Playboy
Playboy
1
Playboy
Playboy
Editor-in-chief
Hugh Hefner
Categories
Men's magazines
Frequency
Monthly
Publisher
Playboy Enterpr
Total circulation
1,516,086
ises
(2011)
Year founded
October 1, 1953
[1]
First issue
December 1953
Country
United States
Language
English, many o
thers
Website
Playboy [2]
Playboy UK [3]
ISSN
0032-1478 [4]
Playboy is an American men's magazine that features photographs of nude wome
n as well as journalism and fiction.
It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and fun
ded in part by a $1,000 loan from
Hefner's mother. The magazine has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with
a presence in nearly every medium.
Playboy is one of the world's best known brands. In addition to the flagship
magazine in the United States, special
nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide.
The magazine has a long history of publishing short stories by notable novel
ists such as Arthur C. Clarke, Ian
Playboy
2
History
1950s
By spring 1953, Hugh Hefner - a 1949 University of Illinois
psychology graduate who had worked in Chicago for Esquire
magazine
writing
promotional
copy;
Publisher's
Development
53,991.[9] The cover price was 50. Copies of the first issue in mint to near
mint condition sold for over $5,000 in
2002.
The novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, was serialized in the March, Apri
l and May 1954 issues of Playboy.
An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate of the Month because o
f markings on the front covers of the
magazine. From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six-month gap in 1976), the "P" in
Playboy had stars printed in or around
the letter. The legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave
to the Playmate according to how attractive
she was, the number of times that Hefner had slept with her, or how good she
was in bed. The stars, between zero
and 12, actually indicated the domestic or international advertising region
for that printing.
Playboy
3
Rabbit logo
Playboy's iconic and enduring mascot, a stylized profile of a rabbit
wearing a tuxedo bow tie, was created by Playboy art director Art
Paul for the second issue as an endnote, but was adopted as the
official logo and has appeared ever since. A running joke in the
magazine involves hiding the logo somewhere in the cover art or
photograph. Hefner said he chose the rabbit for its "humorous
sexual connotation", and because the image was "frisky and
playful".
In an inter
view Hefner explained his choice of a rabbit as Playboy's
logo to the
Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci:
VX-4 insignia.
" The rabbit, the bunny, in America has a sexual meaning; and I chose it beca
use it's a fresh animal, shy, vivacious, jumping - sexy. First it
smells you then it escapes, then it comes back, and you feel like caressing
it, playing with it. A girl resembles a bunny. Joyful, joking.
Consider the girl we made popular: the Playmate of the Month. She is never
sophisticated, a girl you cannot really have. She is a young,
healthy, simple girl - the girl next door . . . we are not interested in th
e mysterious, difficult woman, the femme fatale, who wears elegant
"
underwear, with lace, and she is sad, and somehow mentally filthy. The Play
boy girl has no lace, no underwear, she is naked, well-washed
with soap and water, and she is happy.
"Hugh Hefner: 'I am in the center of the world,'" by Oriana Fallaci, LOOK Ma
gazine, January 10, 1967
The jaunty rabbit was quickly a popular symbol of extroverted male culture,
becoming a lucrative source of
merchandizing revenue for Playboy. In the 1950s, it was adopted as military
aircraft insignia for the Navy's VX-4
fighter-evaluation squadron.
Playboy
4
1960s1990s
From 1966 to 1976 Robie Macauley was the Fiction Editor at Playboy.
During this period the magazine published fiction by Saul Bellow,
Sean O'Faolain, John Updike, James Dickey, John Cheever, Doris
Lessing, Joyce Carol Oates, Vladimir Nabokov, Michael Crichton,
John LeCarre, Irwin Shaw, Jean Shepherd, Arthur Koestler, Isaac
Bashevis Singer, Bernard Malamud, John Irving, Anne Sexton, Nadine
Gordimer, Kurt Vonnegut and J. P. Donleavy, as well as poetry by
Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Macauley also contributed all of the popular
The Editorial Board of Playboy in 1970. Back,
left to right: Robie Macauley, Nat Lehrman,
Ribald Classics series published between January 1978 and March
Richard M. Koff, Murray Fisher, Arthur
1984.
