MN ess age POPOL WL Eran) Teac i Sa BS a aaa Pavey DESIGN NOTES ee enti emer) A avn‘CREATIVE DIRECTOR ladmnond A. Simonsen MANAGING EDITORS. Michae! E. Moore Fotert J Ryer Manacina ART oIRECION Manfred F. Mikuhn CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Jot. Bearman, JohnH. Bute srg) a0 eel Chratopne” Joh, Greg Casttyan Ee G Nice Korn, Gory klum David Janne Aiton, Ene Smt. Sean Share nse Wages EDITORIAL STARR. veh Civetan. eh Brien, card Fad Dace Boon Rene a ‘Hon AND SUOBOMPTION TULFLMENT. Pa! Cando! Img Richae! Georoe, "Sandia Hudson, ‘Sten on Ore MMOLESALE BULAN: There Can {ing Bicard Hon, Log Keen, Ane Lorbardo. ARANCE. Eestnce Ui mgr ighamea toramee“Oonagh Nae Serta Chisine, Fewne oan wanenouse. Sorc Sait ng) Emvice tony Teryson ug, yn SUES LR nips urns. ort a goa na i bs FOREIGN SALES. GREAT BRAM 6 EUROPE ree Mordat: Vera St Ausvata Te 10 S18 79) CANADIAN ‘Dor acne Oriana Wt Sch, Cain, eo ES APRAESE ‘ote sh cance Pont Hen C130, Yap She Kaka, heh seeemrene Looking Ahead to Next Time Ares 11. 10 will feature Return of the Stainless Stee! Rat, in which the immortal ‘im diGrie takes on a rabid computer and murderous programmer. Also featured will be a story by Harry Harrison to ac- ‘company the Game, Science for Science Fiction, Facts for Fantasy, reviews, and ‘much more, When to Expect Nr. 10 Domestic Subscribers: you have not received your copy of Ares. 1 by 9 Oc- tober 1964, notify our Customer Service Department. Please include your Custo- ‘mer Code and issue of expiration, both of Which should be found on this issu ‘mailing label, just above your name. Foreign Subscribers: Add eight weeks to the above date to alow for the lymphatic pace of international mail On the Cover John W. Pierard's representation of 3 Dagger class ship from DetaVee, the Universe tactical space combat system, and a scene {rom Dragonslayer, a Para ‘mount Pictures-Wel Disney production. te’ Prahar eter Sunde ‘Same Cansancn nang Fee Ofer, ures ony eng as certs n ARES tea oat on rca "gmat ot “FILM & TELEVISION MEDIA BOOKS GAMES. “DESIGNER'S NOTES FEEDBACK Muse, | suppose that i's impossible for you not to notice that the rules to this issue’s game are printed as a separate booklet. The total ‘page count of the twin-booklet magazine is 152 (390% inerease over the normal pages! ‘Thisis due partly to the convenience of print ing sll the Universe/Deltalee rules at once. Is also to allow you to buy the Basic Set of Universe (which includes the role-playing ‘material but not the tactical combat system) and thereby have 3 complete Universe game with no duplicate components. ‘We may very well folow this procedure con all our Aras games in the future — i.e print the rules separately — which is not ex- actly innovative; i's the way Strategy & Tac- tics magazine was configuied over 10 years ‘ago. | Would think that this would be con- sidered a “plus” to mast of you but do let me knowif I've presumed too much, Tine wth your indicatod desires, we've begun to include more game msteriai in the issue Isee The Sword and the Stars article) (On that note — the “House of Kurin® cap: sule adventure in issue 7 got a bad overall GREG COSTIKVAN etal 2 DRAGONNOTES ENCLOSURES: Ovni nap coment; Feaackcand manta THE MAGAZINE OF BERNCE Aeron ADVENTURE GAMING DeltaVee JONNH gUTTERFIELO REDMOND SIMONSEN inser Dragonslayer Interview with Produce: Hal Barwood MICHAELE MOORE ‘ mgr The Sword JUSTIN LEITES and the Stars ERIC SMITH 8 ing Non Sana Lasers in Space JOHN BOARDMAN, Ph © The Embracing bavioy. scHow ” cans re ited MUSE REDMOND A SIMONSEN 2 FACTS FOR FANTASY SUSAN SHWARTZ, PhO 3 ‘SCIENCE FOR in ean SCIENCE FICTION JOHN BOARDMAN, Ph.D 2 (CHRISTOPHER JOHN 0 DAVID. SHOW 2 ERIC GOLDBERG @ STAFF 2 DAVID JAMES RITCHIE a” JOHN BUTTERFIELD 2 rating but did very well with those of you who" are avid role-players, .Predicable ‘enough. But where does the wide spit in ac Cceptance leave us vis-a-vis printing meteral ‘not wanted by one group and highly des ‘able toanother? Redmond SPI 2570 svonsnsoun New York, N.Y. 10010, (21673-4103, SSPI i 2 member of the Hobby Industry of America, The Adventure Games Dison of the HIA, and the Game Manufacturers ‘RasociationSPlis proud to announce A Fantastic Game of Quest and Adventure based upon the exciting new motion picture from Paramount Pictures Corp./Walt Disney Productions A young sorcerer sets out upon a perilous journey to free a kingdom from the terror of earth's lat dragon. Along his route he acquires weapons, charms, and true companions toad him in his quest. Willhe succeed or fll vitim to ban dit, the King's men, or the dragon itself? Dragonslayer is designed 10 appeal to knowledgeable fantasy adventure ‘game players while at the same time remaining accessible 10 ‘new gamers, This fast playing, self-contained adventure in 200 full-color mn lair displays, res and game ‘cludes a full color 17°%22° map of U playing pieces, easy-aceess rules, and Drs plus compartment plastic tray. SIS at Separtments nationwide.iy INTERVIEW by Michael E. Moore Itis forty feet long and has e wingspread (of 90 feet. It snarls and spits 30-foot long ‘lames from its mouth, Itis called Vermithrax Pejorative, and its @ dragon, @ primal force ‘of nature. itis the creature the young ap- prentice Galen must attempt to destroy. Its also the brainchild of Hal Barwood and Matthew Robbins, who wrote the script ‘and acted, respectively, as producer and director of Dragonsiaysr, — 2 new Para: ‘mount Productions Corporation and Walt Disney Productions fantasy motion picture. ‘Though the picture features Sir Ralph Richardson asthe master sorcerer Ulich, Peter MacNicol as the young Galen, and Caitlin Clarke as the courageous Valerian, the ‘vue star of Dragonsiayeris the terrible beast, Vermithrax. British-born Brian Johnson headed up the mechanical effects during the principal photography in England and Wales, fand George Lucas” Industrial Light and Magic, Inc: (ILM) had an 80-man team work ‘on the special photographic effects for the film. The teamwork of Johnson and ILM under the supervision of Dennis Muren! helped create a true monster well worthy of testing young Galen's mettle, “There is something irresistible in the idea of a young magician who has not gone ‘through his rite of passage and who can’t really doit," Hal Barwood explained. "There {sa certain charm and relevance to the many ‘situations that seem to hang in the ir around sucha cheracter. “The story has its immediate inspiration in The Sorcerer's Apprentice. We searched ‘round quite a bitte come up with the grand {ask this foolish young man should under- take. In our research we came across the story of St. George and tho Dragon. Every- body's heard of it yet most people don't have the faintestidea what the story is about. “In the St. George story, the king finds himself in a terrible quandry. He loves his ‘beople and protects most of ther from the Operation is» partici Usalul method of {hoy atiompt 0 enlarge thew domains atthe fomshosein Empires. generating Resource Points (Gold) Al eee cae ‘Themajorchangeig te game systems Though many playesters and Empires eI MOREE. ogy siguia. theinvoducton ot th SurGuteinmores players own on te 8 unponorany sone re Game mwchanies of bow sire: gpiyer allowed toariack only tron rass ys StarGate il help e ayer move on ov Sprigeamar Aplaeretarawsantvent Sige ore ecacan 2 pert of ha emple, vere orotate rigor sich Bytes ot Sa Hols tr ees ee PNET ein Sword StorGete oliows aplverto LADAU or Fortin rect ot neutl but rasan cane denenen stack any system onthe gome man. Fests proftabl Sines each tyson has a Ree arout empires ord'moy hap an opsosng PAVE Must have ost sytor wih a Tech Source Vive es wel a3 8 Tech Lew, the Harous amore, sod may halo an apposng oul of wo ores hres isthe maximum most prota Voiding systems ae not Bes 5 ne, aye wo dew M2 nye gama velo he cn wile he Star necessary the most ation anes to 9, Star Cords, which in Sword feprsere tre Gale. Once tin ploy. player's to use The Resource Valve's ten added to adoro serrate case Reset etalk fa, govern at convert any athe’ andthe reat a fund on arabe eleing sagas of arr earch By ein9 system he doses range hes noetec Use OtaSfasauea Poms ganed ee Foe are eee: ota StarGatoineeasesthacest of an Opere- Another tactic whieh most novice Take ene Operation Tenseavons, thace i> ON, but the eblity fofstany system ame: players wil not use isthe Communications ‘ude: Conquest, capturing a system hat is J0"chengein play. Operation. There are two possible results Shier octane or Solonse to arotner One advantage ol the tarGateisthatit trom such an operation First, a Trade Con ier independent oF eaionds fo another eliminates the nevtbity of war InEmpre, nection mey be Toned which may then be Fe a oan eee te tho only way to expand ane'sempte Usually Used to develop 9 Treaty: a player roetves Ree nears rue fomeing i yee Level involved atacking.enadiacont players oress extra Victory Ponts atte end ofthe geme {Sect State: Communcate IDeiomecr|. rd thustouching off wa as acansequenes, for developing Treaties withthe syst he Scanacteeewitroltesireeerse Comes SWOW, a player can uso a StarGate to gwns. Second, 2 bloodless diplomatic con. Fane a ae eevee” conguerareutralsystem on the other side? quest of & system may occu hich nether Peale raring, ¢ payers syatem PY thomap. Without he SarGates there would puts tin revolt nar reduces its Tach Level Fe eng te Teer evel I bea greater tendency towards war snce the Communizatons is wey cost elective in Dior Congonst Operon? Cosaenwes Sword mapissmalle than he moves map. both time and money or @ payer witha hgh [Fertiteaton, improving the defences of, A”0t0e" advantage to having a system Diplomatic Sector ating. tystem: and in Sword only, StarGate, ‘with 8 high Tech Level is that it allows 3 ‘One feature of Sword that many players: Srstgms and Jn Sirord only StarGate. Flavor wobringhs other systems up to @high wil probably not use to uletiact unt hey sory ease ‘ech Level quickly, Unike Erprecwhere the are mace thoroughly exparienend with the ‘ech oleyr ry ply some oral of his YatOUS areas inakingdom can be nohigher game the Confederation of Wet, The Yea ay ay re oO ts than two levels above Soci State norm, in ffteen systems In the oontor of the map ee eee a aus Some 12452 Sword there tena mt. A player wha ls do- belong 9 a Holy Roman Emp of sort A apsing ther ayer a Tre ucts: ng well m Sword wil have many systems at sosion of the Confederation scaled when Sector Levels [Leases Siatareal ofthe Tech Level treo, As 9 consequence, Guar. one payer wishes to mit the sucrass of Sector Levels Leader Ststuies) of he gianWets (Foriicalons] are easior to Bul snother players Operation or when cet governnant the alaver's empire. Ths? Sd thus rebalkons are prevented or made wiggering functors occur. The Confoders Fee ee ert meena, fos ily in those eystems which ae taxed. ton’ may voto to expel 2 payer, n eect oth games. Arter number sfgsmectuns, Aealthy Vessury leo makes teaser to de- alienating him fom athe rst of the. Com Pepe] fend against Outworlders (Magnates, 2 federation systoms and systems owmnod by a group ol beings whe tke contolatasystem other pavers, ths incroasing hs ifeaty All the plovtesters for Sword were andbegintoatiack noghborngsystens.” gehewngsuccessin the game, ‘ready familar with the Empires game twat finely does arse, he control of @ "The politcal pul win the Confeders- System. Consequently in thelist fw games StarGate is wally impertant, foritallows 3 ion depends an’ the number of ster:within the organization a player controls wellas his Diplomatic Sector rating. The out. ‘come of a Confederation vote is determined by a simple majority of votes. Once a player 's expelled from the Confederation, he may ‘not take part in any further negotiations in the Confederation until reinstated, a highly infrequent event in our games. ‘Another unique aspect of the