NSH-1
(A single conversion Super Heterodyne
40m band receiver for SWLs & New Comers)
by N.S.HARISANKAR VU3NSH
SPECIFICATION AND FEATURES
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Single Conversion
Stable VFO
BFO with pitch control !!
2W AF output
Roll - off AF filter !!
No wire link or jumper on PCB!!
Two types of antenna input !!
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All operating controls are at one side !!
Multi pitch for 2 types of ceramic filters
DG FET RF amplifier and mixer
Gain control for RF Amp
Easily available and economical
components
3 pole band pass filter
Now a days the art of homebrewing is changed to `plug and play manner and that
leads to the ruin of the real charm of the same and due to this the SWLs and HAMs loosing their
skill and knowledge in radio techniques. These kind of guys making lot of pit falls while making
their own RF coils, assembling and at alignment. I hope this project NSH 1 will give some
knowledge and a practice about receiver assembling, calibration etc. in do it yourself manner.
This is a single band solid state amateur band receiver project, meant for SWLs and
new comers. The complete sections are on a single PCB and all components for this project
are available in the local market. The criteria of this project is simple circuit with low priced
components, all operating controls on front panel including BFO pitch control, RF gain control,
volume control, tuning and AM - SSB/CW selector etc. for good speech quality audio, this circuit
employs a simple speech filter known as AF roll-off filter, which will give good speech quality
and it can cut the noises of neighboring stations. I spent 40 days for circuit designing, assembling,
testing, calibration, PCB designing etc. I started the first PCB which is manually designed for
the test. The main aim is to avoid unwanted jumpers and zigzag connections on the PCB. After
testing the PCB is finalized. The track side of the PCB design is as ground plain or called copper
pour or polygon type to prevent unwanted QRM - like inter stage signal coupling, leakage and
other parasitic problem. The total size of the PCB is 21.5 cm x 9 cm.
I wish to thank VU2ARA, VU2HRS, VU2VWN, VU2ITI, VU2VKC, VU3FID, VU2LLN and SWLs,
Mr. Rejeesh, Mr. Sajeesh, Mr. Vinod for giving enormous support and help regarding this project.
This project is dedicated to my mother Smt. N.S. Jayavalli and all SWLs and HAMs
BEFORE SOLDERING THE PCB NSH-1
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Avoid chaotic start, read the assembling manual thoroughly.
Check all components like transistors, resistors, coils etc. with multimeter
Check all styroflex (polystyrene) capacitors and its value with capacitance meter.
Assemble each section and check and tune it like AF amp, VFO, BFO etc.....
For best results in SSB, use Murata Ceramic Filter CFG 455 J
In NSH-1 PCB, you may find additional holes and soldering points. These are to
accommodate different size of components in styroflex capacitor area, Ceramic filter, S-meter
etc.
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 1 of 9
HamRadioIndia
FOR PROPER ALIGNMENT USE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Multimeter - Analog or Digital
RF milli voltmeter or RF probe
RF signal generator or RF oscillator - 7 MHz and 455 KHz
Frequency counter - 30 MHz type
Capacitance meter (which is usually found along with multimeter)
ASSEMBLING THE PCB
First you should assemble Audio Amplifier, then test it by touching your finger or a live
soldering iron at volume control input, it will produce humming sound on speaker. You can vary
the volume control to confirm its action. If it is OK, then assemble speech filter based upon
compressing of BC 549 C with associated resisters and capacitors. After soldering this section
put your finger at 20nF and 1K ohm junction. The speaker will produce a sharp audio hum.