K
retchmer; front: Sheldon Wax, Auguste Comte
Spectorsky, Jack Kessie.
Since reaching its peak in the 1970s, Playboy saw a decline in
circulation and cultural relevance due to competition in the field it
founded--first from Penthouse, then Oui (which was published as a spin-off o
f Playboy) and Gallery in the 1970s;
later from pornographic videos; and more recently from lad mags such as Maxi
m, FHM, and Stuff. In response,
Playboy has attempted to re-assert its hold on the 1835 male demographic thro
ugh slight changes to content and
focusing on issues and personalities more appropriate to its audience--such
as hip-hop artists being featured in the
"Playboy Interview".
Christie Hefner, daughter of the founder Hugh Hefner, joined Playboy in 1975
and became head of the company in
1988. She announced in December 2008 that she would be stepping down from le
ading the company, effective in
January 2009, and said that the election of Barack Obama as the next Preside
Playboy
5
buyout was completed in March 2011.
The Playboy Interview
Besides its centerfold, a major part of Playboy for much of its existence ha
s been the Playboy Interview, an extensive
(usually several thousand-word) discussion between a notable individual and
an interviewer (historian Alex Haley,
for example, served as a Playboy interviewer on a few occasions; one of his
interviews was with Martin Luther King
Jr.; he also interviewed Malcolm X, then coauthored his autobiography). One
of the magazine's most notable
interviews was a discussion with then-presidential candidate Jimmy Carter in
the November 1976 issue in which he
stated "I've committed adultery in my heart many times."[10] David Sheff's i
nterview with John Lennon and Yoko
Ono appeared in the January 1981 issue, which was on newsstands at the time
of Lennon's murder; the interview was
later published in book format.
Another interview type section, entitled "20Q" (a play on the game of Twenty
Questions), was added in October
1978. Cheryl Tiegs was the first interviewee for the section.
Circulation
The best-selling Playboy edition was the November 1972 edition, which sold 7
,161,561 copies. One-quarter of all
American college men were buying the magazine every month. On the cover was
model Pam Rawlings,
photographed by Rowland Scherman.
Perhaps coincidentally, a cropped image of the issue's centerfold (which fea
tured Lena Sderberg) became a de facto
standard image for testing image processing algorithms. It is known simply a
s the "Lenna" (also "Lena") image in
that field.
In 1970, Playboy became the first gentleman's magazine to be printed in brai
lle.
Playboy
6
In 1995 Playboy was returned to shelves in Republic of Ireland after a 36-ye
ar ban, despite staunch opposition from
many women's groups.[12]
Playboy was not sold in the state of Queensland, Australia during 2004 and 2
005 but returned as of 2006. Due to
needed
declining sales, the last Australia-wide edition of Playboy was the January
2000 issue.[citation
]
Litigation
On January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that Play
boy Enterprises Inc.'s (PEI) trademark
terms "Playboy" and "Playmate" should be protected in the situation where a
user typing "Playboy" or "Playmate" in
a browser search was instead shown advertisements of companies that competed
with PEI. (The decision reversed an
earlier district court ruling.) The suit started on April 15, 1999, when Pla
yboy sued Excite Inc. and Netscape for
trademark infringement.
Photographers
Many notable photographers have contributed to Playboy, including Ken Marcus
, Richard Fegley,[13] Arny
Freytag,[14] Ron Harris, Tom Kelley, David Mecey, Russ Meyer,[15] Pompeo Pos
ar,[16] Suze Randall, Herb Ritts,
Stephen Wayda, Sam Wu,[17] Mario Casilli, Annie Leibovitz, Helmut Newton, an
d Bunny Yeager.
Celebrities
For a full listing, please see List of people in Playboy 19531959, 19601
969, 19701979, 19801989,
19901999, 20002009, 20102019.