game is that players may vote to-end the game after a Ccertain number of game turns have passed. Most scenarios have two end times listed, fone is maximum limit and the other is the umber of game turns played until voting, begins. A player who is far ahead in the game can often vote an early end to play. This vote is open to all players, but Confederation members receive more votes for each Con- {ederation system they control. The Sword and the Stars offers players ‘an interesting strategic overview of the dif ficulties inherent in building and maintaining 2 galaxy-wide empire. Though it does have many similarities to Empires of the Middle ‘Ages, it definitely has its own subile dit ferences that give ita unique flavor. The Em- pres game system has proven well able to spawn an offspring with a distinctive science fiction character and interest. Justin Leives Designer's Notes Empires of the Middle Ages wes releas- ed in the spring of 1980. The reaction of the public and game critics was immediate and tenthusiastic. Unscheduled all night games of Empires sprang up at Origins 80 and other conventions held during the summer. In ‘August it was decided that a science fiction ‘game using the Empires system should be ‘designed and the project was turned over to me. My only directives were to reduce the number of card decks from two to one, ‘reduce the number of counters from 600 to 400, and reduce the map from full to half- size. These changes would reduce the cost (of the game considerabiy, thus allowing it to reach 3 larger market than the original Em- ‘pires game. Significantly, the number of ‘ules pages was not decreased; in fact, | was given free license to expand the rules if | ‘deemed it desirable. The final object of the ‘game would be to reduce the game's price ‘while increasing the game's value to the players. “The first thing | did was to play Empires and study its rules until | knew them back- wards and forwards. Then | called severat ‘groups of gamers, who played Empires alot, {0 ask their opinion of that game. | asked them what they liked best, and 2 clear con~ sensus was that they all liked the way the di- plomacy and player interaction worked. ‘They also liked the simple economics, ran- dom events and the quality of the map and physical components, The magnates and raiders were considered essential and should not have been optional in their opinion. On the negative side, everyone agreed that the scenarios were too long and that some kingdoms had grossly inadequate ‘chences 19 win (chalk one up to historical reaismi. Some players were also uneasy ‘with the more picayune historical imitations {and chrome. The overall opinion was that the ‘game was great; they played it often, they ever grew tired of it and they expected 10 Continue to pay itindefinitely. Some of them ‘expressed unease when | told ther that | ‘was working on a science fiction version of the game, they were afraid that | would ‘change the system for the worse, ‘With my mind thoroughly steepedin the ‘opinions of actual Empires players and after ‘my own appraisal, | sat down to design my ‘game. My first basic design decision was to Change very litle of the original design. 1 decided to modify the existing mechanics to fit an interstellar situation, but to keep real changes to a minimum. I wanted Empires players to be able to get into Sword with a ‘minimum of effort and yet have a different ‘experience, not just rehash of the original. | ‘changed the names of mechanics which are virtually identical in both games and ‘modified the Raider and Magnate rues. !also began to think about how | could create a ‘iplomatic entity by modifying the existing Church mechanics. | created the Confedera tion of Worlds and began to write rules. SAMPLE SYSTEM REGISTER My second basic decision was to change ‘drastically the way Empires played. | wanted ‘Sword to have new strategies and a different favor. At this point | sat down with John Butterfield, another SPI designer. John had designed Freedom in the Galaxy and was ‘currently working on Universe and Voyage of the Pandora; ne Is an encyciopedia for sci- ‘ence fiction literature and game design. We brainstormed over the design of the Sword map and came to the conciuson that it should be a modified hex grid to allow the possiblity of several types of movernent John also recommended using circular stel- iar readouts as he had done in Freedom, which | agreed was a good idea. | thought ‘out the different possible movement systems and decided to allow Operations [Endeavors] to be undertaken against adjacent star sys- tems and against others anywhere on the mao by use ol a StarGate to “jump” there. It ‘ater turned out that this one addition to the game system was all that was needed to altor play and strategy radically | then began to work on the scenarios. It ‘wes obvious that | had to reduce the fength ‘of the game and include atleast one endless campaign game. | also reduced the max- mum number of players from six to five since the Sword map would be half the size Of the Empires map. Once | had committed ‘myself to locating five separate empires in 9 discreet areas on a hali-sizs map, the sairal ‘quadrant layout almost designed ~tselt. | made it such that the number of players in @ ‘game determines which part of the map is ‘Used during play. ' designed one scenario, called the Five Empires Stalemate, and began testing the ‘game. As we tested, | began to rewrite the entire Empire rules booklet section by sec- ‘ion. I fed the new rules to my testers as | finished them. Immediately 1t became ob- vious that the Confederation rules | wrote in the beginning would have to be expanded. With the help of my testers we thrashed out a kind of forum mechanic, or Holy Roman Empire as they called it. We continued to work on this rules section all through development; indeed, the final additions toit ‘were made after the game had been turned into the art department. We were very happy with the rule for voting to end the game. | have used @ version of this idea in other ‘games | have designed and developed, such 28 Bulge, Pea Ridge and The Alamo. In ‘Sword, \ continued to explore another way 10 keap the players in uncertainty 2s to when the game would end. ‘During playtesting | created the mythos of the races and ideologies ofthe various star systems and created the other scenarios, with the help of Justin Leites. Towards the tend of testing we began to work very hardon the Galactic Cycle campaign scanario. The scenario was very wid and didn't resemble the other scenarios at all. | couldn't believe the strange empires which were being Created when the players had the freedom to {do what they pleased. Once the mechanics for this scenario were finished, | prepared the final draft of the rules and turned the game over to the art department. We continued to test the game unbl the last day before the game was sant off to the printer. ‘As a designer | am very happy with the way The Sword and the Stars has turned ‘ut. Ihope you enjoy playing the game. Eric Loe Smith Swordand the Stars Addenda Inadvertently, a rule about the Draka ‘was laft out of the rules, Also included is an ‘optional rule which will make the game more ‘exciting, [21.38] (Addition! When the Draka enter play, the Tech Level of Harvest is immediate- Iy raised to 3. Should the level ever fall below 3, iis increased by one at the beginning of feach Round until it again reaches 3. When the Draka leave play, the Tech Level of Harvest is immediatly reduce to a Level of [16.4] INTERCEPTING BY STARGATE (OPTIONAL RULE) ‘A Player may intercept any Enemy Raid or ‘Conquest Operation attempted anywhere on ‘the map so fong as the Intercepting Player ‘qwnsa StarGate which is located on his Seat System and the Seat’s Tech Level is 2 or 3 ‘and his Military Sector Level is 6 or 8. More than one Player may intercept the same Oper- ation {see 18.30. Important: A Playsr who Uses a StarGate to intercept may not expend more Resources in the Operation than the combined sum of his Military Secter Level {and the Tech Levelof nis Seat System. 1M10 SCIENCEFACT Lasers in Space by John Boardman, Ph.D. vor since the origin of science fiction magazines in 1828, 8 popular weapon for ‘SDacemen has been the "esinterator ry" Small, hand-held mode's substituted for Ito inthe sort of space epic WIch Wes ‘eal just 8 resriton Western romance, ‘mavod from the deserts of Arizona to ross (of Mars and substituting greanskns fr “red- Sein." Spacoships wore armed with larger \orsions of the same bless, ond bottes took place 3 spaceships vod to evade thir feneries rays and get thelr own aod pr mii is 1987 now The Star King: ay ‘mounted on the spaceship ofthe Galactic Empire proved capable of desvoying space Ita, netuing an enemy bate ost that oc- upiegtngt space “Fhe “dangrator ry,” or simply “ray. was badly overworked inthe sognce fiction Of that ef Eventualy fans began caling it “sometning you can't see that turns someting alco sean sorana vou ‘August 189%. an exled German rocket ox: port named Wil Ley proved tothe saistoc- fon of most of he current selance ton Fades that couldt be done anyway” In ‘ordor to pack a walop such asthe pulp fe Aion ateibuted tot, sucha ray would have to bo mage of coheront tght-boam raiation. Some way wouls hove to be found thet would take the erignalyrondom racstions from the rays sour usualy "charges" In Serted into the Bato ike shes such as are Tages inte 's fldpioce) anc make them aferent with one anather Ley wrote that this would be impossible, and that space Warfare would probably ia the form of Spaceships tring sold propcties at each ‘ther much ikecontemporary batloships Consdeting the technologies capabi tis of the te, Ley was quite eorect ut 8 1816 paper by’ Abort instr hed areody pointed the way towards making ave of Eonerent ight ozable weapon. Eitan Showed tat ls soi substance struck By § photon ofa artulr frequency, an aac tron nt can gue af anothar photon of the Same Trequency. thus refocong the Ine ‘dont baam of photons with anthe photon ‘of the some energy Theenergy of photon, fr unit of electromagnetic radiation SSopends aniyon ts requancy! To do ths thesia substance must be energited: some ‘ofthis energy wil peer 8s coherent em {edpnotons of te same Frequency asthe ‘dentphotons 1 was not uni the eaty 1950 thet Sought. For one thing, it would cause the “plication of weak redo Signals, since the fd would ba stmusted co amt he same Signl ino more intense form The theory behind those ideas. was worked out by CCharse Town nthe Unted State, and in Sependontty by N.G. Basov and A.M. Pro- rerovin the Sovat Union Townes and hie resasrch group put to- gether the ist practcal application this Princple t Columbia University i 1864. 