DESIGN OF A LOW TEMPERATURE SEPERATOR FOR THE PRODUCTION

OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) FROM JUBILEE OIL FIELD

A Plant Design Project Report

Presented to the
Department of Chemical Engineering
College of Engineering
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi

by

AKUJOBI CHUKWUEMEKA ANTHONY

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science (HONS)
Petrochemical Engineering

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 DESIGN OF A LOW TEMPERATURE SEPARATOR..................................................1
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT..................................................................................1
1.2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1
1.3 MAIN OBJECTIVES........................................................................................ 1
1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES................................................................................... 2
1.5 RELEVANCE OF WORK.................................................................................. 2
1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................... 2
1.7 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION...................................................6
1.8 MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION......................................................................6
1.9 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN.................................................................7
1.9.1 Vertical terminal vapor velocity (UT):...............................................................7
1.9.2 Vapor velocity (UV)..................................................................................... 8
1.9.3 Vapor volumetric flow rate (QV)......................................................................8
1.9.3 The vessel internal diameter (DVD)...................................................................9
1.9.4 Light and heavy liquid volumetric flow rates, QLL and QHL.....................................9
1.9.5 Settling velocity of heavy liquid....................................................................10
1.9.6 Rising velocity of light liquid.......................................................................10
1.9.7 Settling time for heavy liquid.......................................................................10
1.9.8 Settling time for heavy liquid.......................................................................11
1.9.9 Baffle plate area........................................................................................ 11
1.9.10 Residence time of light liquid phase.............................................................13
1

1.9.11 Residence time of heavy liquid phase............................................................13

1.9.12 Height of light liquid based on hold up..........................................................14
1.9.13 Surge height........................................................................................... 14
1.9.14 Vessel Height......................................................................................... 14
1.10 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS.............................................19
1.10.1 Design Pressure...................................................................................... 19
1.10.2 Design Temperature................................................................................. 19
1.10.3 Minimum Vessel Thickness........................................................................20
1.10.4 Dead Weight of Vessel.............................................................................. 20
1.10.5 Weight of Empty Vessel............................................................................20
1.10.6 Wind Loading......................................................................................... 21
1.10.7 Analysis of Stress.................................................................................... 22
1.10.8 Dead-Weight Stress..................................................................................22
1.10.9 Total Longitudinal Stress...........................................................................23
1.10.10 Maximum Stress Intensity........................................................................23
1.10.11 Vessel Support....................................................................................... 23

TABLES

Table 1.1 Comparison of gravity separator types...5

Table 1.2 Relative Cost of metals (2006)..6
Table 1.3 Summary of chemical engineering calculations..7
Table 1.4 Properties of standard AISI 1065 Carbon Steel19
Table 1.5 Summary of mechanical engineering calculations...27

FIGURES
3

Figure 1.0 Three phase horizontal separator...3

Figure 1.1 Three phase vertical separator...4

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 DESIGN OF A LOW TEMPERATURE SEPARATOR

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The low temperature separator is designed to remove glycols from the Natural gas liquids at
a rate of 131496.0588 kg/h. The dew point of water is maintained to promote maximum
water recovery from the hydrocarbons gases in order to meet the specification for sales
gases.
1.2 INTRODUCTION
The processing of natural gas into pipeline-quality natural gas requires quite complex and
several processes. Natural gas that is not within certain specific gravities, pressures, Btu
content range, or water content levels will cause operational problems, pipeline
deterioration such as corrosion and fouling, or even pipeline rapture (Xiuli, 2009a). So it is
important to produce a gas stream that meets sales requirements and specifications
including heating value and recovery of maximum NGLs (Natural Gas Liquids). Low
temperature separation is probably the most efficient means for handling high pressure gas
and condensates. The process separates water and hydrocarbon liquids from the inlet
stream, recovers more liquids from the gas than can be recovered with normal temperature
separators (Ikoku, 1992). A technique such as vapor-liquid-liquid separation is thus
employed to separate natural gas, NGLs and water in order to meet the sales specifications.
This separation works on the principles of momentum, gravity settling and coalescing.
1.3 MAIN OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this work is to design a low temperature separator to separate
natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGLs), and triethylene glycol (TEG).
1

The design is also geared towards selecting the most economical

separator

configuration for the separation.

1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To consider the process control and instrumentation diagram of the equipment.

To calculate the following parameters that characterize the equipment;
Vertical terminal vapor velocity (UT)
Vapor volumetric flow rate (Qv)
Vessel internal diameter (DVD)
Settling volume of heavy liquid (water + glycol), UHL
Rising velocity of natural gas liquids (ULH)
Volumetric flow rates of liquids (QLL, QHL)
Settling time for water + glycol (tHL)
Settling time for natural gas liquids (tLH)
Residence time of each phase
Height of natural gas liquids above the outlet (HR)
Vessel height (HT)

1.5 RELEVANCE OF WORK

By efficiently removing water vapor and heavier hydrocarbons, a continuous stream of
clean, high-value gas will be produced.