Many celebrities (singers, actresses, models, etc.) have posed for Playboy o
ver the years. This list is only a small
portion of those who have posed. Some of them are:
Film:
Marilyn Monroe (December 1953) (Never actually posed for Playboy itself)
Jayne Mansfield (February 1955)
Mara Corday (October 1958)
Ursula Andress (June 1965)
Carol Lynley (March 1965)
Margot Kidder (March 1975)
Kim Basinger (February 1983)
Janet Jones (March 1987)
Drew Barrymore (January 1995)
Denise Richards (December 2004)
Music:
La Toya Jackson (March 1989/Nov 1991)
Fem2fem (December 1993)
Nancy Sinatra (May 1995)
Samantha Fox (October 1996)
Joey Heatherton (April 1997)
Linda Brava (April 1998)
Belinda Carlisle (August 2001)
Tiffany (April 2002)
Carnie Wilson (August 2003)
Debbie Gibson (March 2005)
Playboy
7
Sports:
Svetlana Khorkina (November 1997 Russian edition)
Katarina Witt (December 1998)
Tanja Szewczenko (April 1999 German Edition)
Joanie Laurer (November 2000 and January 2002)
Gabrielle Reece (January 2001)
Kiana Tom (May 2002)
Torrie Wilson (May 2003 and March 2004 [the latter with Sable])
Amy Acuff (September 2004)
Amanda Beard (July 2007)
Ashley Harkleroad (August 2008)
Television:
Linda Evans (July 1971)
Suzanne Somers (February 1980 and December 1984)
Shannen Doherty (March 1994 and December 2003)
Farrah Fawcett (December 1995 and July 1997)
Women of Baywatch (June 1998)
Claudia Christian (October 1999)
Shari Belafonte (September 2000)
Brooke Burke (May 2001 and November 2004)
Susie Feldman (August 2008)
Karina Smirnoff (May 2011)
International editions
(starting at the accompanying date, or
during the accompanying date range)
Current:
Argentina (19851995, 2006)
Austria (2012)
Brazil (1975) (see Playboy
(Brazil))
Bulgaria (2002)
Colombia (2008)
Croatia (1997)
This map shows the countries where Play
boy is published. The dark pink indicates the
Czech Republic (1991)
countries where regional editions of the
magazine are produced today and the lighter pink
indicates the countries where re
gional editions of Playboy were once published.
Estonia (2007)[18]
France (1973)
Germany (1972)[19]
Greece (1985)
Hungary (19891993, 1999)
Israel (2013-)
Italy (19722003, 2008)[20]
Latvia (2010)
Lithuania (2008)
Macedonia (2010 )
Playboy
8
Mexico (19761998, 2002)
Moldova (2012)
Mongolia (2012-)
Netherlands (1983)
Philippines (2008)
Poland (1992)[21]
Portugal (2009, 2012)
Romania (1999)
Russia (1995)
Serbia (2004)
Slovakia (19972002, 2005)
Slovenia (2001)
South Africa (19931996, 20112013)
Spain (1978)
Thailand (2012)
Ukraine (2005)
United States (1953)
Venezuela (2006)
Former:
Australia (19792000)--see specific article
Georgia (country) (20072009)[22]
Hong Kong (19861993)
Indonesia (20062007)
Japan (1975)--see specific article
Norway (19981999)
Singapore
Sweden (19981999)
Taiwan (19902003)
Turkey (19861995)
Other editions
The success of Playboy magazine has led PEI to market other versions of the
magazine, the Special Editions
(formerly called News Stand Specials), such as Playboy's College Girls and P
layboy's Book of Lingerie, as well as
the Playboy video collection.
The growth of the Internet prompted the magazine to develop an official web
presence called Playboy Online or
Playboy.com, which is the official website for Playboy Enterprises, and an o
nline companion to Playboy magazine.
The site has been available online since 1994. As part of the online presenc
e, Playboy developed a pay web site
called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features online chats, additiona
l pictorials, videos of Playmates and
Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine. Archives of past
Playboy articles and interviews are also
included. In September 2005, Playboy launched the online edition of the maga
zine Playboy Digital.
The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS)
has published a Braille edition of
Playboy since 1970. The Braille version includes all the written words in th
e non-Braille magazine, but no pictorial
representations. Congress cut off funding for the Braille magazine translati
on in 1985, but U.S. District Court Judge
Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.[23]
In 2010 Playboy introduced "The Smoking Jacket", a safe-for-work website des
igned to appeal to young men, while
avoiding nude images or key words that would cause the site to be filtered o
r otherwise prohibited in the workplace.