1 Was called Microwave Amplification by ‘Stimulates Emission of Hadiation, oF masa The waves used had equency ot 23,870 Megahertz — approximately 100 tines ihe frequency of channel Son a elev San. The wavelongth was 125 contimeters ‘Ammonia molecules wera Used t2 intensity the radiation by stimulated emission. In O80, the prinaple was extnded to vile ght ‘the resutng device wes called 3 “ase for “Light amplicon by Stimulated érssion ot odation In order fr the laser efoct to occur, mast ofthe atomsin the amplifier must heve Sections nan exsted sat, Since the unex “ground,” state, is more usual, ‘sucha Stuation scaled an “inverted popu tion” AS they ae stimulated to give off ‘hoions of the same frequency 9 tha inc Sent photons, the sectons in these atoms. {alto ther ground stato. Energy must there: fore be suppied to keep up the inverted Population, and ths excited state must bo Stable enough to stay excted. For example, ‘ammonia was chosen for the fest maser Bocuse it has fairy stable excited state at (G.on0tekzcon volt above te ground stat, Tis energy eorespands tothe emitted fe: ‘quency of 23,870 Meganer ‘Since all the eryttod photons nave the same frequency and are emited by the sare races, the emerging beam i highiy cof. {nt and of one tequency oni, 0 “mono. hvomatie" This radation can be concen twated into an extremely narrow Bear, with fan nergy concentration which can be 9s high as 000,000 Magawetts per souBrecer- tieter. Since most othe energy input of @ Taser goes to keeping its electrons in an ox Sted Sat, thease device of ater lowe ftfetency — 256 at best. Howes, though {he output energy isonly few percent ofthe ingut energy i very eh concntateg “Thore seven tak now af exotic forms of lasers, such as @ Kay and a. gamma ay lase The shorter dlectromagnote radiation 'S, hemoreanargyitearres The vslolght [aber ig much mare powerful than the mesar 55" should Soom that Xray Or gamma fay lagers could carry more energy sil. Rex search, much of It clasiid for military Foasons, now going on in his particu re ofinauiy C Ey a Eo a Excitation State of gt isons stat of Won the Deexcitation enya Actes Pos, 18, Pc ae[An Xray lator would fst have to pump energy into the atoms of the heavier ol ‘mont, and then stimula the emseon of rays fom these atoms as the electrons in {heir lowest energy tevel fal back to Veit ‘ground states. The man problem ls Vat the rated elscvons in these heavy atoms ge ‘up thet excess energy so fast 2 pumped: Up Xray laser might tose most offs energy ‘rough spontaneous emision, botre the Stimulated emsson coulbe triggered “The evan more energetic. and far more hypothetical, gana ay ase’ would have have the “pumping” done in the intemal ‘orgy lovee of the atomic euceus. Untor {reat many technological developments ‘would have to occur before aworking model Could ever be produced The. fst Taser designed in 1960 by (Chal Townes and Arthur Shawiow, used a ruby crystal as tho aroiying dovico. A fuby fs @ crystal of aluminum oxo, with Small amounts of ebvomium which give the {ysis characteristic deep red color. The ‘rexgy levels within these eheomium stems ‘ave'a property that enables thar to store nergy unl tha incdont photons can cause Ito be released. White ight is supplied to “pump up the chvomium atoms untl they forman inverted population, Most ofthe fe- ‘quences in the wit light are capable of Buttng the ground-state elecvons of the Ghromium atoms into two high-energy bands. These bands ae broad enough {0 Store quia ® wide range of eoctons of ‘arous energies, most of which eventually ‘top to a nartow band 1.79 electron volts above the ground state. This energy cor- reeponds to ight of wavelength 8.4 nano. ete, wehbe omen eve sess Thelasor canbe aimed the ruby crystal 's formed into a cylinder whose ends are ‘rocsaly paral 0 each other. Ono ends ‘Covered th fully refective ior, andthe ‘ther with parti reflecive Miron A ‘Nahenergy discharge lamp in ahaa form winds around the cylinder, providing the ‘ergy thet pumps the comsum atom Up {o thet excited sates. As so0n as 098 Bee ton stops rom te fist excited state to the found ha, We ase acon ogee ‘Bhotens which ht tho mires. ae feflected back, and stimulate more emissions (ofthis same frequency of red ight. A frac: tion 'of ths tadation escapes through the patalyrflecing mor, forming a rarcow tam of coherent high-energy ved ight. The Fate of 1,000,000 Megawatts each a {armor of beam sounds appeaing tmorgy source since this i approx fen times the fota slctrical generating Bpacty of the United States, but the burst eri orenemionthofremionthot ‘Humans are not the fst to creat tit cffect for it has bean observed that Smulatod emission is going on in nature 36 ‘wot, Maser resiation as been detectog by ‘ado telescopes, coming tom hydrox! ‘molecules in iterstlrspace. The pumeing ‘mechani in ths case infrared radiation {fom nearby sas, wich excites heron " Flash lamp Partially reflecting mirror Ruby cylinder it © Ati Pr, a, Pr molecules into a neary stable excited sto. Wa photon of the right wavelength comes ‘along, a natural maser emission oxcuts, 29d ‘ther hydroxy molecules inthe some spare ‘loud of interstelar gas aso begin emitting hotonsof te same wavelength. Radio tl ‘Scopes detoct this emission ab microwaves, Tet aso known from molecules of water ‘siicon monoxide, and even mothy alcohol, 9 father sophstcgied molecule to expect 10 find in space. Some 300 natural hyeroxy masors are known In space. Mast of them ‘re inrepions which produce vitualy no wis ‘Bl ght but some ao nth outer ayers of ‘thebght, cool stars ofthe red giant aes, ‘One ofthe frst practical aplication of ‘the ruby lasor began in, 1008 A. detached retina inthe ve can be “welded” by 9 las 1 the choroid surface below thus restor- Ing normal vision, ‘Since then, lasors have also" boon appt to bran surgory. Laser beams ae 20 oght that they can cara grat ‘many communeations channals. A rar laced on the moon by American astronauts Ir 106, 1 capable of felting @ eset boom {tom earth, end fxctuatione a sm 9,15 Centimeters in the earth-maon catance can ‘ow be measured, Tha sar also has uses Inaborstones on earth, where they make Dossibie the measure of datances 10 prec! ions of 3 nanometers (3 bilionthe of & ‘eter, and thus make possbo the mere 2c Curate measurement of physical constants 9s gravtatonal Held can now be ‘measured 18 precision of one parti 100 ‘malo, “Te coherence of laser ght makes it possite to project theee-dimensional im Sges, Information of the tree-amonsiona Peston of an object can be recorded on Euitaio fim. A Taser beam i then Srected {rough this fim, ana the mages projected In apece, The frst realy public appication of “holography” took place In tha window of CCati,the famous jewelry fe, Ie 1972 Crowds of usually unflappable Now Yorkers stopped ‘wae on Fith Avenue to 8 8 woman's hand, emerging from darkness, Folding uo a diemond necklace, One passa by attacked the image with her uebrla, diciarng tobe" the deus work” it the devil is involved in laser technology, i far more ky 10 be con Sidering erty appestions, the rela tion ofthe “dsinteprator ray” of pulp-age SSence ition. A tight, coherent, high fnergy beam of photons would make a ex ‘alent weapon, The United States now Spenaing about $200,000,000 2 yoar in ‘developing such a weapon, according 10 {estimony presented ite lst year 1. the Senate Commerce and Transportaion Com mittee by 27 scientists. and. military Specalists, the Soviet Union 'S spending fom thes 10 vo tines 66 much. Reforing to Tasrs with pow less than 20,000 wats, the committee's report stated that “ow: ower lasor fesearansinco 1980 has con {nbuted more than another led to imorov- Ing mitary hardware.” Since the laser was only invented in TEE, its tary develo ‘mont was obviously being considered from {he verybesinning ‘Whether high-powered ritary lasors are feasible dopends on 3 numberof techn a questions. A recent MIT reporterpressed ‘Some skoptcism about the feast 9h ‘ower lor warfare among satltes. Four problems have tobe dealt wth: the design of {he lasers themselves, Incuding an adequate source for the pumping energy; te optics ‘eoded to guide the beams to te root aching devices neoded to follow moving {argats and te placing ofthe statin or Dit. One hundred tons of equipment would have to be ited Into otit Tor ech loser ‘2imed satelite, at an estimated cost of §121000,000,00 for each one. And the o- Cant experince ofthe US Armed Foreas n= Scares thet such a cost estimate is never 3 laser boom, from another satelite or fom2 tho ground. Alternatively, if a spy gets hold of the codes, false instructions could be sent to it. Even though the United States broke the Japanese naval code during World War ll-no ane at Pearl Harbor would have tied 10 instruct the Yamato to shell Yokohama, But ‘one hard-working American agent in Mos- ‘cow might be eble to provide the information that could lead to @ Soviet satelite hitting Vladivostok with lasers, (Or, mutatis mutan dis, Omaha.) Laser weapons would be more feasible it mounted on aircraft, or on the ground, ac cording to the MIT report. But better track: ing equipment than we now have would be ‘needed before airplanes can usefully be fur ished with laser weapons. Laser fred from the ground would be dependent upon good weather, anda general of artillery might quite reasonably point out that his. time-testes fioldpiaces can operate in heavily overcast conditions. In any possible future war the use of artilory-deliverod smoke would fur- ther limit any effective use of laser weapon, Stil, @ sufficiently powerful laser bear ccan stop anything — ICBM, tactical missile, airplane, satelite, or a platoon of religious fanatics wth Kalashnikovs, The Senate cam- mittee's recommendation was @ doubling of the amount presently being spent on laser ‘weapon research and development. The pre: sent Senate is even more inclined than its predecessor for which this report was made, to implement this request. The committee ‘chairman now having jurisdiction is Harrison Schmitt, @ former estronaut and. conse: ‘quently an enthusiast for a strong American military posturein space. Another use of lasers in space has been ‘suggested, which is further from realization but of greater potential use to humanity, Solar power asa solution to the energy shot ‘age is usualy thought of in terms of collec ling the rays of the sun as they fall on the fearth’s surface. But this method requires {good weather, and ignores the fact that the big yellow thing up in the sky is shut off an average of twelve hours a day. If the power ‘generated by the sun during the day is to be Stored for use at night, the storage facilities will either lose @ lot of the energy, take up @ {ot of space, or be quite dangerous. (The people who Object to nuclear fission plants ‘fe not going to take too kindly to the Presence of large tanks of hydrogen at a Solar power station.| Furthermore, solar cells cover a lot of land that might be needed for agriculture or as a scenic attraction. If there is objection to ruining the terrain by stip mining, there would also be objection to ‘covering itwith acres and acres of solar cels, solar power station on a satellite would eliminate most of these objections. In space, it would be exposed to the sun's rays all the time if its orbit did not rake it through the earth’s shadow. Neither safety nor esthetics would be a consideration; if'it ex ploded no landscape would be devastated — ‘ot that it would be likely to explode. The {energy could be sent down to Earth byalaser ‘or microwave beam, though the beara would have to be kept ver tight and aimed with an extremaly high degree of accuracy. The ‘beam would be locked on a target fecilty Which could convert the enargy into elec: trical energy and feed it into the already ex- isting network of long-distance transmission lines. Several alternate target facilities might ‘be needed ifthe rotation of the earth carried fone such site away from the range of the satellite. A synchronous-orbit satelite ‘would, of course, always be on the same side of the earth as the target facility, but it ‘would have to be at such a great distance that the beam would be unnecessarily spread Such a technology would make solar ‘energy available on a scale not feasible for earth-bound solar power stations, and would make it a major source of energy for human se. If suitable guiding and tracking devices ccan be develozed, solar power from an earth satellite could be made nearly as sefe as nucleer power, and with a much better public image. In the April 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction appeared 8 short story, Reason, by isaac Asimov, then a 21-year-old novice writer. The story takes plece on a solar power station in orbit around the sun, which beams solar energy to earth and other planets, The technology is taken for granted, land the story concerns the transfer of the station from human to robot control. When the executive robot seems to be malfunc- tioning, the humans worry that the tight beam will escape its