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Turbo Fan Engine Thrust

The thrust produced by a gas turbine engine is determined by three factors: 1) the change in momentum of air and fuel passing through the engine, 2) the momentum of fuel, and 3) the pressure difference across the exhaust nozzle. Net thrust considers the momentum of air entering and leaving the engine, while gross thrust assumes zero inlet momentum. Thrust can be calculated using formulas that account for the mass and velocity of air and fuel before and after passing through the engine, as well as the pressure drop across the exhaust nozzle. Total thrust of a turbofan engine is the sum of thrust from the core engine and additional thrust from changes in the momentum of air moving through the fan.

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276 views5 pages

Turbo Fan Engine Thrust

The thrust produced by a gas turbine engine is determined by three factors: 1) the change in momentum of air and fuel passing through the engine, 2) the momentum of fuel, and 3) the pressure difference across the exhaust nozzle. Net thrust considers the momentum of air entering and leaving the engine, while gross thrust assumes zero inlet momentum. Thrust can be calculated using formulas that account for the mass and velocity of air and fuel before and after passing through the engine, as well as the pressure drop across the exhaust nozzle. Total thrust of a turbofan engine is the sum of thrust from the core engine and additional thrust from changes in the momentum of air moving through the fan.

Uploaded by

LidijaSpaseska
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Thrust Equation for a Gas Turbine Engine

ThrustEquationforaGasTurbineEngine
Thrustproducedbyaturbojetengineisdeterminedby3things:
a) Thechangeismomentumexperiencedbyairflowingthroughtheengine.
b) Themomentumoffuel.
c) Theforcecausedbythedifferenceinpressureacrosstheexhaustnozzle
tomultiplybyareaofnozzle.
Thereare2typesofthrust:
a) Netthrust&
b) GrossThrust
a) Net Thrust: The thrust produced by a turbojet engine in flight. Net
thrustconsidersamomentumofairenteringandleavingtheengine.
b)GrossThrust:Thethrustproducedbyaturbojetenginewhentheengine
isstaticornotmoving.Grossthrustconsidertheinletmomentumbezero.
Mass
Bothweightandmassmaybeexpressedintermsofpounds,butthey
arenot thesame.Massistheamount ofmatter inanobject andisnot
affectedbygravitationalpullofearth.Weightonthehandistheeffectof
gravityonmass.
Mass=Weight(Pounds)

Accelerationduetogravity.


Mass=Weight(Pounds)

32.2fps2

Momentumchange
Momentumistheproductofthemassofanobjectmultipliedbyits
velocity. The momentum of air and fuel passing through a gas turbine
engine is found by dividing their weight in pounds per second by the
accelerationduetogravityor32.2feetpersecond.Thisisthenmultiplied
bythevelocityofgasesleavestheengine.
Momentumofairandfuelleavingengine=Wa+WfxV2
g

where,
Wa=Weightofairflowingthroughtheengineispoundspersecond.
Wf=Fuelflowinpoundspersecond.
g=Constantforaccelerationduetogravityof32.2feetpersecond
V2=Velocityofexhaustgasesinfeetpersecond.

Thefueliscarriedintheaircraft.Soithasnoinitialvelocityrelative
totheengine.Themomentumofairandfuelenteringoftheengineis
Momentumofairandfuelenteringengine=WaxV 1+o


V1=Velocityofincomingairinfeetpersecond.Thisisthespeedofaircraft.
Theportionofthrustproducedby thechangeinmomentum ofair
andfuelpassingthroughtheengineisthesumofthechangeinmomentum
ofairandchangeinmomentumoffuel.
Theformulaforthisportionofthrustis

F=Wa(V2V1)+Wf(V2)
gg

Insomepracticalproblems,themassofthefuelflowisomitted,asit
isquitesmallincomparisonwiththemassofairflow.
AirPressureatNozzle
Many subsonic jet nozzles operating in a chocked condition. This
meansthatairflowingthroughtheconvergentsectionoftheexhaustduct
reachesthespeedofsoundandcannolongeraccelerate.Theenergythat
would have caused acceleration now increases the pressure and crates
componentofthrustbythedifferencebetweentheexhaustpressureand
pressureofairsurroundingtheexhaustnozzle.
Thiscomponentofthrustmaybefoundbythisformula.

F=Aj(P2Pam)
Where,
Aj=Aeraofextentjetnozzleinsquareincher.

P2 =Staticairpressureatthejet nozzledischargeinpoundsper square


inch.
Pam=Staticpressureofambientairatthejetnozzleinpoundspersquare
inch.
Thetotalnetthrustproducedbyaturbojetorturbofanenginemaybe
found by combining of the two type of thrust discussed into a single
formula.

Netthrust(Fn)=Thrustcanedbychangeinmomentumoftheair
+
Thrustcausedbychangingmomentumoffuel
+
Thrustcausedbypressuredropsnetnozzle.

Fn=Wa(V2V1)+Wf(V2)+Aj(P2Pam)
gg

Momentumofair
Momentum
fuel
drop
exhaust
nozzle
TurboFanEngineThrust

of

Pressure

across
jet

Whencomputingthethrustproducedbyaturbofanengine,compute
thethrustofthecoreengineandthrustproducedbythemomentumchange
ofairpassingthroughthefan.Thetotalthrustthesumofthrustfromcore
engineandthrustfromfan.

Thrusttotal=Thrustcoreengine+Thrustfan

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