Playboy
9
In May 2011 Playboy introduced i.playboy.com, a complete, uncensored version
of its near 700 issue archive,
targeting the Apple iPad. By launching the archive as a web app, Playboy was
able to circumvent both Apple's App
Store content restrictions and their 30% subscription fee.
Books
General compilations
Nick Stone, editor. The Bedside Playboy. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1963.
Anniversary collections
Jacob Dodd, editor. The Playboy Book: Forty Years. Santa Monica, California:
General Publishing Group, 1994,
ISBN 1-881649-03-2
Playboy: 50 Years, The Photographs. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2003, IS
BN 0-8118-3978-8
Nick Stone, editor; Michelle Urry, cartoon editor. Playboy: 50 Years, The Ca
rtoons. San Francisco: Chronicle
Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8118-3976-1
Gretchen Edgren, editor. The Playboy Book: Fifty Years. Taschen, 1995. ISBN
3-8228-3976-0
Interview compilations
G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview. New York: Playboy Press, 198
1. ISBN 0-87223-668-4
(hardcover), ISBN 0-87223-644-7 (softcover)
G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview Volume II. New York: Wideview
/Perigee, 1983. ISBN
0-399-50768-X (hardcover), ISBN 0-399-50769-8 (softcover)
David Sheff, interviewer; G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interviews wi
th John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New
York: Playboy Press, 1981, ISBN 0-87223-705-2; 2000 edition, ISBN 0-312-2
5464-4
Stephen Randall, editor. The Playboy Interview Book: They Played the Game. N
ew York: M Press, 2006, ISBN
1-59582-046-9
References
[1] (http://www.playboyenterprises.com/home/content.cfm?content=t_template&p
acket=00017B97-9135-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D&
artTypeID=00025AAE-7EF7-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D)| Playboy Enterprises FAQ
[2] http://www.playboy.com/
[3] http://www.playboy.co.uk/
[4] http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0032-1478
[5] Watts, p. 62 (http://books.google.com/books?id=m5b_eM3twmEC&lpg=PA24&dq=
stag magazine&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q=stag
magazine&f=false)
[6] Watts, p. 63 (http://books.google.com/books?id=m5b_eM3twmEC&lpg=PA24&dq=
stag magazine&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=stag
magazine&f=false)
[7] Watts, p. 64 (http://books.google.com/books?id=m5b_eM3twmEC&pg=PA64&dq=s
tag+magazine&hl=en&
ei=NZjNTuCxJojL0QGO0cT5Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEE
Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=stag
magazine&f=false)
[8] Summers, p. 59.
[9] Playboy Collector's Association Playboy Magazine Price Guide
[10] Playboy Interview with Jimmy Carter, Playboy, November 1976
[11] L. L. Clover, Evil Spirits, Intellectualism and Logic (Minden, Louisian
a: Louisiana Missionary Baptist Institute and Seminary, 1974), pp.
1819
[12] Sun Journal Google News Archive Search (http://news.google.ie/newspaper
s?id=JN0gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B2sFAAAAIBAJ&
dq=playboy ireland&pg=2550,4757731)
[13] Richard Fegley Biography (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1460800/bio)
[14] Arny Freytag IMDb (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0294682/)
[15] Russ Meyer (I) Biography (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000540/bio)
[16] Pompeo Posar IMDb (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1997612/)
[17] James R. Petersen, Playboy Redheads, Chronicle Books, 2005, p127. ISBN
0-8118-4858-2
Playboy
10
[18] "Playboy Magazine Enters Estonia" (http://www.postimees.ee/070607/esile
ht/meedia/264993.php), Alo Raun, Postimees, 2007-06-07.
Retrieved June 30, 2007.
[19] "Jakarta struggles with the politics of pornography as Playboy comes to
town" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/indonesia/Story/
0,,1697987,00.html), John Aglionby, January 30, 2006, The Guardian. Retri
eved June 23, 2007.
[20] Party Time in Milan as Playboy Comes to Town (http://www.corriere.it/en
glish/08_dicembre_04/
playboy_milan_3d0ad9e4-c217-11dd-9cf5-00144f02aabc.shtml), Corriere della
Sera. Retrieved on 2008-12-08.