target and cause devastation on the surface of the earth. All, however, ends well despite the robo adherence to an infuriatingly rigorous Carte: Sian logic that causes him to create a privato religion about the function of the power sta tion. For a story written twenty years before the invention of the laser, its a remarkably accurate forecast of @ project that now seems within the range of feasibility. The Nature of Physics, Peter Brancazio. New York: MacMillan, 1975, Physics in the Modern World, Jerry 8. Marion. New York: Academic Press, 1981 Exploring the Cosmas, Louls Berman and J.C. Evans, Boston: Litle, Brown, 1980, New Scientist, 1 and 8 January 1981, Lasers in Space ‘The long-loved “alsintegrator beam” of space operas might be expected to laser ‘as weapon, even in the vacuum of space. “The laser has long been known as a ‘cutting tool, its first such demonstration ‘occurring in 1968, when 2 carbon dioxide laser 54 meters long and with a 2.5 kilo- watt beam was used to burn a hole in a quarter-inch stee! plate. This demonstra tion set off much controversy over the la- ser as weapon of war, though a 54-meter ‘tube would be arather cumbersome thing to carry around 9 battlefield. Furthor developments have made the power ‘sources for lasers more compact: com- pared to the propellants of bullets and shells, however, a laser is stil a device of lowefficiency. ‘A laser also tonds to spread out just ‘as a flashlight beam does. The dispersion (angle of spreading) is much smaler, but itdoes exist. Laser dispersion is measured in miliradians or microradians rather than minutes or seconds of arc (1 second of is just under § microradians). Over an extended distance, a laser beam can be- ‘come quite di ‘The width of the beam at the target ‘can be obtained by multipiving its range by the dispersion in radians. For example, ‘laser of dispersion 0.1 microradian aim- ed at 2 target 2 kilometers away will have 2 width at that target of 2,000 meters times 0.0001 radian, or 0.2 moter (20 cen- timeters). At larger distances, say be- ‘tween long range space fleets, the spread Of the energy of the beam could be over ‘0 large an area that the damage, if any, ‘would be considerably reduced ‘Themost powerful continious beam lasers under present-day considers might be able to deliver 20 kilowatts of ‘power, though such lasers would be very equivalent of a battleship. Such a laser with @ dispersion of 10 miroradians (a figure within reasonably possible projec- tions of present-day capability) would deliver beam 1 contimeter wide at a lometer away. In space, ersing medium, such 3 ‘beam would indeed carry 8 grest deal of energy. Bombarding the earth from the ‘moon with such a beam would be another ‘matter altogether. The beam would then read out to a width of 4 kilometers, and ins effect would be negligible. (Pulsed lasers offer much larger energies, but for very short periods of time.) To determine the amount of power ‘that strikes at a specific distance, use the following equation: 4P/262, where P is the power of a laser with dispersion © ‘aimed at a target at a distance of r. The above formula gives you the power per unit area, and the width of the beam at the target is r@. By comparison, when the sun is exactly overhead it iluminates the earth ata power per unit area of 1,387 watts per square meter. ‘The accompanying table shows the ‘amount of power per square meter of a20 kilowatt laser with a dispersion of 10 rome bout Zeoconde far, ott ote ae ont 1 Poo Sex tee 0-010 2ex1O 118x109 wo 0026x1018 0! 1000 1.00 26x10 1.8104 10,000 0.00 26x10 1.8x102 00,000 1,900.00 2.6102 18x10 400,000? 4,000.00 16x10 10x 104 Notes: 1. This column represents the power received by the target as 2 muftipleof the sun's tensity as felt on Earth's surface (1387Facts for Fantasy by Susan Shwartz, Ph.D. God of Beginnings As mast people know, Jens wos the oman god wiowe nome prowded the root forthe mont of January. But he hed mary ‘ermesningsnFoman mythology a ws "fo sort with, mot even the Romans ‘nt og tina: So tart Insprea goons suggested that 004 vraeJant alo uoee sometimes inet ot ‘Diana for tre godess of tia un Because jena eres om us (te same oto he ‘tropa Daur rari Sus, gost ‘Reus’ wa’s Solr god befor he wos savings. olsoro wie. ha wou rato ok goa wor wide ne was rst SF doarways, wheter of pub gates oF ‘ts doors. ‘Snca. he wes commeny {ited wen wo Toes, Pe eau Observe fhe interior and exter a's house or sy. FS emes were the ey to open and ewe [ldoorsardtherodto drvsowoyinteloper Since he wes, god of the gates, he tecame he ged of dopartre and rer, 808 thereto, the godt a conmuncatons. he _wos oven supposed to have invented navige- on and'to protctall ports. ‘As ac0ar god, Ne waiched over dawns and, 8 8 god of beginnings, over a human because his cult sad to ave, boon instituted by Remus, tho founder of Rome, o Numa Pompllus, his success, the Romans placed his rituals atthe foretront of all ther reigious observance — even fshead of Jupter. He wes honored on the frst day of every month His tompla inthe Roman Forum had ‘gates which were open in time of war and osed in the occasional time of peace — ‘nce during Numa reign three tees under ‘Augustus and thon under Nevo, Mareus ‘Rurolus, Commodus, Goris ond inthe Fourth “Century Given that Rome. was allegeatyfoundedin the ery Eighth Century B.C, wo can soo that it was vary seldom at peace, ae Ela Magy Maraikert For centuries, the Byzantine armies ‘wore the most powerful on garth Byzantium fhe tho reputation — and deservedly 20, — for hing tho best marcenares, equipping fad paying them wel, and using ther Sl {uy All ths came to an end in tho Eleventh Century, “The Empire's principal ecruting ground had buon Armenia. Afters thematic. oF o> inl, ries were disbanded, Rowover, ‘Armonia fol nto the possession ofthe Sek ‘Turks by 1067 From tis port on, the Turks In that year the Salk Sultan Alp Asin (= Mountain Lon! set out for Syria and at tacked, along the way, sever! Byzantine towns, His beutenant Asn dd the same ‘Ung and took the forvess of Manet ‘Jenuaryofthatyoar. Thon tho Sultan's forces ‘became snowed up inthe Tzomandus Pas, ‘Urabe to move unt the spring tw ‘Alor he let Alp Arslan vance, the Emporor Romanus IV Diogones prepared to ‘attack the Salk’ rar free. Ho asso Bled 9 huge army Eze, some eight ‘ies trom Manzior Whi historians aque fn the size of ths army (estimates range from 20,000%0 one milion an = and even fecounting for boasting, that's a big rm, we know iow sisted of Byzantines, Russians, Khazars, ‘Alans, Uzes, Armenians, Germans, and Nor mans. The Emperor wos accompanied by part of the Vorengien guard (principally Scandinavians, with some E ‘cavalry of te Tagiata, eistocrats emong ‘he Byraninerogment ‘Along with the army came ‘numb of engineers, laborers, snd servants {operate the sioge engines, So perhaps on- ly Tory parcent of thes force were sctul Combatants, OF ths number, only a fracton were Byzantines oF regular army. The rest ‘wore poor in quality — ill-trsined, il Scienc forScience Fiction by John Boardman, Ph.D. ‘The Phantom Planets The usual astronomy text wil st the rine planets of the Solar Systm in thor own order outward from the Sun, from Mareury to Pte. Yet fom time to me ferred by their presumed elfecs onthe own planets. Only thre ties have these ‘eporsfeslted inthe genuine discovery ofa {iisiedged planet: Ursnus in 781, Neptune 1 18t6, and Plto in 1980. "Sometnes the ‘hject hae been too small to Bo a planet in ‘ood standing, and is determined to be @ here planetod (or "attra the fest of ‘hese was Coresin 101, andthe most recent ‘nas the eccentric Chton, which was found ing? in an ort botwoon those oF Saturn tedUrant ‘Many othr such reports have not hold up on further examination In 173. 2 Ger tran astronomer found an objet i the Big ipper whic he proctaimed to be 3 newy scoverod planet, and which he named ‘Slaur Ludonanum in honor of hie patron Landgraf Ludwig Vo! Hesse Darmstagt. Un fortunately for the celestial reputtions of both men the object tumed out to bea mere LUnpredicied irregularities inthe motion of Mereury were respansile for another phantom planet.” A contry aftr Si sage Newton put forward hs law of univer ‘gravitation, Mercury's motion Seemed not Brecisely 16 obey i The French astronocner Urban 05. Lever, whe had predict Neptune's existance from treguaniies nthe motion of Uranus, ted to do the same thing foe Moreury, and in 1880 claimed tht 8 planet, oF group of planets, closer tran Mer: uty tothe Sun was responsible. This planet Wwas given the name “Wulean," end sorts ‘wore made t9 find &. Shorty afterwards, 2 DDhysiaan and amateur astronomer named Ledearbault lamad to have eon Vulcan sit ‘made passage across the soar dst. Alter examining Lescarbeult’ rether prime fsuipment and ealeulatons, Levernar an ‘Round that Vulean had amass about one ‘roe huncreths of the Ears and. went tsround the Sun once every 197 days Wien {his was announced, an Engish setnomer ames Sento hat hea covered the planet in 847, and that its mass was realy Eebigas arm's, There followed over wwenty Years of controversy, mosty inthe tone aft Sow it" "No, you couldn't hovel” ‘Te contraversy faded with the deaths of tne major partigpants, but Was not finaly Fesolved urd 1316 In that year, Albert Ei Stein published his general theory af ati ty. which modkbed Newtons aw of Univer ‘gravtaion and accounted for the anomaly in Mlercry’s motion. The objects which the ath, Century asvonomers had seen against the Sus desk were smest cetiiy smal The on other page in the Solar Systm where there "room for another planets beyond Pluto. Unless someone is so fr tunate as actualy to soe such 2 planot ould be found ont rom ts gravitational {ects on known planets o° on comets. Since Comets ae so much smn the effects on ‘hem would be more obvious. As far back 9s therm: 18tn Contry. an 8-yoa-cd Br. Snmitary cadet named Souss wrote a paper ‘Suggesting a search ox comets whose orbs ‘would nave been afected bya Wane-Neptu Man planet. This 60 wos later taken up by the tambouyant French astronomer Camie Flammarion (142-1925), "The discovery of Pluto in 1900 dd not satisty everyone, It was considered 100 small fo have caused the observed ects on Uranus and Neptune, an there wore sto few lt-over comets whose orbits hed ob ‘ously boon perturb by a planet, but nat by-ony of the known ones, Shorty after Pluto was dscoverea, Waar Herey Picker ing pradited tne existence of tenth plant larger han any ether except Jupter wath ar (xia period of 656 years [compared ith 248 for Put, atan average distance of 78 times the Ears dstence from the Sun {compared ith 39.4 fr Pluto) In 195, Kar Schuette announced that eight comets wore“This made Emperor Romanus overcon- ‘ident. He decided tat instead of tyng 12 ‘estore he old frontier defenses ho cou ot ‘tual Battle of Marzket took poe on 18 ‘August. nt, Androntos Dukas, on enemy fof Romanus, spresd the rumor that the Emperor hed been killed. The Byzantines fll io chaos and panicked; Dukas witherow tis reserve forces, which might heve saved theday, and te army was cut to sveds, The Emperor himsel, surrounded by Ws Varan- lan, was ultimately taken prisoner by aSe- [kslave soldier. "The end had come to the myth of ‘Byzantne mtr greatness rantne Aras Ln: Oey Poon. Herodotus on Cats Herodotus ts of how cats ae hold sacred to Bubssis, the cat-haaded Egyptian But another one of as mare CON” were not for some very strange feline Gustoms. For example, whan the fmales The Mone Book Wandou, Pag, 972 tions wit inda at wellas China ‘Dutng the reign of Augustus, nda sont ‘several ambassadors to hum. One came from Goyion (modem Sui Lanka) to Claudius, ond ‘they kept coming unt the reign of Constan- Aine the Great. (Chinese records contain scoounts of how poopie lived in Rome's eastern pro fon Halley's: comet, whieh Is now ap. Drosching the sun and wil pass by it In February 686. But Bradys