factors of 1.0 and the appropriate resistance factor from LRFD [11.6.2.3]. B. Determine the required sheet pile section in accordance with LRFD [11.8.5], using the normal load factors for each load case.
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FDOT SDG 3.13.3 Permanent and Critical Temporary Sheet Pile Walls
C. When the supported roadway will be paved or resurfaced before the wall deflects, the design horizontal deflection shall not exceed 1-1/2 inches. D. When the supported roadway will be paved or resurfaced after the wall deflects the design horizontal deflection shall not exceed 3 inches.
FDOT SDG 3.13.3 Permanent and Critical Temporary Sheet Pile Walls
E. When the wall maintains the structural integrity of a utility, the design horizontal deflection shall be established on a caseby-case basis in cooperation with the utility owner.
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FDOT Procedure
Embedment vs. Moment Balance
100000.0 80000.0 Passive Moment - Active Moment 60000.0 40000.0 20000.0 0.0 0 -20000.0 -40000.0 -60000.0 -80000.0 -100000.0 Depth of Embedment UN - Factored Mp - Ma Factored Mp - Ma 5 10 15
=1 D=11.25 1.2 D=13.5
=0.75 D=13.5 1.2 D=16.2 20 25 =0.75 AASHTO=20.1
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Corrosion Protection
AASHTO 11.8.7 The level and extent of corrosion protection shall be a function of the ground environment and the potential consequences of a wall failure
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Corrosion Protection
SDG 3.13.3 Permanent and Critical Temporary Sheet Pile Walls F. For permanent concrete sheet pile walls, comply with the tensile stress limits in LRFD [5.9.4.2.2] and apply the "severe corrosive conditions" to walls with an Extremely Aggressive environment classification.
Corrosion Protection
SDG Table 3.5.3-1 Sacrificial Thickness for Steel Piles (inches)
Moderately Extremely Steel Slightly Component Aggressive Aggressive Aggressive
Cantilevered Sheet Piles
0.045
0.090
0.135
See Commentary for Table in SDG 3.5.3
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Plans Requirements
Section Modulus in3/ft Moment of Inertia in4/ft Tip Elevation or Embedment Requirements
Anchored Walls
Support Greater Heights Support Larger Loads Reduce Embedment
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Anchored Walls
Anchor Types Prestressed Soil Anchor
Single or Multiple Levels
Dead Man
Anchored Walls
Prestressed Soil Anchor
Active Support Commonly Drilled & Grouted Drill 15% Below Horizontal Bonded Zone Unbonded Zone Tendon may be Bar or Strand Corrosion Protection Advantages & Disadvantages
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Anchored Walls
Dead Man
Normally Passive Support Any Tendon Angle Dead Man Position Critical Corrosion Protection Advantages & Disadvantages
Anchored Walls
AEP Diagram for Earth Load
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Anchored Walls
Superimpose Normal Diagrams for Other Factored Loads: (water, surcharges, etc.) Compute Horizontal Anchor Loads FH for Base Reaction Embedment or Anchor for Base Reaction Use appropriate resistance factor for passive earth pressure to compute Embedment
Anchored Walls
Compute Horizontal Anchor Loads
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Anchored Walls
Anchor Loads
Determine anchor inclination
ROW Location of Anchoring Stratum Location of Utilities Resistance Factors vary w- Tendon Type
Resolve Longitudinal & Vertical Loads
Anchored Walls
Evaluate Tendon Type
Distance to Anchor Stratum Design Life Corrosion Hazard Corrosion Protection Construction Methods Consequence of Failure
Size Bonded Zone or Dead Man
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Anchored Walls
Determine Unbonded Zone or Locate Dead Man Bonded Zone must not Load the Active Failure Wedge Locate Entire Passive Resistance Wedge Behind Active Failure Wedge
Anchored Walls
Evaluate Section for Bending Moments
Revise Section or Anchor Position(s)
Evaluate Bearing Resistance Below Excavation for Vertical Loads & Vertical Component of Anchor Loads
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Anchored Walls
Evaluate Global Stability at Service Limit State Evaluate Deflection & Ground Settlement at Service Limit State Design Walers, etc for Maximum Anchor Spacing
Anchored Walls
Plans Requirements
Wall Section, Walers, Connections Tip Elevation Factored Anchor Load (kpf)* Service Anchor Load (kpf)* Maximum Anchor Spacing Dead Man & Anchor Rod Details
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Questions?
[email protected]
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