C.
ABDUL HAKEEM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY MELVISHARAM
MODEL EXAM OCT - 2014
V Semester B.E. Aeronautical Engineering
AE 2304 PROPULSION II
Time: 3 hrs
Maximum: 100 marks
Answer ALL questions.
PART A:
(5X2 = 20 marks)
1. Distinguish momentum and pressure thrust.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of film cooling?
3. What is Hypergolic Propellant?
4. Comment on optimality of sub-critical, critical and super critical operating conditions of a ramjet
engine.
5. What is nozzle choking?
6. What is characteristic velocity of a rocket? Are characteristic velocity and specific Impulse
different performance parameters? If yes justify.
7. Give the expression for thrust equation for rocket engine and gas turbine engine.
8. Differentiate between regressive and progressive burning.
9. For fixed geometry ion thruster, how does the required magnetic field strength, B, vary if it is
doubled the anode potential relative to the cathode, Va?
10. As a concept, justify the significance of solar sail and its need.
PART B:
11.a) Explain the choice of blade profile, pitch and chord for turbine blades.
(16)
(OR)
b) (i) What are the limiting factors of turbine design?
(ii) Explain the matching procedure for turbine and Compressor?
(6)
(10)
12. (a) For an ideal ramjet
i) Draw the thermodynamic P-V and T-S diagrams.
(4)
ii) Explain why increasing the flight speed of an ideal ramjet engine increases the thermal
efficiency.
(4)
iii)Using the above P-V and T-S diagram, derive an expression for the thrust specific fuel
consumption in terms of ambient temperature, mixture ratio, nozzle inlet stagnation temperature and free
stream Mach number.
(8)
(OR)
(b) A ramjet engine is to fly at a Mach number of 4 in an atmosphere whose temperature is 223 K. At
entrance to the burner, the Mach number of the flow is 0.3. Combustion in the burner (whose crosssectional area is constant) may be represented approximately as heating of a perfect gas with constant
specific heat ratio. At the exit from the burner the temperature of the gas is 2462 K. Neglecting frictional
effects in the burner and considering the flow to be one-dimensional throughout, Estimate the mach
number of the gas leaving the burner. Determine also the stagnation pressure loss due to heating (i.e.,
calculate the ratio of outlet and inlet stagnation pressures).
(16)
13. a) Using appropriate thermodynamic and aerodynamic relations, explain different types of expansions
across a CD nozzle exit.
(16)
(OR)
b) (i)Develop a generalized equation of motion using Newtons Law for a simple (ideal) rocket. (6)
(ii) Define various performance parameters associated with the performance of a rocket.
(6)
(iii) How does thrust vary with altitude?
(4)
14) a) (i) Draw an elementary schematic diagram of a liquid propellant showing various parts of the same.
(5)
(ii) In detail explain the need for cooling system in liquid propellant rockets and how they are
employed.
(5)
(iii) Explain briefly the working principle of a hybrid rocket using a diagram.
(6)
(OR)
b) A new solid propellant is tested in a configuration which yields a chamber pressure of 2300 psi with a
nozzle that produces an exit pressure that matches the 1 atm back pressure. The measured specific
impulse is 230 seconds. The specific heat ratio is estimated to be 1.2. In the second experiment, the
supersonic portion of the nozzle is replaced by one with an expansion area ratio of Ae/At =120 and the test
is repeated in vaccum.
(i) How does c* vary between these two experiments?
(ii) What is the specific impulse in the second experiment?
Note : The pressure ratio corresponding to Ae/At = 120 and g=1.2 is Pe/Pc =1/1521.
(16)
15. (a) (i) Explain the need for ion propulsion techniques in space. How are they different from
conventional chemical rockets?
(5)
(ii) Explain different types of electric propulsion techniques briefly with diagrams.
(6)
(iii) Derive an expression for force generated in electrostatic thrusters given a mass of propellant
with charge(q) subjected to an electric field E (Volts/m). Assume that the particle accelerates to a
velocity Vj through a potential difference V due to the field.
(5)
(OR)
(b) A rocket operates at sea level with a chamber pressure of 20 atm, a chamber temperature of 2000 K
and a mass flow of m=1 Kg/s. Gas properties are taken as constant and are known to be Cp/Cv =1.3,
Cp=0.36 kcal/kg K and R= 350 J/kg K.
(i) Show graphically the variation of the area, A, density, r, velocity, V and Mach Number, M,
with respect to pressure in the system. Can the throat location be identified from these plots?
(ii) Calculate the ideal thrust and the ideal specific impulse.
(16)
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