precitions were different trom Pickering’s X'had ‘on ob Dood of 484 years, and mean stance {5.9 tinos that of the Earth fom the Sun, Furthormor, th ort of Brad's Planet X ‘was tited 3t 60" to those of the other Danes, and the panet revolved sround the Sun 8 sense oppente to that ofthe other ‘ine, And Planet X was supposed tobe nor yas massive as Juptex though why an ob {Bel that size hd never bn sso Deore was Unexplaines. Nothing remotely the tent planet was saonintheregion of host townich Brags Calctations pointed. Other astronomers leviated that a planet tis se would have had effects on the motions ef the other Blanets which simply were not observed Moreover, ancient Cinase observations of Halley's comet showed that Brady had been ‘ingles presse igues for the ancient mo tions of that body Final, the mation of comets a they ass ner the Suni alected bby ater hinge than the gravitational ata: tion ofthe Sun and tha planets. As the co ft warms up, it emt jot of gas which ‘hangelts motion ~ changes that Brody had Spporentiyatrbured to the gency of NS Planar ‘Although Bradys calculations have not held up on examination, those of Sehuete Si suggest that a tenth planets out ther. Picker, Nowever,predeted its postion to ‘inthe dracton of th southern constel ‘on Indus, which snot convenient located for exemiation by northern hemisphere ‘bsenatories Getting observation tme an 2 Southern hemisphere telescope, fr such & Systematic seareh as ths, every diet So far the ast word on Plant Xi a sot of 1973 caleulations by D. Rawlins and M. Hamer ton, basod on ts presumed affocis on Nop- tune’s motion. They make this planet much ‘mallee than ithe Pickering of Brady ha ‘Uapested, indicating that 30 fn hat ‘walnotbe found easy Ha a Ice Sn Wr Mea Beware of the Plants: Several diferent varieties of plans have adapted to poo sail by evolving waysof sup Blementing thet diets win insects. The emus yap (tenaea muscu hashing (2d taps whe con cosa on on unwary I ‘Sect and hoiditas the pant digests. Compare to snimats, pants have very ‘sow relaxes The makes he mechanism of {he onus fy-vap wall worth study. Stephon \Witars and Barbra Prckard have recanty found thatthe Vap closes because cals on ‘the opposite sides ofthe raps motor organs fxpand at ctferent rates. This reaction 1s Fegulated by minute actical signals which fae iggered when an insect blunars nto the wap. ‘The Venus fly-trap seams to have ‘developed something of an ansiog to the ewe cals of animals, Armas rove the muscies by such signa, siggered ether by 3 Felloe trom local sta or, more ad ‘Yonced forme, eested aso Hom a central pntvoling machaniss Such ot the bran ‘The independent: dovelopment of such 3 _fucture in plant was quite unexpacted. ‘That wenerable hea, the "man-eating oe of Madagascar.” may come a ite dose: 10 realty when humens begin to explore othor Planets it might not be te0 good an tea to nd to cose to tho largor vegetation unt Ins capabities can be asoncod “The namo "Venus tiytrap" sounds mystifying you nave ot over seen one. But the name, a Credit to Victoran euphersism, 's quite justified by the appearance of the Fingod waps. This plant is docdedlyXote. In recent years, various parts of theinca, writer. people who based their 2: Sums onan ambossadors report tom AD. Sr inthis topo. the smtassador says that {he Romans “erehonest ther ansactons Sra eto doe preg = whch {Sevan a rom urea. srontmors st have come fo Chins al Tor the same acount reports hatin AD. 105 ‘Pine rith yer he Yor pero, dring {te Emporor Husn is egy the Kinga Te ‘Sin Roma Ann (the Chinese form of ntrinis Marcus Auris famiy noma) Sent on encase which offered them Noy, ‘anoeeron nem, and the ano Shel Ts cponngupase, ‘Alter te Pax Augusta in Rome, as may be imagined, trade between East and West Nlourehed. One of the most valuable cor ‘modities was pepper. It arived in such “amounts that the, Emperor nec ol an area inthe heart of Rome. This ‘called the ores para, or papper sheds, and was for the exclusive us of spice Imarchants. "And when, in 408, Alani the Goth hed to be bought off atthe gates of oma, pat ofthe price was thee thousand pounds of pepper Emperor Tiberius nthe Fest Contury'A.D. grumbled that Roman ladles pasion for Yoregn wares wre transtecing all their money to foreigners. Pry tho Elder word thet ‘por from ‘robia, India, and China cost Rome 550,000 000 sesiers annusly ~ a problem in balance-ot-payments that is, indeed, rothing tosneere at he Anca, Cnn, Maca, 136) Metal in the New World ‘A least two thousand years before th ‘congustedores conquered Peru in T5S2, ‘ota wae ued in South Americ. As with ‘he natwes who ved by the North American ‘Great Lakes, Peruvian fst used matalin ts ative sat, wahout sreting. In Per. % was notcopper but old. ‘The’ ences Peruvian. metal artifacts ‘wore omaments cut out of gold thet hed Been beaten into lat shoots. Uator Andean Ietabworkers, however, did, not need. 10 Festrict themsleves To. gold alono. The ‘evelopment ‘rusia with oe. 0nd chareoa) then ignited { Atthebaaa ofthe furnace burnt other fires ‘which Kept oxygen and carbon dioxide ol ‘dating ac the ore heated. As the melten ‘metal atte at he bottr of he furnace, fed wath gum or some other resin to give It feslloncy. The model was decorated with pallets and thads for detl, and 9 wax fun- ‘el ws added 30 that the metal could Bs Pouredinto the wax mold. “Then the mold was coated with an ‘cruisin of water and pondered charcoal to ingure a smooth sutaco. The Aztecs calls this charcoal water teculat/; modern ‘goldsmiths use sodum or potassium site ephiainstea, the modal was costed, It was covered witha she of moist ley and rush fe chercoal and eft to dry. Then the mot ‘was poured in. After it solid, the mold was broken, Where the, wax Ned ‘nally ‘eon was the gold srifsct which was now ‘teed of excess metal ond given Me final oli ina Wot rca. Froman nd Coney ey eae tb Ro ol Seay ‘AkKonightand His Dog Whon Titan left his lover Isolde in England end saed away to plce caled Swale, he was very fonely. Duke Gion of Swale, wo was Young, woalhy, and an adr’ ol good knights, roveed Titans loneiness ona ted to assuage it Onedayhe Sent fr fis Itle dog, Petter, which wos Supposed tg have core rm Avalon ~ that ‘mage bngdom to whieh Arthur would one orld. have been sfficted by several very festuctve earthquakes. But asthe mech name of earthquakes have become Bett Undorstood, methods of forecasting these Shosksmay be doveloped. ‘ran Brody and Willam Spence ofthe Us Geologics! Survey have gone out on © lm with the most detaiad prediction yet Though numerous astrologers andoceuttists have ted to get into the act, Brody and Spence aro working {rom less dubious ssoumptons, which hava od them to predict the biggest quako of th 20% Contry wilos ur sometime around the 1th tothe 16th of ‘Rugust in TE8. The aficted rgion vel be Peruend northern Chile, with he conte rar Lima. A sacond quake wil fellow Ue eat by sraays. “The region of Peru and Chie is par ticularly subject to oartnauakes. A tectonic Dibte under the sourneatara Pacific Ocon s presenty being “recycled” Bock imo. the ‘art's mantles the Gurent nthe mane ‘30 pushing it towards and) under South ‘America. Such situations, where an oceanic plot's beng subducted under a continental Pint, produes many eartnauakes, and one ‘Seems tobe forthcoming row. Lest scientific spores a0 also be- ing used. In January, the stock market ‘aalyot Joe Granvilabranched oUt end jeted that Las Angeles would be Sesroved by en earthquake in May 18 ‘And a British authorwh arusony Uses the pseudonym Richard A. Tips predic, in NS Judgement of Jupiter, that in 1982 the ‘lanes wil be aligned ina mariner that wil ‘ause widespread eerthduokes, His "auth ties" include the 17h Contry Franch oo Culists who wrote under the collective Pseudony Michsol Nostradamns, but thoy fso include articles by respectable scents Stour own ime. What “Tips” hadn't rea 16 that these aries wero, wien 25 parodies, or for Api Fool issues of popular Scent journas ho Seen a2 ry Nan YOR Ps Synchronize Your Hormones! ‘There are persistent rumors that if 2 ‘umber of aut women lve in te sme ousehald for severe! months, thei ‘menstrual eyceswalleome inte yrtronia. tion. A research team at Sonoma State Hospital now hos evdonce tht this actualy happens, and seams to nave ais Covered the mens. by which the syn thronteavon brought about, Seme weman Sr ppm apoio ggerg ts ro The Genevieve Switz, worked for five months with 17 volunteers. ‘ne woman, who had algedty previously triggered ths phenomenon, was instructed 1 use no underarm deodorant, o to even ‘Wash thre. Hee swost wos absorbed pads Which were then saturated with alcohol The ‘ther 18, none of whom wes using an orl ontraceptive or was living with another ‘woman, each TeceWved 2 drop a cay of fslconal on the upper i: for aight ofthe Sub |eets the dono wastaden wath sweat, whe the other egh the control group, recaived the aleahol env. None othe subjects knew tOvwhich group dhe belonged. ‘Attend offwe month, abut one of the women who received the sweat were boginring ther menstrual periods within one ay of the sweat donor The average for them wes 3.4'days, down fom an intial 9.3 ‘ays, Forte contra group, the te inion actally oso, rom 0109 Svs, ‘This seems (0 be the ist attempt in vestigate this phenomenon. The hormones tr phoronomes involved stil have tobe den ‘ined, ana thor is certaniy oom for specu. tion a6 to what evlutonary advantage there ‘wasin tis synchronization. Science City Many ofthe oer science fiction stores Imetropalis devoted entiely to scinite ‘esearch and populated by iteesearch work fs and techinclans, Indonesia, however S beginning 1 tum this dream into realty, and is bulding such cty south of Serpong ‘aubur of Jakrta, the county s capt tt ‘wll be @ National Conter for Science, Researen and Technology, and wil proves‘one center for the various projets now scat tered around the fr tung islands that ake Up Indonesia. The science city wil Rouse he Nationa Standards Laboratory the National DataCenter, and researen facies in atomic fenergy, geology, statistics, and even laroupace, Indonesia's second nuclear res tor wil b located there, as willa permanent exibition on the history of science and technology. The sence sity #8 expacted to beready by 185, “Today !