The next stage you have to assemble is the VFO (Variable Frequency Oscillator) known
as Low Frequency Oscillator (LO). This is the most critical section. The main capacitor for this
stage is the polystyrene (Styroflux). This VFO section is based on BC 549 C bi-polar transistors
with associated components forms a collpitts oscillator. The frequency is varied (while tuning)
by a gang capacitor for tuning across the band. The VFO frequency can set at a mid position of
the gang by adjusting the slug core of L5. the VFO is to be tuned between 6.545 MHz to 6.645
MHz for the 7 to 7.1 MHz reception (Subtracting 455 KHz from 7MHz = 6.545 MHz and
Subtracting 455 KHz from 7.1 MHz = 6.645 MHz). The required gang capacitance is around 15
to 20 pf. We can use 2J or 2X gang with a series capacitor to pull down the total capacitance of
15 to 20 pf for 7 to 7.1 MHz Rx spread. The most important thing for the perfect stability is the
emitter - base voltage of the first transistor, it must be a positive voltage level (keeping the first
transistor in class A mode). Normally due to erratic component, real value and printed value of
the capacitor, vague design, erratic feedback occurs and due to this voltage becomes zero or
negative. This will give heavy drift from the set-up frequency and also will generate lot of
harmonics. In this design the emitter base voltage is around (0.37V) read by me and the maximum
drift read is around 30 Hz !!! If the feedback level of a VFO stage is low, the oscillation may
swing. If the feed back level is heavy, the oscillation goes to clamping or saturation. Normally
every home brewers using FET VFO for the stability, escaping from bipolar VFOs and they are
not at all achieving the stability. One can assemble this bipolar VFO with the cost of single FET.
I have assembled three numbers of bipolar VFOs and fully satisfied with their performance. The
RF voltage from VFO is set by trimming L6 to maximum level. The capacitor 100 PF styroflex
parallel with tank coil L5, or, 3 nos. of parallel connected 33 PF styroflex can be used for the
better stability. In this design I am using 30PF air gang capacitor (TDK Japan) in VFO. The
capacitor 22PF series with the gang is deciding the band spread level. Trim L6 core for getting
maximum RF voltage at output to mixer FET injection. It should be 0.7V to 1V. If the voltage is
more than one volt then reduce the coupling capacitor 180 pf to 100 pf at buffer transistor input.
For tuning system, I am using 36mm Japanese Vernier as a slow motion drive. One can
use the simple and pretty old tuning system employs dial drum, tuning spindle dial cord which is
much popular in the Radios. Then assemble the varactor tuned BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator).
After assembling this section, set the potentiometer position at mid and set the white IF to 455
KHz with the help of a frequency counter. The counter should be connected at the secondary
winding of the white IF in the BFO stage. The secondary winding is not at all used in this circuit,
which is lying empty. After setting the 455 KHz, shift the control to right and left, then you can
see a frequency shift. The shift is sufficient for LSB - USB reception. The IF stage is commonly
used in the radios and all IFTs are normally available (rosy with PF) in the market. Then assemble
the product detector, which employs BF495 transistor. The IF signal injected at the base and
the BFO injected at the emitter. This stage is working like a mixer. The BFO signal amplitude
should be 5 to 20 times grater than that of the strongest incoming SSB or CW signal if distortions
to be minimised. To receive AM, it is nearly necessary to disable the BFO circuit. Two input
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 2 of 9
HamRadioIndia
signals (IF & BFO) are fed into the product detector. The difference in frequency (after filtering
and removing the IF and BFO signal) is fed to AF stage. AM signals can be copied satisfactorily
on receiver which have good IF selectivity. The AM signal is tuned in as though it were an SSB
signal when properly tuned, the heterodyne from the AM carrier is not audible The regenerated
AF signal is taken through an RC pi-filter which is connected with the roll off AF filter input. The
IFTs should be tuned for 455 KHz with using a modulated signals from signal generator. The
ceramic filter SFU 455 B is a wide band width type. It is easily available in the general market.
The specific SSB narrow filter is CFG 455 J. This will give an accurate band width for SSB
reception. The mixer stage employs a popular dual gate MOS FET. Using FET, in mixer stage,
eliminate the cross modulation problem and reduce noise levels. At gate - 1, the RF signal is
injected from RF amplifier and in gate - 2, LO signal is injected from VFO. Due to FET mix the
LO injection should be high for the high input impedance of FET. The RF amplifier is based on
dual gate FET BF 966 S. At gate 2, the control voltage is supplied through a Potentiometer, this
will acts as RF gain control. In gate 1, the RF signal is injected from Band Pass Filter (BPF).
