INSTITUTE OF

BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY

NAME: AMNA IRSHAD

BB 2207
COURSE: BASIC RESEARCH METHOD
SUBMITTED TO: SIR FAKRUL HUDA
ASSIGMENT: RSEARCH ON
EDUCATION ISSUES IN PAKISTAN

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RESEARCH PROCESS:
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
My research topic is education issues in Pakistan.

HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION:
My research topic is Gender discrimination in education. Gender discrimination
is common in Pakistan especially in rural areas. People have a conservative
approach and they dont allow their girls to be educated. Thats the reason the
ratio of primary education for boys and girls is 10:4 respectively. In Pakistan
gender discrimination is on such a high scale that sometimes it is being observed
that the gender which is being neglected has no right to live or breath on this very
land.
There are so many questions which arise in mind but the important one is:

Q: Why people have conservative approach towards girls education in the

modern era?
The explanation comes in mind that people believe in old values especially in the
rural areas of Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, and Kyberpaktoonkhuwah and this

Ratio is comparatively higher than the urban areas of the country.

The people of tribal areas have such strict rules which are made only for females
as they consider the females going out of their houses for any reason as unIslamic. This narrow minded approach has affected the mindsets of the women
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so badly in such areas that they are just kept intact in the houses. In old times
people dont want their daughters to go to school because they thought that after
all a girl would be performing her duties as a housewife or a mother so then is no
need to get education.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
A question asked from people that:

Q: why people have conservative approach towards girls education?

60% people answered that in 21 century women are equal to men. They have

equal right to get education.

30% people answered that women are not made for education her duties include

managing her house. Education is not a right way for girls

10% people did not give any response as they dont want to serve their
comments.

COLLECTION OF DATA:
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ARTICLE FROM INTERNET:

Women's education in Pakistan is a fundamental right of every citizen, according to
article thirty-seven of the Constitution of Pakistan, but gender discrepancies still exist in
the educational sector. Patriarchal values heavily govern the social structure in
Pakistani society. Home has been defined as a woman's legitimate ideological and
physical space where she performs her productive role as a mother and wife, while a
man dominates the world outside the home and performs his productive role as a
breadwinner. Men and women are conceptually segregated into two distinct worlds. The
household resources are allocated in the favor of sons due to their productive role.
Education for boys is prioritized vies-a-visa girls, because it is perceived that boys must

Be equipped with educational skills to compete for resources in the public arena, while
girls have to specialize in domestic skills to be good mothers and wives. Hence,
education is not perceived as being important for girls. Importance of women's
education Education has been of central significance to the development of human
society. It can be the beginning, not only of individual knowledge, information and
awareness, but also a holistic strategy for development and change. Education is very
much connected to women's ability to form social relationships on the basis of equality
with others and to achieve the important social good of self-respect. It is important, as
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well, to mobility (through access to jobs and the political process) and to health and life
(through the connection to bodily integrity). Education can allow women to participate in
politics so they can ensure that their voices and concerns are heard and addressed in
the public policy. It is also crucial for women's access to the legal system. According to
UNDP 2010 report, Pakistan ranked 120 in 146 countries in terms of Gender-related
Development Index (GDI), and in terms of Gender Empowerment Measurement (GEM)
ranking, it ranked 92 in 94 countries Gender inequality in education can be measured in
different ways. Gross and net enrollment rates and completion and drop-out rates are
the ways to identify the gender inequality in education. Pakistan aims to achieve
Millennium Development Goals and also aims to eliminate gender disparity at all levels
of education by the year 2015. Elimination of gender disparity at all levels of education
requires higher allocation of resources on women's education. Strong gender disparities
exist in literacy and educational attainment between rural and urban areas of Pakistan.

In year 2006, the literacy rate in urban areas was recorded 58.3% while in rural areas it
was 28.3%, and only 12% among rural women. An interesting factor in this context is
that female enrollment was recorded highest at the primary level, but it progressively
decreases at the secondary, college and tertiary levels. It was estimated that less than
3% of the 1723 age group of girls have access to higher education.

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The state of girls education in Pakistan is far from optimal. There are 7.261 million
children out of school at the primary level, and 58 percent are female (UNESCO,
Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011). The Government has initiated a
number of efforts to bring about improvements in education outcomes, particularly for
the participation of girls in primary school. Pakistans efforts are linked to its commitment
to meet the Education for All (EFA) targets and the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The recent constitutional amendment (Article 25A) makes education a
fundamental right for the citizens of Pakistan. The article states the State shall provide
free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such
manner as may be determined by law. Educated female always play a significant and
essential role in all fields of life. The development of female higher education practices
has led to worldwide discussion of how to convey an equal education opportunity for all
without any sort of discrimination.

The female higher education is left behind in spite of the fact that it is most effective and
smart investment for economic growth of and development of any country around the
globe.
.

ANALYSIS THE DATA:

Recording to my research majority of the people responded that women have a
equal rights of getting education and other responded women are not enough
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capable to get education. So we can see majority people promote girls education
on Pakistan which is correct because we are living in 21 century not in a stone
age. In this modern era girls have equal rights to go to schools, colleges,
universities, and for professional education as well.

RECOMMDATION:

The conclusion of my research if majority people responded for girls education which is
a good sign that they dont have a conservative approach so we should promote girls
education rather than degrade them because girls are equally capable as boys are.

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