/AmaMant” ‘Almost every culture in the world has 8 ‘manhood nual, which marks 9 BOY'S schevernent of alt status How for bck this goes was rveniod by Professor Alberto Blanein 167 with the scovery of cave in rotten tly The local people called the place 82519, or Wich Cave. Whether of not {hs name impbes in istored form ann herted knowledge of its ritual use Te arguable, but the tual tsalf sunmstakable Its guess i correct, then thecal legend grow on very litle moterel evidence, Because the cave was closed by a lands ‘many thousands of years ago, and nly un Covered recent Tho clay floor of the cave shows rnumorous pris of nated fet. and there mains of torches Used for thumination, ut fo toolsand no garbage. This woulaincicate that the cave woe used for sual. not residence. The foot shapes die trom those living humors but one ~ the nave Fabitans of tho southwest Pace sland of New Caledonia, Arthropologsts have long Kenown that th foot steleton ot the Now Caledonians resemble that of Nesnder breading berwoan th two racial ferent stocks of Homo sapiens, or maybe the samme ‘oot shape developed separately ‘The Neondertsnor use of the cave was indicated by the remains of smal cay bal, Sbviousy scooped rom the ave floor and Furled at a target at tho wall. The target, to fudge from a paw of deply indented ter Punts at he wal was ayoung Neanderthal Wino stood ther or some time. Some ofthe Say bals hag stuck a wall projection that fooks'a le like on animal these. were orally seropedott Professor Blanc’s analysis of this ‘evidence suggest that, toshowshis ination inte manhood, a youth was taken into scave ‘whe tare was on image tatom ora, ‘and subjected to a bombarament of clay pallets by his elds. Presumably he would Fai'the test by fnehing. since a men ho ‘cannot stand a barrage of ear petets would ‘ot bea good companion in 8 hunting party ‘then wid bull orthno charged "This presumaten indicates that the ‘Neandethelers ha fay comple tals and {soa fe in which they were embedded ‘This qualities thom a= being uly human. ‘The Reception Committee For about 22 centuries, astronomers have marked the regular retim of Haley Comet wc posses ner the sun every 768 Years Halley was the ft to realize was 9 Dorode comet in TB82, he predicted that Mould return n 788, which td, mokingits Iiat appearance bt one week before he tnd of tat year thas since turned iy 25 Sd 1910 and wil make te lest approach ‘othesunnestinFebeusry, EB Ths wil be the occasion fora project panned by the fist international agency to Goveop 2 space program. The European Space Ageney wil send Spoceeralt Goto to intercept Haley's comet. during is 1S86 ‘astage. No landing an the comet pan Fed, but tho spacecel wi monsure the con entation of gas and st around the head af the comet, and try to get otographs of the nucius. These photographs. are ex Doct to vey the bet prezont ideas about Ssovcated “dty snowenk theory of FL ‘Whipple. The nucleus probaby composed (of ke and other Horen gases, pus 8 sal Srmount of ust and rack As tna comet op lature causes the gases to mt to deft way from the cleus a a ta, and to gow. “This wil be heist venture ofthe Euro bean Space Aone beyond the mediateFICTION ILLUSTRATION BY PETER deSEVE - After Tillyard and Althea were in- e Embraci fe, soa Aton wor leased into the labyrinth and no one by David J. Schow heard their names again.18 “I love you ~ oh less. | can sense vou're fre with me. Besse be with me. Make ove tome. Now, qucy love me.” “Yes” Tilyard managed. slow. His voice, clogged andragged with disuse, sev (6 hit rouctanty — But than, the speech Dart was important. His nose prekled, Ns ‘yes, though sightess, darted about. "Yes. ‘Want to mao love to you so bay It's boon ‘0 ong; weben so alone." His voice crac {ed inte a'sob. "Touch mo. Take me." Ho retchd slot hand outino the darkness “At the sacond of contact, Tilyard ook ‘ed his ight am sovegaly arourd, puting ns ‘weight andthe piston force of his boop Deni the sre The blunt, buet shaped stone in his fist empactod where he knew’ 8 ‘kul tobe, the wet crunch was ampiied by {the cathedral accusties of the cavern, The thing that had bry toucted Ns am had time fora singe gu squeal before Rs e+ lowes were severed. Tilyard knew howto {ime the swing, now to place the blow til Inston and propery. “Tho thing olapsed to the stone flor fits blood! and brains ivulaing away Int ‘moisterannies of rock. Tlyardsareod whore the corpse had felon end straddle it, his legs repsteting the tngle of residual body hat. He cost uicly around and, sssurod that e was alone Lin tus chamber of the labyrinth at last, an ortho ime boing) he knelt ond used the stone to puncture the chest of the erature on the floor Its heat ‘was warm and sick. Tilyard sipped the har into his bloodbag: he could oat tr. ‘The cavern here wes too open ard danger: ous, and nohad to goto close was and nr row tunnels ‘All that wos in his mind was her face. ‘Thelestthingheha vor soon washer face ‘pair of bury Stockboys hed Whp- sawed hor against the courttoom Wal to Festain her She had sways boon more \sceal in her reactions, while Tilyard — ver the ats, Crtore removed from the fantasy eusterce most people thought of as the ren! word ~ hed been defested by mis limitless capacity fo atonaising even the ‘outrageous. He came to his feet but could not move; his very ‘senses were stunned by ‘heimpacto! theverdet Across the room they had not been parmited a single mo- trent together since the apprehension — ‘Ath wes up and moving before Tilyard teactes, ses O22eees Santee eaeroeriae emumaersver nis cain Beever ease wee eat ee ba ieee ert ere eres Semmens Soe eeeren mes re thrashed es they restrained her and the Ais cater smd tira. ‘Sentence. passed, Gsposition was in- stantaneous. The magico of the cout ‘anigd his lather cae On One of tho brood ‘ables. He took gest care inthe inspection Of his ampules, holding tom aganst tho light and nodding professoly at sach while Cuckng abseatly to himsel inal. "Wich first, my Lore ‘The Adjudicator,nonglussedby Althes's shorted atack, cockedan eyebrow ond sa, vtimtst Force er to watch.” "Teles hing Tilverd hed over ssen was her face, The high, round cheekbones that enhanced the value of hor sme. The con: Scionbousl formed ips, cool and soft. The ‘xressve contra brows arching above ayes 2 dark bqud brown, 30 dp they seer black. Her features, the fara topography ‘othe ace, wore stressed nowinto anger {o sortow, into heartbroken Tost and utr {rusvation. But th spit oil burned thee, 0 hereyes, eventhough itwas the end “They smemed het agaist the wal and vinyl lowes caught her trast In 2 choke hae, forcing har to watch as per command Towaten Tiara He Was. eiicentyimmobiies by ‘nother Stockboy. The bury mutant held fim{astashe struggled — thecordsjumping fealy out fom ie neck, Done now with Ni {titeing and spot-checking, the medico of the court approached. Tir noted cinical- Iy‘that the moden had some ort of spina ‘Setect hat orcad him to wal with crake Shula, body averted sideways, and that Hs left nand seemed partaly paralyzed. When ot in use, dren up against hs eho, ke the cawona chide daging ty. ‘Acfoes the foom she wos now sent, fighting to stop the ters that came nvolun- tanly at fist and then coursed down her face. Nether had done anything of which fo bbeashamed: that one present inthe court are ether way was more razon for emo {on now. OF al the Wuths thet might have punctuated tis moment, of al the dectara- ons Tilvard wanted to hear But ok notre uire of her, nothing wes heord. She had ecded not to ave the bastards any more. “Tiiyard felt a pang and tears generat nis owmeves He was watching har, cataloging the bbeutis of her face ashe wasjabbed, Healt the stol penetrate the crook ot hs arm: NS Muscles were tight against the hold ofthe Stockboy" The demon brew was, a8 he ex ected, hot and buming. He imagined Ms Fish scorching and" blackening with Its passage. Griting hs teeth, he dd -ot take Fis eyes off net. Physically dened, they lok ‘0d onto each othor with Ines of Sh and ‘caring. The chomeale mingled carly with fis Blood and made the cut of hs heart ‘nee, twice, an in the very cbtant ack {round Tliyard could eer the mater of tho out officals but ignored ith tars zscading rely down his face. He Dinko them avay to focus on Althea, and for tat ‘omont they were united. Nether sid any Thing about love twas not necessary. ‘And then the gray blotches blossomed ‘on Tiers cornane. They were ke patches ‘fice with erystalne bordrs that expanded ‘3nd Bogan te bleed Inte each other, inking Up like fibrous mesh. Stupiy, Tiard at- tempted to poo’ around the patches slowly Scabting over his eyes, even es he Tot hs ‘yes da: He could stl S00 Althea, but now sho too faded to gray tke abad vise image, becoming burryand indisnet At lost she ‘woe obliterated from wen. Thare was the Dabpabie sensation of Something thin and onporous cleeving to Tilvard's yes, ike Socal, but that wa reculous ~ twas the rug, And te drug was pormanent. 'And the petro of Althog he eld in is ‘mind was not the one he had just logged, Rather, he thought of how she locked just after they had made love ~ her eyes dark ‘nd sparking, the rolaved, contented at {tude of her face, tho nest row of UPD {oath visible as she purredin a dalicouslyiow ‘ealstor He could fool hr body manulacture the sound, as fetal the important Divote sounds she made. x usc. Tila’ knees sudaniy ‘wont to rubber andhe crashed oe: trst ‘to the courtroom flor. He fell down, the funneting rabotchole of his own mind, Swimeng in ae colors, fuming, hs fet striking hs face, inte unconsciousness. “Now her said the Adudestor, and Tiyard. hoard it before he passed out AAbrupty Wt seamed temiby. portant 10 show Al they could not best rim with thes drug, t say love you against ts ipige of disorientation, and he ted to force the ‘words out, past his moperatve vocal chords ‘rd-numb ips. He marshalod hs ealning ‘stength end pushed — she Mad to near 38 hhewas going down she had to. Now i was important "He pushed and fet the words Ieawe his body. Mis mind lated for 2 ‘ond, giddy wih Vctory..2nd hoving. sue. ‘Sei he et chin ck him down andaway. ‘Althea watched Tiara colapso in a hoop, as though all the bones hed boon with ‘raw ftom hs body without ceremony. He ‘Sumpled without» noise, and Tora second ‘even the Stockboys holding her were st redby the gotesaue sant ‘She wrested loose and managed to ‘reach te huge courtroom doors before they Battered hee down with thi tuneseons Blood flowed. copiously from spt and ‘sweling eyebrow, and the tas sprinied ‘Some. powder into tha wound befor jam ming her withthe need, “The officials ofthe court had no way of perceiving the massive halucnatons thet Escomperied the pre function of the dg, ‘he removal of sight Almost Ike some sort of bizar compensation, the show it provid esas spectacular "When she was gone, the Stockboys, en massa, looked axpectartiy Up to the Dench, Ike greyhounds awaiting & table soap. Tho ‘Agjudestor pondered a moment, then sai, You may run her though the Stockboy bar racks once or tiea before taking er to the [abyrenh” Themutants looked tach other andgtnned, “Three hundred ond five — no, si Ina place where there was n0 day. no right no time snd no chenge whotsouver ‘Tivard hag's sumtor Three hundred and ix How many he had tsled Kile’ and eatenCrouched tke 2 nasndertha man within a tight secure rice ofc, Tiara wosted down the seraps trom nis bleodbog, the ‘vers fom the coature he had bettered to (eath slmost an hour before A subjective hour purely —" inthe lebyinh there was ‘had been long ogo, an evry agohe had come to conscavanesespavled ofthe ‘ck fans. Water, rom someumere bore Dated onto his forehead in ortuous syneo: Baton 9p tap bap. The water smaliod He hat He coughed end the convUision sont Shockwaves slamming tough hs bran, he sfterbun of the dug was agonizing — so agoniang that at frst ho. Od not realize SBrathing ‘was Teeding on his lett arm. Something with evi ite rows of feth hog form tte fash and wes busy lapping Up {Tyard's Blood with 9 catike sandpaper tome “ker di not need to see. Hosting it ‘eatwastoo men “Rahn” He lashed blndty out the ‘ark ananaard te thing sete angry back Thought you were dead, mate, sory It sounded {00 sma o be apart the genetic rash perodeally shed. awey info the labyrinth and so possibiy wes a denizen ot theharsh place, anave, lung in hetunnels before tore wore Agusiestre and medioos ‘sndmutant Stockbovs, “Rnaty with Rise now, Tiyard could ‘only thin that he frst hing bo hag one in the labyrinth was utter aprimitive nose, take f wolent atom. The essence of rory wad intra ofpurishmant and sculpted bytheexoart mindatan Acjuststar “Since you favorita arm for usin your ‘abbie-fousingis barbarian’ and you wil not ‘desist You mil become a one wth us 3 Ssnage, thet you may poreone the di ference. You wrongly bohove us cts! nd primitive; this Causes unrest and dsatstac fon. Wie wil show "You what cruel and priv aro, We wl show you what tis 12 Beabarbaran”™ Tityard had 2 folowing inthe ats, ond that was Both dangorous. and Hustatng. Dangerous because t gave him anntligent audience; frustaung oocause. it wat on Sudlence that could not te counter propa encaed ~ his followers would never buy 8 Suddon conversion f wewposnt The judg ‘ment became necessary because it was 2 Dorsonal coup for the Aducheator: he had Gecided. to. make Tavord 2. myinvabject lesson. They would remember what happen fate Tilyar, "and they would take a ove from what ould also happen fos overly vocal com. anion, Althes, Yes. They would laen th Essocation was as evl ab provocation. 