The front end is having 3 pole band pass filter, it will pass the wanted frequency of 7
MHz to 7.1 MHz. Tune L1 for 7025 MHz, L2 for 7050 and L3 for 7075 MHz. The antenna input
is marked like A and B. At point A you can connect any tuned antenna like inverted V or flat
dipole. At point B you can connect a fixed short length wire or a whip like 1.5m etc. and trim the
trimmer for getting more gain. After aligning L1, L2 and L3, tune L4 to get maximum signal. It
should be on 7050 Mhz. For a S meter, there can be a conventional type VU meter or you can
apply simply, any readily available, LED VU meter. For the input signal to VU meter circuit you
can take it from AGC line, AF roll off input, or from AF filter output near to volume control input
point and it is up to you. One can select the level from second IF output through a detector
diode and a simple buffer amp stage for an analogue meter reading (as shown in the block dig.).
The coils L1 to L6 should wind on slug core IF can type. Put some glue like quick fix on
the winding surface. First make more winding and then make less winding at mid position (32
turns first, then 2 turns over it). While winding you must avoid gap in between the turns and it
should be tight winding. The tank coil L5 is winding from mid position to top. Refer the START
point S and the END point E. After winding L5, L6 you should put some wax on its coil . You
cannot apply wax on the coils of L1, L2, L3 and L4. You should wrap a bit of cello type on the
coils of L1, L2, L3 and L4. The winding wire is 35 SWG or 36 SWG only. All windings are in
clockwise. For a frequency read out, PIC IC based frequency counter is most suitable for this
project. The software setup of PIC IC; in one mode it should be 455 KHz + VFO frequency for
7MHz to 7.1MHz reading, in second mode you can read direct counting so that you can read
BFO frequency.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
F.E.T.
RF Amp
Ant
IP
F.E.T.
MIX
Ceramic
Filter
PRO. DET
IF AMP
1
I
II
2
B.P.F.
R.F.
GAIN
VU3 NSH
AGC
B.F.O.
S
V.F.O.
AM-SSB
LPF
Pitch
Control
AF AMP
+12V
0 - 15V
0.750 - 1A
AC
PSU
+10V
+6.2V
+6.2V
L.S.
Volume
Control
AF Roll-off
Filter
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 3 of 9
HamRadioIndia
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 4 of 9
HamRadioIndia
L2
L1
2T at mid
32T
2T at mid
32T
End
Vcc
Start
Start
End
L3
32T
L4
32T
E
5 mm
Dia
Views of Bottom of the coils
2T at mid
Top view (900)
10 mm
10 mm
L5
18T at mid to Top
18T
Side View of Can
Start winding from Cold End, i.e., (DC Supply or DC Ground End) . Refer figure.
NSH1 40 m AM SSB CW Receiver Coil Winding Data
L6
32T
End
More Winding
Area (32T)
Start
Inner bobbin
at MID
2T
Ferite Core
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 5 of 9
L1
ANT
RF GAIN
B.P.F.
30P
22P
2K2
VFO
1KP
33m
1K2
G2
180P
470P
1K2
0.48V
6Z2
1W
220n
100 m
1000 m
1n
820K
15K
100m
TBA
820 M
56 W
100P
47P
470 W
8
10n
47m
47K
Log
1n
330K
10K Lin
549C
BFO PITCH
1.8V
22K
100 W
by VU3NSH
IF I
220 W
11.7V 40n
100K
40n
495
BFO
1K5
100n
10n
56 W
455B
SFU
820P
CFG
455 J
Narrow
455B
SFU
Input B - Short Whip or Short Wire Antenna
8 W 2W
4
1.63V
RF
12V
220W
4m7
2.5V
10n
10n
330m
390 W AM-SSB&CW
MIX
LPF
L6
to freq.
counter
100K
549C 100P
10n
1mH
4m 7
0.5V
10K
470P
0.76V
RF
12V
150 W
100n
L4
1M
BF 966S
1K5P
40n
11.3V
470 W
Wide
495
3n9
12K
1n
1K2
11.8V
AF - Roll-off
100n
47K
12V
0.25V
RF
10K
5K6
1.4V
10n
1K
1K
1m
549C
100n
47K
220n
20n
1K
100n
470
22K
2V
10.86V
495
680K
1N35
470P
10n
3.9V
22K
0.5V
12V
100 W
IF II
10m
40n
1N
4007
X2NO
5.9V
0.7V
820K
NSH-1, 7 MHZ AM - SSB - CW RECEIVER
390 W
549C
RFC
10Z
220W
549C
1K
RF AMP
H
100P
100P
12V
Ant. Input A - Tuned Antenna - Inverted V or Flat dipole.
