International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2014
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Inner Water Characteristics of Anambas Island,
Riau Province-Indonesia
Noir P. Purba
1
, Jaya Kelvin
2
, Riani Widiarti
3
, Nurfitri Syadiah
4
1
Padjadjaran University, Department of Marine Science,
Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, West Java45363, Indonesia
2
Padjadjaran University, Department of Marine Science,
Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, West Java45363, Indonesia
3
University of Indonesia, Department of Biology,
Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
4
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affair, Directorate of KP3K
Mina Bahari Building 11
th
Floor, Central Jakarta,DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: Anambas archipelago which consists of 255 islands located in the southern South China Sea (sSCS) and parts of Riau
province. This study aims to provide an initial overview of the Anambass water characteristics on East Monsoon (EM). Data was
obtained from two primary surveys that conducted in 2012 and 2013. First survey collected a number of 20 stations which focused to the
northeast region of Anambas that consists of Mengkian Island, Mandariau Island, and Penjalin Island. Second survey collected 16
stations which represented the whole inner water of Anambas. The depiction was done with primary data collection, calibration and data
processing, visualization, and analysis. The results show that the Anambas water is the shallow one with the average depth of 40 meters.
The tidal rangeis approximately 1.35 meters and the dominant ocean current is southward current that moves to KarimataStrait and
Malacca Strait. The ocean current condition of Anambasis also affected by the water mass that originates from the South China Sea
(SCS), Java Sea, and Malacca Strait. The other water properties were like ocean surface temperature (28-32.5
0
C), absolute salinity (29-
35 PSU), brightness(10-16 meters), pH (6.8-8.8 units), and dissolve oxygen(4.4-6.8 mg/L). The biological property such as the
abundance of plankton varies and dominates by Thallasionema and shows significant correlation with the ocean current pattern.
Keywords: Anambas Archipelago, East Monsoon, Water Mass, Inner Water, Oceanographic Condition.
1. Introduction
The existence of islands in Indonesia will determine the
characteristics of oceanographic conditions around it. The
island and basin will act as the secondary force that changed
the direction of bulk water mass. Geographically, the islands
are located in the southern South China Sea (sSCS) which is
adjacent to the Natuna and Tanjung Pinang and part of the
Riau Province (0210'0"-0340'0" N and 10515'0"-
10645'0" E). Anambas has 255 islands and vast waters
reach 70% of the total area is believed to have a unique and
complex ocean characteristics. These island will give much
information about water mass because the linking to
Indonesia waters and South Cina Seas. However, there is
limited primary ocean data that has been done in this inner
area. This area becomes one of Fisheries Management
Regional of Indonesia Republic (WPP-RI 711) and Indonesia
Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI 1). Moreover, as
geopolitics area, these islands also have five outer islands
that bordered with Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, and
Vietnam [1]. In the north of these islands, there is a mining
zone which is currently in the exploration stage. This area is
also a migration route of some marine biota such as sea
turtles and Napoleon fish.
Based on the geographical location and the condition of the
islands, this region has a huge potential to be developed. In
2012 and 2013 spatial zoning management study has been
conducted by the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries (KKP-
KP3K) which appoint Anambasas a priority area for fishery
and tourism by enclosing the conservation area as a measure
of the diversity of flora and fauna [2]. However, with the
region consist of 70% water is a challenge in establishing
sustainable management [3]. In connection with both of
those which are related to each other gives an overview of
the importance of oceanographic conditions in the waters
around Anambas Islands. In addition, oceanographic
conditions in Indonesia are very much influenced by local
factors.
Characteristics of the waters in Anambas region are very
unique and complex because of the basin and land that
stretches from north to south, the input and output of water
masses, wind pattern, and nutrients concentration. The
topography and basins act as a secondary force which affects
the movement of water mass [1]. Generally, the condition of
the waters in the Anambas is influenced by the South China
Sea (SCS), the water masses from Java Sea and Malacca
Strait. The dominance of the three water masses will be
influenced by the ebb and flow that comes from the Pacific
Ocean. Due to this area, then it is likely to undergo changes
in the oceanographic dynamics. Force of water masses will
bring nutrients to dynamically operate the food chain in the
water column. This region (SCS) is a large marine ecosystem
with a specific and unique oceanographic characteristics,
biography and ecology. Most of the southern part of SCS is
atSunda Shelf and has shallow water characteristic(depth<
200 m). Itis also influenced by the oceans and land through
the input from rivers that flow from the surrounding islands.
The southern part of SCS isa sea region which belonging to
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tend to
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nity of
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it has
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19-7064
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June 2014
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(a)
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n conditions
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me data
pth of 0.4d is
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Paper ID: 02014136 891
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which occur p
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water masses w
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nd deflected b
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will rise to the
meeting then
Anambas.In F
Observation re
lso the RMS (
oth results is
residual). So,
sing TMD (Ti
attern in Mata
Figure 5: Oc
Tidal pattern in
oing can be lo
nd flood is 1.3
bove MSL an
MSL. The stan
m. It means th
bove or below
Figure 6: Tida
vs. observatio
pat
predominantly
erived from
with SCS. Th
with the Strait o
by the Malay
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divert the
Fig. 5 the c
esults of tide l
(Root Mean S
0.24 which a
from this sta
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ooked at Fig.