7 Dar of dissenters was blinded in the pre Serve fasion. They were consigned tothe labyrinth according to lw, to survve, ba barely, forever Thore ax no te in the [Boyt Tilvard licked the blood of his fingers, he ha Yost the last tw is ght Rand ‘ght tls ago ~ number Two Hundred and Ninoy ght or tives hundred and sx kis ne hac ‘bean searching for Athen tinal that tne had never once spoken her name, no" had he spoken hes own > two shreds of armor tat & protected him trom the things inthe Ltoyrinth and het Senlieh frm of ow grade telempatiy. They ware not creates of Species, Yet, forthe total darkness ofthe |Boyrinth, and using some batting frrow of ther mutant brains, thoy were able to detect Thiyard's” emanations” "The. love they registered for tha unnamed Teme blanks fut the more crucal message ~ that Tlyard Wwas.@eamnwore, integer, cunning, Brvsicaly stronger, The erestures absorbed {he dominant emotion and assumed the pe Sons a the female ae bat Tilyard reasoned {hat names meant nothing. He expioted hs ‘advantage ruthlessly, hor face was in Ns mind’ 35. ho ‘ludaeoned snd led” Ne thought ony of her eughter as the chorus ‘blood of the creatures cept past ha eos, Grenening hrm. And he rmembored het fame, hoping that somewhere in the aby. ‘inh she hadmanages tobe as canny. "Re bent othe trckio near his head and snilled The How was clear he drone rst and than rinsed the dey and Making blood Frama rms “Thete was a disturbance. Mentally he logged’ heavy movernant inthe chambet blow him and ha raze ike a pup on scent stoning” He recognized the wet slap and rag motions of one a the huge creatures re hodingowed 9 Suter. They wer rae nd massy, slmost impossbe Yo kil with thot option ‘pating and. tuskke teeth Tr lsaden movements were milacing ~ when angered or tented with hunger. thay ‘eared up on ther ind loge, uding eth ard 19, Cows to shved. They fixed on motion to at feck ~ thers were Koen, esl senses rather than human eapgestis ennenced by mutation ~ and so Tilyard id nt breathe, Sido woh Rather than actualy fecing the impoct ofthe Bow, Tihard heard tho ft paw whi fle Trough the apo to the sudden strike {hat numbed seni body to further sera tion. The pam had ne. time to localize yard had beon hit: he knew he was fling from is hiding piace, but was aware of nothing excep the white veins of lightning iched sess hes mands oye, andthe in erate tosseape, toavord contact. 1 26 TIE the FOC Hor of the ‘cavern causod the roa of Blood in his ars to subse. Ne heard the pag tic respraton ofthe beast st aavaneed on him, could smell the oy repiian sink of ‘oul ets bu curting aress the thik at ‘mosphere othe room. Agony lnoed up his Tope ~ lang on hs knees, he had manag 12 to break sorathing and could only Hop forwardontohistace. He gropedtorthebone knife sheathed neat 10 ns bloodbag and foundithed dattered away inthafal. One! the Shute’ taloned foot lapped the Jom Stonwincnes away frommstace, The creature gathered Tilyard up into lis mittee forepaws, rearing ack. on is ‘hog legs and sweepig him up ito the a. Tiare braced hs arms agent the thing's hot snout ying to push away in vai, Tor ext would come the sabe of paws hat ‘would open Tis guts up and then the low Testing way of ef ito the darkness. ‘2 toregn object blasting through with fenormaus farce almost rppod Tiyards arm ‘auay — itseomed to bea pole or rude spear ‘out four inches in dameter. By the sound, ‘had homed ion the Shutters tvoat Sd ‘was mbodéed wel, but the creature aid Fathing to deat the inury wos anything ‘ore than an annoyanes, It cutched te dn Far Tiard, lemiy There was movement {elsewhere nthe room, ut Tilyard was I ipable of Sacrmnaton "Abrupty the ‘Shui ltched sharly forward, surbrised or pushed from behind by ‘tg new attacker I hviekes, Not salva spat tering Tiyard. He felt the sickening vertigo ‘ofits aland realized he was sandvvched be twaen the massive beast and the floor The ‘ac rushed. Tiatd gave vent to 3 shiek of Fis own. abvaaing fs ragged soca equip: ‘ment with hes own absolute tera it Feverborated in the cavern but he never eardt Hs shouldrblados crunched onto the oor ard he Shutter was ontop of tim It teath sank into hs fash, and Tiyard mere {uly blacked out The place to which he wafted dreary ‘down wes pleasant his pan was tered out she descended. He saw Althea’ face, the pores umalss picture, again. He saw he ‘own face as wel, 06 he remembered t_OF fe hod no king of what his lace ‘might iook ke now, but wae 8 physoge ‘Romy yet unmerred by te changes cbs to his 'gonse of touch, face without the Scrubof beard of theses, or tne oust te of his atrophied eyes. A’ newde, a allRAIDERS OF THELOST ARK ‘rectors Sooty Etocwotetornetaduns cost Steven Spielberg and George Lucas have Boon good trends Tor over 9 decade Betwoen therm they are responsible forfour ofthe work's 10 top grossing fis. Four {oor 0g0, the par decigod to work together ‘no ib’ style cfthanger The routs on fsckon packed adventure ented fides of the Lost Ark, staring Harrison Ford and Keren Alen Lucas pu the fim together for personal reasons; maly dongitse can enoy | [ust wont t seo his picture.” The dea wes ‘5 old one for Lucas. “I wanted to make an ‘Setion/edventurekind of sara im. The dee ome to,me about the samo time | Pad the igea for Star Wars. got more intrested in ‘Stor War, 0 | put Fides on the sell, Tiguringts gtback to someday Production finaly began 198, with the fim beng released ths summer For {hose who love hate “good cean fun Yee ‘ofpetures, Raiders isdetntely tho mow Lidas chose to set Rs story TS in ‘order to take advantage of some intriguing facts, Adel Miter an avid student of ra (ous soctines and arttacts, boleved in Sswology and the power of the occult. Before and during the war he commissioned professional mvesigatons into al manner of feigio-ccnulistcars ‘sing these focts 22 2 jumping-off point, Lvoas weaves nis tl, begining tn Egypt. American Intetigence establishes {hat the Nans may have found the lost ty of ‘ans”Apperenty the mission fo find the ek ol the Covenant, lst since 96D B.C. The ‘Og Testament states that the Ark wil De rediscovered atthe ime of the coming of te ‘Tue Messah, 9 designation Mir desper ely cravestorhineat mesa leietaattt tt reac etearelas Scores ee is nnns emashtates oc ema i te pete eee a Eeneneere cet Sea ae eee nein = nn mare erie ee Sem ta ats Sen ep eeeea te SS eet Specs aes Se seins Gace Se aowaemae ae Pema mele ees Sarcreatentente Sissatin any cen cerouicet semen sencialta ne ees soa mn Give innate et area eeaareae Bosca Sno ‘SUPERMAN! ‘seein Pree ie Sars Sesto Serettrer rs Orv asewnan Sonenarote cost Every summa of at, moviegoers seem to tako part nan existent! drome — Witting forthe Sequel AS they wat they sways debate the sma question: "Wil be better than the fst?" The controversy over fhe question grows in dest proportion 10 the fist movie's popularity. Last yesr, fveryone waited for The Empire Sirkos rok, wondering how George Lucas could ‘ever top Star Wars Mes ofthe potential au ‘lence was convinced he couldn. When Empire tured out even better than Stor iors, gave us high hopes for future Tan they sequels like Superman Untontunatsy, dose goat expectations are not to bo ret this te around. Super ‘man has vary tla to recommend it overs Predecessor Ni. good fr, well worth the ‘watching, butits not touched with the same Kido greatness as was Superman, “The fr open with 8 recounting ofthe Kryptonian viens being sentanesd to the Phantom Zone, then follows another sot of fantastic eds, Whio being visually more ‘sunning than the original Superman ced, {hay ae manage to recapture the fst fi ‘through 2 qumber of clips which retl the tan of ste’ story preparing forthe con- tinuation, Generel Z09, Ursa, and Non ‘escape the ethereal Phantoms Zone, while {lex Luthar mateshis escape omnis eahiy prison, leaving the cumay Orisbehind. With free wats overs he sory ey 10 ‘nthe surface, things soem tobe inex: allot working ord The frst ily Ras boon ‘recounted: Supermen’s greatest foe to date 'S loose and looking for his bod 2 to of Super-powered meneces, el three ruhies, ‘Soaete iflers, aro’on thir way to earth. On {op of this, to romance between Lols ana ark Superman continues to grow. Having fl these elements, Superman I should be & Blockbuster but ts not Sadly, the Ure Tavorable comparisons to Emere contin In Empire, Joha Wiliams retuned to e- score hs original thames from Star Wes, Whe adcing 2 number of new pleces tai lugrantod the majesty and novelty ofthe film Like so many others of the orginal a. Uist, Wilms dd nt turn 9 Superman I butleft me scoring in terands of composer Ken Thome, Thome does @ Nighy compe. tant jo of resting Witam’s ginal musi Tei a good soe The problem, howe, s that it oly aveheshing of the frst there ie nothing Bolly or stkingly rw in t= and that isthe problem with a of Superman I There is nothing orginal to the sequel, noting now enough to. got realy excited ‘vr. The sucience notices the hale more than the novelty For one thing, Jor-E (Marion Brando) is sorely missed Although Susannah York does 8 tine 0 of fing in the spots which would have boon Brandes, she obvious pinch hitting: the seenes are evidently maant for Brando. The, tension betwoon tho “Father Sand the Son," the finely done God and Chit Ienagery ofthe fist ims gone, The lace of Geol Urawortsohotcranhy 0, parent leven though he fs created on the fim, vritte of te otage st btw Ns (hremsins). Pinal, Hichord Lester's Soctng sj conics too sharply wth tet of Richard Donne's to ‘allow an oven How Benwaen the two fae. "Throughout Donners work, there is 2 conscious stom to keep the Comady 108 ‘minimum He is 9 serous droctor When Grecting Superman Denner took the eston {aly simolsie material of 0 comic book, 3 Story ioral everyone in the word aresdy Know, and gave #8 surpising amount of depth and power. Lester, however, is another matt. He, in reverse, has alneys hed the abilty 10 lighten 2 selgus subject by showing us the humor inherent nit. Hove though, where @ Sharp blance betwoon the comic book and {he fim should havebaen maintained, Lest ‘ptod forthe broader ates and somotes Sitness ofthe cones, raducing Superman forthe love everyone foared tho fret fim Wouldbe. ‘Unfortunately, in almost all ways, the sequel is net up to shull. Although fveryone's acting est Fight on the atk, the-eting, directing. and the special effects fate not. Superman though highly spo ing, isnot what could have been. By tr. ing’ us hte ference, especialy where i‘matirs, Superman 1 fl into the category (of sequal containing such fms as Jaws ‘ohiysbeotbing and entertaining, yt betor ‘ims ony you never saw the oil. ‘Chnstopher John EXCALIBUR, peat Padua: oe Fm ‘creo Ress ature Jon Booman cont aston, Kinga ‘ene ly (one Smeg one John Beorman hasbeen entranced with sho lagond of King Arthur and his krights of {he round tabla throughout his ene fr mating veo Bis and plecas of ean be found in much of his BBC work, and {throughout most of ns fms. He wanied 10 tol the stay of what he cals “..our most ‘endearing ogand” fr over a docade, but his Screenplay and his arguments wore ignoced ‘bymostonrtas. Final after Stor Wore prov fd tht indeed there was a market fot fon {ase sudden found that backing for Ex Jurminatus trlogy Wie th nove deals with Crowley's Ordor ofthe Golden Dawn, which ‘may be considered to have some ration 10 {he lumina, the lumina perso have ile {odo withthe Bock. Similar, one suspects ‘hat the Book is published by Pocket/Tine- Scape 8s “tansy” only to get iton the SF Shelves: in fact, ‘sort of pseudo ‘atorieat novel, Wison isa writer whose work has = ceived ite atention, but whom | consider {oe one of tha best SF authors now wt Ing. He explores essentially pitosopnical theres 9s doee Din Va, but is prose Spectacular and filed with @ dark senso of humor. He writes, 38 you wil a= Vonnoput ‘might