H Sty.
TUNING
L5
L3
2.5V
3K3
6Z2
1KP
100K
100P 470P
- 9 / 04 -
L2
G1
4K7 LIN
220
ENJOY
15P
4.7P
100P
H H
100n BF 966S
0 to 0.29 V
0.36V
0.7V
2.7V
HamRadioIndia
NSH -1 Assembled Prototype 7 Mhz. AM-SSB-CW Receiver
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 6 of 9
HamRadioIndia
POWER SUPPLY
to IF, VFO, AF Filt etc....
IC on
heat sink
1N4007
to RF Amp
to AF Amp
7812
0 - 15V
1A AC
1000mF
100n
470mF
12V BTY (diode should be
attached externally)
1A 100V
ANTENNA CONNECTIONS
Socket
SO239 or BNC
From input B
From input B
From input A
From input A
Sockets
SO239
or
BNC
Antenna Selector
Switch
With Selector Switch
Without Selector Switch
Front view of the Assembled PCB
PIC IC based Frequency Counter
This is capable of counting
direct frequency and the offset frequency
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 7 of 9
HamRadioIndia
BFO FREQUENCY STANDARD LEVELS
Mode
BFO Frequency
Audio Beat
USB
456.350 K
1.35 K
LSB
453.650 K
1.35 K
CW
454.300 K
700 Hz
In NSH-1 PCB
10n
all are ceramic capacitors.
* 100 P
all are styroflux capacitors.
all are electrolytic capacitors.
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representing speaker connection, AM SSB switch
connection and power supply connection
The marking near to 180pF at VFO stage & in product detector may be changed.
If the VFO output level more than 1V RF, then change 180PF to 100 PF. If the
audio shivering happens (due to high IF injection) then you sould reduce the
470 PF capacitor (IF Injection to product detector) to 100 PF, 82 PF or
56PF to get clear audio.
GND
4
1- input
3 - output
2 & 4 - ground
CFG 455 J
1- input
2 - ground
3 - output
3 2 1
SFU455 B
REFERENCE:
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ARRL 1976, 1984.
Electronic Principles by Malvino.
Exploring Solid State Amplifiers by Joseph J. Carr
73 Amateur Radio Today 2000
RM 96 Project
Audio IC Circuits Manual by R.M. Marston
muRata, Telefunken, Elektor, Fairchild, Vishay
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 8 of 9
HamRadioIndia
The ** mark near to IFTs are styroflux capacitors, if you are using the IFT with PF type,
then you cannot connect nothing on that area. If you are using IFTs without PF then you must
use 2700 PF styroflux at ** area.
All electrolytic capacitors are 25V type, ceramic capacitors are 60V type, All resistors
are W 5% carbon type. If possible use 1% resistor (MFR) at VFO area.
Due to 455 KHz IF (Low Frequency IF), this receiver is having broadcast band (BC). Image
problem occurs in evening and night time. For avoiding this problem, the only solution is to
keep the IF frequency in a higher level like 9 MHz. Because of using 9 MHz IF, the filter should
also in 9 MHz and this will cost Rs. 1,500/- plus. So this is not at all an economic project. Other
solution is the Duel Conversion. But this will give a lot of troubles for a beginner in the case of
test instruments, alignment etc. In this design, at front end, 3 pole BPF is used to minimise the
image problem. If you are facing the image problem, you can change the antenna input to the
point A or B, or you can reduce the RF amplifier gain for reducing the overloading.
All rights reserved to VU3NSH (N.S. Harisankar) of Palakkad - 9/04. Reproduction of any
material from this project NSH-1 in any manner without the written permission of the designer
(VU3NSH) is prohibited.
For PCB, Contact:
N.S. Hari Sankar VU3NSH, Sankar Nilayam,
Ambikapuram, Palakkad - 678 011, Kerala, India. Phone : +91-491- 2576102
NSH-1, 7 MHz AM - SSB - CW Receiver Project- 9/04 - Page 9 of 9
HamRadioIndia