[21] "Playboy Takes On World With Big Video Expansion" (http://www.iht.com/a
rticles/1993/11/03/playboy.php), By Richard Covington,
International Herald Tribune, November 3, 1993. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
[22] "Playboy Magazine Enters Georgia, Plans to Conquer Market" (http://www.
geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=4535), Nino
Edilashvili, The Georgian Times, 2007-05-21. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
[23] The Braille Forum, June 2000 (http://www.acb.org/magazine/2000/bf062000
.html#bf16)
External links
Official
Playboy.com (http://www.playboy.com/)
Playboy Enterprises Inc. (http://www.playboyenterprises.com/) (Corporate web
site)
Playboy UK (http://www.playboy.co.uk/)
Others
Playboy Covers of the World (http://www.pbcovers.com/)--Thousands of Playboy
covers from all past and
present editions worldwide.
Crossett, Andrew, " Index: The Women of Playboy 1967 2007 (http://www.aeolia
.net/playboy/playboy.
htm)", 2007.
anm, Ronbo76, Roricka, Rrburke, Ruud Koot, Ryan Postlethwaite, Ryan the Game Mas
ter, Ryan444123,
Ryanlively, SCEhardt, SD6-Agent, STeamTraen, Sadi Carnot, SaintHammett, Sam
Hocevar, Samsoncity, Sannse, Saranghae honey, SchmuckyTheCat, SchuminWeb, Scratc
hy, Seamus123456,
Sekicho, Sentausa, Shanes, Sheenmeister, Shivam22, Shnish, Shocktm, Shoehorn
, Shorelander, Shortride, Shorty 825, Shorty23sin, SidP, Skittlesjc, Sl1982, Sly
splace, Smarkman1, Solar-Wind,
Solipsist, Son of Somebody, Sonett72, Spearhead, Special-T, Speciate, Speedw
ay, Spellmaster, Spider-Man9x17, Spitfire19, Starnestommy, Static Universe, Stax
ringold, Stephen's black friend,
Steven X, Str8shooter911, Street F!ghter, StuffOfInterest, SummerWithMorons,
Suncrafter, Sunray, Superbeecat, Surv1v4l1st, Swainstonation, Switchtoglide, Tresh, TBrauns, TJ Spyke,
Tabercil, Tandrum, Tankkid, Tastemyhouse, TaylorzH, Team Red Eye, Ted Longst
affe, Ted Wilkes, TedE, Teddiedirector, Tellyaddict, Tenebrae, Tesshera, Textoru
s, Texture, Tham1334,
Tharskjold, Thatdog, The Anome, The Ogre, The Rambling Man, The Vintage Femi
nist, The undertow, TheDJ, TheKMan, TheLostProphet, TheMindsEye, Thedarkestclear
, Themfromspace,
Theo10011, Thethinredline, Thue, TigerShark, Tim!, Timc, Titoxd, Tommyt, Ton
y1, TonyTheTiger, Topk, Toquinha, Torsoboy, Townlake, Toymachinesk8er, Toytoy, T
pbradbury, Trebor,
Tregoweth, Treybien, Trick man01, Trident13, Trima1chi0, Trimalchi0, Trizza2
21, Tromatic, Truflip99, Turmeric, UberVash, Uncle G, UnitedStatesian, Ustas, Va
leriesherman, Valrith,
Vanished user ikijeirw34iuaeolaseriffic, Varunchablani, Vchimpanzee, Vegaswi
kian, Vicarious, VickieP, Vihrea, Vildricianus, Vital0208, Volk282, Vwat, Wafulz
, Wahkeenah, Wangi,
Ward3001, Warmon, Webhat, Weelambchops, Welshy, Weyes, Wfaxon, Wiki alf, Wik
iFew, Wikidemon, Wikiplayer1, Williamnilly, Wimt, Wmahan, WojPob, Woohookitty, W
ordsmith,
Xcentaur, Xiahou, Xky, Xyzzyplugh, YVNP, Yamamoto Ichiro, Ynhockey, Yummifru
itbat, Zackgdi, Zahid Abdassabur, Zoe, Zotdragon, Zouavman Le Zouave, Zujine, Zu
luagarules, Zzuuzz,
Zzyzx11, ^demon, , , 873 anonymous edits
(UTC)
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