write Vonnegut were 2 Roertaran Warlock with a firm acquaintance with, the problems of epi temology. His Best know work the lym ‘atustlogy, co-authored with Shea, buts Kes nls mcbeby re marci an ;quous. "3 Cat ‘Masks of the Mumia dele with @ young Vietoran nobleman who joins the Seder ofthe Golden Dawn to pursue hs ‘Stes inthe arcana and shorty finds hi Sain 2 magical due with the ov wizard, ‘Aleister Crowoy. Pursued by oro, Ne fees across Europe unt he fasly meets ‘Alert Einstein and Jamas Jovoe na Bern ‘Switzerand. One expects that ikon wil leave the fantastic laments his pot nor Biguous imo, but infect there 8 ratiool explanation forall events ~ save, porhaps, were Crowley got the LSD. At the calming: tion of the novel, Joyce, Einstein and Crowiey take LSD together in what must Surely be one ofthe most bizare scenes ina Fooent ove, Masts of the lluminad is an essentially miner work by 2 mse but for al of that ‘Makes amusing snd thoughtful reading ‘Those Unacauainted with Wilson's work would do wel to pick upa copy ‘ve rever been much of fan of Gene Wate writer whose work has on hghy {outed within the genre, but The Shadow of {the Torturer and The Cow ofthe Conailator the fist two books in whet wil become 8 tetralogy entilod The Book of the New ‘Sun, are more thon enough to. make” 9 belover outatme, Tis fontanyseitshould DBewntton. Forget the swerd and sorcery the righty thewed warior. and the coloess rose of Lo. Guin ard imutators, forge Talkie, foe thet mater Wolfe's the maser ofthe genre. ‘Weites prose is melituous, complex, ‘and mythic” Sand fantasy have produced ‘ore writers of power than of sloganes prose, but Wolfe @ both Hi command of {he English anguage and the nance a style breathtaking Ns aby to provoke mood ‘Sndemotion profound. ‘Wealte dees not make the mistake, how. ‘ver, a5 50 many of SF's best sts do, of abandoning the strengths of scenco fetion fas he arterots to intograte the strengths of ‘annetream feton. xcalonca of prose Joas Rota Wolf's novels, maanlse of von or [eek of powerful themes, Though the Books hypnotic in tone and lazy of pace, they Are fle with ation, events of awesarietme on andieas. Severin, he protagonist ofthe series, Isbom into te torturers guid in a decadent ‘wort ofthe far future whoserascurees have Deen’ exhusted and whose technology is Slowly dying. He falls In love with & Acblewoman Gantined in the prions of th Terurrs and, upon her death, sets out To wander the world There he moots dives ‘ventures and, It soars, Becomes by the fourth book the autarch of the word, The Blotin and of tsi not an uncommon ene, Ean the writing and themes oe Te fan: taay ab shuld be unten: portentous vents, marvelous bangs, welders of rst Bowars,slandof terer ano eight. fate ever writes. another word, he wal hve ‘rede tisrmare Mired Bowney Broxon’s Too Long 2 Segre a sarge and touching novel at in Norton relsnd aogh MacNab Becomes enchanted bythe She, ad goes tole eternaly with them in sy barat the woven H mio, beat jon fim sna {hey ve unhappy and dearly among he Sidhe fr cantres. Then the waters Oe tii ty bog tof wit blood, fo te and Sbove tm span by Hoody confee, sna the Sidhe, about tod, othe two Marans {Droturn to ther word, Upon avg, Paw ‘mr tha to become seperated an Tgh fas in with» group of IRA tororts, wile tis wie mates fends with a polit Catho. tle gl They bovome the pawns of powers {hey cannot conta and the Goede ond ‘he’ Wis Hunt oniend we the bombs Bown eteer “The main strength of Too Long @ Secrton & Brosors tm grip on the eh ‘myn ond on abit 0 dha power and {rood of wonder inthe reads main vneakres'stheprose, whchsne moe han Sompstent and rater sited in aces, On {howhole however head ang shouiore Sbowe mat of the fantay boing pubis {odov, andl wort reading, ‘Gag Costtyan Verrthrax, tho last and most feared Fore Pe > {All spaceship counters are idenial, x cept for a identifying leter, The speci a. tebutes ofeach spaceship ae dtalled in the Seenario. instructions, the Spaceship At tebe Chart, and the Pod Attribute Char. The stats ofeach spaceship during ply i+ recorded on is Spaceship Log. The at Fowhead on each spaceship counter indicates the ciesion in whieh the spaceship Is mov Ing. Each spaceship counter must have a Velocity marker under it tall times. The bik ofeach spaceship counter is sed when ‘he spaceship’ force el race (ee 7), SAMPLE BATTLECRAFT COUNTER + > TA batlecraft isa smal, manned fighier spaceeatt that canbe launched. from a Spaceship, ll battecratt counters are ide tal, except for a leter-oumber that iden ties each battecraft withthe spaceship to hich belongs. For example, atlcraft AY [nthe fin batiecrat of spaceship A. The Inibutes of each batecraft are Stalled 00 the Spaceship Autbute Chart The satus of ach batiectat during play is recorded on the appropriate Spaceship Log. Once a bat {cera has bem launched, a Veiocty marker ‘must be under ital times. Unuldetected, batlecrat i kept face-down. The owning player may always inspec his unrevealed bat Herat; theenemy player may not. ’A mise is 4 self-propelled warhead that may be launched from spaceship with the’ requisite capabilities, There are Tout types of misses: unguided, guided. in teligent, ‘and MIMS. (Malt-otelignt Mise Syste, All missle counters af @ Single type are iSemical exept foram identity number (each guided missle has 2 leer ‘umber that ides It with she spaceship from which iis launehed). The autour of tach missles detailed on the Mise At tebute Chav and explanations follow. Thestatus of aunched mis isresorded onthe Appropriate Spaceship Log. Once a mise tee been launched, a Velociy marker must be kept under con the mise explodes ot Ermoved off the paying area The back of ‘each mise counter is kept face-up unt he tise detected by the enemy payer, 7 > Unguided Missle. Once launched, an unguided mistie may recive no Mancuver ‘Commands. 1s veloc) automatically in fGened ty one each friendly Command Phase ® > Guided Missi. A taunched guided mise may be issued Maneuver Commands duting ach Command Phase fa which the ship ‘ra sunched from is ssa a Command onvel hat particular guided mise > > Intelligent Missile. An intelgent missile ‘may be fed Maneuver Commands during ‘ach Fendly Command Phase > > MIMS. A MIMS is identical 10 an ncligent Iissle except that it-may” launch four Unguided mies itself“during any ‘one Iiendly Fie Phase Gee9.9). After doing 50, itisconsldered an nteligent msi, [2.6] A Velocity marker is placed under ‘och unit in play to show ts current Velocity. ‘SAMPLE VELOCITY MARKER 4 5 ‘The values of the Velocity markers range from 0 (0 8 and are presented in fe Genominations. The payers place and adjust the Velocy markers under their units 10 show each unit's current seloiy. No more {han one Velocity marker s placed under & Single unit ata time. A missle or batecraft {hat has been prepared is nol asigned 2 Velocity marker unt faunched. Both players may always inspect the Velocity markers Under allenemy and trendy unis (2.7) The game markers are used on the ‘Bim maps and the Spaceship Logs to ‘Show the status of various units. Planet. Placed on the sme map in accord. ange with certaia seenaros, Spaceships may Sometimes land ona plane or ues eravity welltoalterthe ship's eos see 6). ‘Asteroid Field. Placed on the same map in ‘eordance with seriain scnarion. "AN [steroid fel presents «hazard 10 an) uals ‘entering the hex Gee. 6) Pon et aE Energy Unite, Used on the Energy Unt rack of cach Spaceship Log to record the expenditure ofthe ship's Energy Unite dur ing play e 10.3). Prepare Jump/Jump. Placed atop a Spaceship that hes Deen sed Prepare Jump or Jump Command (207.2). > Direction Reminder, Paced adjacent co a tnt that has competed a 2g ap move inthe hex that the unit would enter next while ‘alnainingits intended siretion (se 61), Randomizer Chite, A 20sided die ie re {quired 10 play Delve. Ione snot ‘ailabl, tse 10 chs can be placed in an ‘Space, wide-mouthed container (ch at coffee mug). Whenever a rll of the die i ‘led for, blindly draw a cit obtain a aie rest. Alaysreturma drawnehitto the con tainer after noting te result 20 that all 10 chisarealwaysavailabletobe drawn from [3.0] Sequence of Play Delta¥ee's played in Geme-Turns: Each Game‘Turn is aivided. nto. six distinct Phases, tee Tor each player. The player ‘whose Phate isin progres i called the Phas- Ing player All etions undertaken by the players na Game-Turn mist proceed sity cvording tothe following sequence outline! 1. FIRST PLAYER MOVEMENT PHASE ‘The frst player (as asigned bythe scenario Instructions) must move all is spacestips, Dattlerat, and missiles curren pla. ‘Each nt is moved a number of hexes qual to ts current velocity inthe direction the unit pointing, in accordance withthe Festitons of 6.0. if a unit moved ino & hex occupied ba plane, the Phasing payer ‘may alter the unit selocy and/or direction (Gee 65) Ira unit is moved into.a hex oc. pied by asteroid, the Phasing player must heck for posible’ collision Gee 6.6). Tha ims is moved inte a hex occupied by an Enemy unit, ori atendy unitismoved into hex oasipied by an enemy mis, the Inercepion Routine must be conducted (see 30). 2. SECOND PLAYER COMMAND PHASE |, Detection Segment ‘The second player lips over every unrevealed enn unit within thre heres of each 9 is Spaceships. Once an enemy unit is revealed, i remains revealed forthe rest ofthe game. , Command Segment ‘Te second player issues Commands to each oft, All of his eligible spaceships, bat sleerat, tligent mses, and MINIS my be sued Maneuver Commands, Each of hi Bulded misiles may be issued. Maneaver Commands if the appropriate Bale Com ‘mands sued 10 the spaceship controlling the missle. An unguided misile may be ‘sued no Commands; however, the curren ‘locity of each of is unguided missiles mst nom be increased by one 43, FIRSTPLAYERFIRE PHASE The fist player may conduct laser and par cle re and/or lauach mises from each 3 Inselsile spaceships and batlerat “The result of each acer snd particle ire is determined “immediately, as each 8 ‘eclared. Each launched mise placed in hexadjacenttothe spaceship from which ts launched. Each Friendly batdeeratt may be teed to conduct one le fire (ols). Each friendly Spaceship may be used to conduct 2 ‘arable number of laser and’ particle ise tnd fo lunch missles, dependiag on the apabllties of is pods. 4 SECOND PLAYER MOVEMENT PHASE Te cand player conduts the activities Istedin Phase | 5, FIRSTPLAYER COMMAND PHASE “Tine ist player condet the atts listed inPhave3, 6, SECOND PLAYER FIRE PHASE The second player conducts the activities Istedin Phase ‘One Game-Turn is now competed and another is begun. The players continue ths Sequence uni one player has uid nis ie teryconditons. [4.0] Spaceships GENERAL RULE: "The 2 spaceship Classes from which the players are assigned ships in DelaVee vary ‘ridely in size and quality. Each spaceship ‘cally all with one (6 I2atached pods, (Mote: The two Terwilicker ship Classes are fonsidered batteeraft and. do not carry pods.) In addition tothe information iste for each spaceship Clason the Spaces tribute Chart, each ship poseses a sub fight engine, bridge with nvigntion eau ment, and living quarters for a crew ocesaary to keep the eal using, Four is distil concerns produce he spaceships: ‘Terwilicker Spaceworks, Inc. manufac tures the Terilicker 3000, @high-qualty tworpetsom crafty andthe Terwilcker ight, an innovative adaptation ofthe $00 ‘esignd fr milary we Blades Retearch Institute produces miltary eraftunder longterm contact. The Dagger, Sword, and Spear Class ships are thelr most sucessful modes Harmonies Ine. spevializesin finely crated Ships Tor government and high level cor porate use. The Pleolo, Fut, and Clarinet Fepresent thetop of thei. ‘The Coreo Group manufactures a large line ‘of commercial vessels, often sacrificing pet- {ormance for economy. The Gamma ete, and Mu Classes are well-suited for transport