35 m with the
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basin which
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the water cha
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Matak Island, A
els in Septemb
nducting field
onal Journa
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where the c
islands mixed
of water fro
ava pressing u
then turn dire
r from the Ja
[14]. Howeve
he mass ma
etween Mode
(highly related
difference be
en as the gree
it can be sai
research to ge
(red line) and
e measuremen
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er level is at 0
is at 0.67 m
tidal pattern i
anged about 0
Anambas. (a) M
ber 2011; (b) T
d survey
al of Scienc
N (Online): 23
ct Factor (201
e 3 Issue 6, J
www.ijsr.n
eative Commo
current
d with
om the
upward
ections
va sea
er, the
ajority
el and
d) and
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en line
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et tidal
0.4d
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ce and Rese
19-7064
12): 3.358
June 2014
net
ons Attribution
e highest influ
ands, can be
linational diu
lowed by Lun
ncipal Lunar
higher than th
gle type or diu
ich is in the n
single type.
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TC Numb
M2 0.122
S2 0.029
N2 0.028
K2 0.006
Biological W
S holds a very
ters Anambas.
h commercial
ve biodiversity
aracteristics o
ied, but
allasiothrixspp
phytoplankton
uaries to offs
m run-off ef
uses of HAB
uthwest region
er regions.
tantaneous me
e found in alm
Figure 7:
Conclusio
ysical conditi
ambas very c
in water mass
sses due to tid
ut either from
mperature, sali
ur daily, seas
nity. There is
islands at the
earch (IJSR
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uential tidal c
seen from th
urnal constitue
ar declination
semidiurnal c
he others, so t
urnal. Also it
numbers of 4.9
al constituents
mo
ber TC
26 K1
98 O1
83 P1
63 Q1
Water Propert
y important ro
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fishing. This
y of nutrient. A
of the plankt
dominated
p., and Cerat
n that is co
shore.Seasona
ffect on the
species found
n are only fou
However, th
easurement. T
most all station
Plankton abu
on
ions, chemis
complex beca
ses dynamics
des, currents,
m the north and
nity, pH, and
onal, and yea
s a difference
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e Table 2 K1
ent is the hig
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the tidal type
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0.4425 M
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ties (Plankton
ole in distribut
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is as indicato
As a result of
ton species w
by Thalla
tiumfurca, wh
mmonly foun
al flow patter
distribution o
d in the stud
und Pleurosig
his measurem
Type Rhizoso
ns (Figure 7).
undance and di
stry, and bio
ause it is inf
caused by the
and wind. Fo
d south affect
d brightness. T
arly, and local
in the charac
outh islands. P
Matak, Anam
1 as a Luni-s
ghest one. The
nstituent (O1)
M2). With K1
is belonged to
Formzhallnum
d the tidal typ
er resulted from
TC Number
MF 0.0049
MM 0.0060
M4 0.0046
- -
n)
ting nutrients
egion as a reg
or that this wa
differences in
were found
asionema s
hich are the ty
nd ranging f
rns and nutri
of phytoplank
dy site [5]. In
gma not foun
ment is only
olenia spp. is
istributions
ology in wa
fluenced by t
e mixing of w
orm of water m
t changes occu
These fluctuat
factors affect
cteristics betw
Plankton samp
mbas
solar
en it
and
and
o the
mber
pe as
m
into
gion-
aters
n the
also
spp.,
ypes
from
ients
kton
n the
nd in
y an
s the
aters
three
water
mass
ur to
tions
t the
ween
pling
Paper ID: 02014136 892
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2014
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
was carried out on a limited and can still be done with a long
sampling time is longer and more stations due to the
structure of this community is still very limited.
6. Acknowledgment
We would like to thank KP3K-KKP for the help of facility
when conducting survey and also to an additional survey
team who has helped the DKP Anambas Islands and related
local agencies. In addition, we would like to thank
KOMITMEN-UNPADwho has helped in the data
processing.
References
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Author Profile
Noir P. Purba received the B.S. degrees in Marine Science from
Riau University2005and M.S. degrees in Oceanography from
Bandung Institute of Technology in 2008 He is now a lecturer in
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Jaya Kelvin would receive the B.S. degrees in Marine Science
from Universitas Padjadjaran shortly in August 2014. He is now
becomes an assistant in Marine Science and Technology (MST)
Training Course held by Bogor Agricultural University (BAU) and
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). He is also working
on funded research by DAAD about eddy model.
RianiWidiarti received the B.S.degrees from Biology Department
of University of Indonesia and M.S degree from Bogor Agricultural
Institute. She is now a lecturer in Department of Biology, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science, Univeristy of Indonesia.
NurfitriSyadiah received the B.S. degrees from Bogor Agricultural
Institute.She is now staff of Directorate of Fisheries and Marine
Affairs, Jakarta.
Paper ID: 02014136 893
