Hydrologic Engineering Center
Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)
Sunil KUMAR
Director, National Water Academy
22 April 2015 NWA, Pune
Exercise
Objective:
To
determine
hydrological
Response of the given basin
for 500 years return period
event.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Assignment
This analysis consists of two parts:
[Link] estimate the IDF-curve &
Design Storm using formulae
given.
[Link] determine the hydrological
response of the Design storm
over the basin using software
tool HEC-HMS and to reduce the
peak flow by adjusting elevation
& length of the spillway.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Assignment
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
Rainfall
mm
124
66.4
52.1
40.1
76.5
73.4
47.4
82.2
34.2
48.5
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Year
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Rainfall
mm
54.4
63.6
52.5
29.7
112.6
42.8
46.6
48.3
230.1
67.2
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Rainfall
mm
61.9
97.5
82.4
55.5
63.6
31.3
63.5
87.1
77.7
60.1
Estimation of IDF Curve & Design Storm
Gumbel Analysis:
X T (T ) = X + K
X = Mean of the Sample,
= Standard deviation of the Sample,
yT yn
K = Frequency factor =
,
Sn
yn = Reduced me an, S n = Reduced standard deviation
T
y T = Re ducedVaria te = [ln . ln
]
T 1
T = Return Pe riod.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Estimation of IDF Curve & Design Storm
IDF Curve & Design Storm:
XT
Intensity, I =
* RF
24
28 (0.1) D (0.1)
28 (0.1) 1
Where,
X T = Max m Rainfall in 24 hrs for T years return period.
Regional Factor, RF = 10 ,
D = Duration in hours.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Estimation of IDF Curve & Design Storm
IDF Curve & Design Storm:
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: HEC-HMS
Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic
Modeling System (HEC-HMS)
A product of HEC under USACE
First version HEC-1 in 1992
Latest is HEC-3.5
Designed to simulate Rainfall-runoff
Small urban watershed to large river basin
Incorporates range of hydrological concepts
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Rainfall-Runoff
Parameters:
TL
Slope.
Soil type.
TC*
Antecedent Moisture Condition.
Vegetation.
Landuse etc.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Rainfall-Runoff
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Time of Concentration
Time taken by a raindrop to travel from the farthest point to
the exit of the basin.
T = 0.3(
L
J
0.76
)
0.25
T= Time of Concentration, if and only if,
L=maximum possible length traveled by a rain drop in a basin.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Lag Time
In a hydrograph, the time elapsed from the Centroid of the
effective rainfall to the peak discharge is generally called the lag
time (TL). But Soil Conservation Services has modified the
value of lag time as under:
TL
Tlag = 0.6TC * 0.35TC
TC*
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Loss Methods:
1. Deficit & Constant Loss
2. Exponential Loss
3. Green & Ampt Loss
4. Gridded Deficit Constant Loss
5. Gridded Grid and Ampt Loss
6. Gridded SCS Curve Number Loss
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Loss Methods (contd..):
7. Gridded Soil Moisture Accounting
8. Initial & constant Loss
9. SCS Curve Number Loss
10. Smith Parlange Loss
11. Soil Moisture Accounting Loss
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
SCS Curve Number (CN) Loss Method
Where
Q = Direct surface runoff;
( P I a )2
Q=
P = Total precipitation;
P Ia + S
Ia = the initial abstraction (initial loss); and
25400
S=
254 S = potential maximum retention
CN
= A fraction ranging from 0.1 to 0.4
Ia = S
CN= Curve Number ranging from 0 to 100
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
SCS Curve Number (CN) Loss Method
Soil Type
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Land Use/ Land Cover
Antecedent Moisture Condition
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Group-A: Low runoff potential
Soils having high infiltration rates, Eg- Deep sand, loess,
aggregated silt
Group-B: Moderately low runoff potential
Eg- Shallow loess, sandy loam, red loamy soil, red sandy soil
Soil Type
Group-C: Moderately high runoff potential
Soils having low infiltration rates, Eg- soils high in clay, clayey
loom, shallow sandy loam, black soils.
Group-D: High runoff potential
Soils having very low infiltration rates, Eg- Heavy plastic clay,
deep black soil, saline soils
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Curve Number: Land use/ Land cover
Cultivated
Pasture
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Forest
Wasteland
Orchard
Urban
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
AMC-I: Soils are dry but not to wilting point
AMC-II: Average Condition
AMC-III: Saturated soil condition
Antecedent Moisture Condition
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Transform Methods:
1. Clark Unit Hydrograph
2. Kinematic Wave
3. ModClark
4. SCS Unit Hydrograph
5. Snyder Unit Hydrograph
6. User Specified S-Graph
7. User Specified Unit Hydrograph
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
SCS Unit Hydrograph:
A
QP = C
TP
t
TP = + Tlag
2
Where
Qp = Peak discharge;
C = Conversion Constant;
A = Area of the basin; and
Tp= Time to peak
t = Duration of unit hydrograph
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Routing Methods:
1. Kinematic Wave
2. Lag
3. Modified Pul
4. Muskingum
5. Muskingum-Cung
6. Straddle-Stagger
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Routing Process
Muskingum Equation: S= K[x I + (1-x) Q]
Where,
S= storage,
I=Inflow,
Q=Outflow discharge,
K= storage time constant,
x= weighting factor.
Inflow
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Outflow
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Estimation of K, Muskingum Equation
K reach = 0.6Treach
Inflow
Treach
0.3(
L
J
0.76
)
0.25
Muskingum Equation: S= K[x I + (1-x) Q]
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Outflow
Basic Hydrological Concepts : HEC-HMS
Estimation of x, Muskingum Equation
Muskingum Equation: S= K[x I + (1-x) Q]
When x=0, S=KQ,
Storage is a function of outflow discharge only (i.e. prism storage).
When x=0.5,
Storage is known as linear storage, equally depends on inflow and outflow
Natural channel,
x ranges between 0 & 0.5 (most likely around 0.3).
The flow upstream is guided by the Inflow & downstream by outflow,
therefore, x of upstream must be more than x of downstream.
August 29th 2013 NWA, Pune
Hydrologic Engineering Center
Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)
Sunil KUMAR
January 29th 2015 NWA, Pune