1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW

A separator is a vessel used to separate a mixed-phase stream into gas and liquid phase that
are relatively free of each other known as heterogeneous mixtures. (Anonymous, 2011)
Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases, which have different compositions.
These mixtures have visible boundaries of separation between the varying constituents
which can be seen by the naked eye and contain substances that do not react chemically.
The components of these mixtures can be separated by employing one or more appropriate

techniques. The separation can be done physically by exploiting the differences in density
between the phases. (Viska, 2011a). Two or three phase separations are used industrially.
Three phase separation is commonly applied when there are water, liquid hydrocarbon and
hydrocarbon gases in the process stream. These units can be vertical, horizontal or
spherical.
Vertical vessels are mainly used applied when there is a large amount of vapor to be
separated from a small amount of the light and heavy fluid. Horizontal vessels are most
efficient where large volumes of total fluid and large amounts of dissolved gas are present
with the liquid. (Viska, 2011b).

Figure 1.0 Three phase horizontal separator

Figure 1.1 Three phase vertical separator

The three phase separation vessel commonly contains four major sections as listed below:

The primary separation section used to separate the main portion of free liquid in

the inlet stream.

The secondary or gravity settling designed to utilize the force of gravity to enhance

the separation of entrained droplets.

The coalescing section utilizes a coalescer or mist extractor.
The sump or liquid collection section acts as the receiver for all liquid removed
from the gas in the primary, secondary and coalescing section. (Viska, 2011c).

Table 1.1 Comparison of gravity separator types

Parameter
Merits

Vertical
1. Easiest
clean

to

Horizontal
Spherical
1. Much gas-oil ratio can
1. Very
be handled
4

inexpensive

2. Saves space
3. Provides better
surge control
4. Liquid
level
control is not
critical
5. Lesser
tendency

2. Cheaper than vertical

separator
3. Easier and cheaper to

2. Good
low

for
or

intermediate
ship and assemble
4. Less
piping

is

required
5. Reduces foaming
6. Several
separators
for

gas-oil ratio
3. Very
compact and
easy to ship

may be stacked to
reevaporation
reduce space

and install
4. Better clean

of liquid into
out
Demerits

gas.
1. Diameter
larger

is

1. Takes space
2. Liquid level control is

than

liquid
very critical
3. Surge space is limited
4. Much harder to clean

horizontal
separator
2. More
expensive
fabricate
3. Difficult

1. Very limited

settling
2. Liquid level
control

is

to

very critical
3. Surge space

to

is limited

ship
Source: Viska, 2011
1.7 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION
From table 1.1 above, a vertical three phase separator will be used for this project. The
Joule-Thompson valve effluent enters the vertical separator at approximately the midpoint
of the vessel. Separation of the gas from the liquid commences at this point. The input
stream hits an inlet diverter which changes the momentum of the phases and hence causes
separation. The gas travels upwards through the vessel, dropping out the larger diameter
liquid particles in its journey towards the top of the vessel. Most separators are designed on
5

a basis of a ten micron diameter particle being excluded from the gas at exit point of the
separator. All liquid droplets which are larger than ten microns will be either dropped out in
the main body of the separator or will impinge upon the mist extractor and be removed at
that point. The liquid and water are also removed by gravity in the settling section.
(Sarkodie, 2013)
1.8 MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
Materials for the construction of vessels include stainless steel, low alloy steel; carbon
steel. (Perry and Green, 1997) Factors to consider in selecting the appropriate material are
the cost, corrosion resistance and tensile strength.
Table 1.2 Relative Cost of metals (2006)

Source: Towler and Sinnott, 2008

From table 1.1, the material appropriate for this design is Carbon steel. It is chosen because;

It is less expensive and easily acquired.

The material can be easily maintained or replaced.
The material has a high corrosion resistivity.

1.9 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

SEPARATOR OPERATING CONDITIONS
Inlet Pressure = 5201.325 kPa

Inlet Temperature = -28.89C = 244.26K

INLET STREAM TO SEPARATOR
Stream

Mass flow , lb/h

, lb/ft3

Hydrocarbon gas

Wv = 186221.5646

v = 2.8381

Hydrocarbon liquid

WLL= 103548.7257

L = 27.6776

Water + TEG

WHL = 125.9087279

H = 61.3661

1.9.1 Vertical terminal vapor velocity (UT):

UT =

L v
v

(Xiuli, 2009b)

Where,
L=density of liquid

v =density of gas

K is the terminal velocity constant = 0.430 0.023 ln(p)

K = 0.430 0.023ln(754.388)
K = 0.2776 ft/s

UT =

27.682.8381
2.8381

0.2776

(Xiuli, 2009)

UT = 0.821 ft/s
UT = 0.250 m/s
1.9.2 Vapor velocity (UV)
UV = 0.75 UT

(Xiuli, 2009c)

UV = 0.75 (0.821)
UV = 0.616 ft/s
UV = 0.188 m/s
1.9.3 Vapor volumetric flow rate (QV)
WV
QV = 3600 v

(Xiuli, 2009d)

Where, Wv = Flowrate of vapor

186221.5646
QV = 3600 2.8381

QV = 18.226 ft3/s
QV = 0.516 m3/s
1.9.3 The vessel internal diameter (DVD)

DVD =

4 Qv
U v

(Xiuli, 2009e)

Where, Qv = the gas volumetric flowrate

8

DVD =

4 18.226
0.616

DVD =6.14 ft
DVD = 1.871 m
DVD = 6.14 12 = 73.68 in.
For mist extractor support ring, 6in. is added to the vessel diameter (Xiuli, 2009)
D, diameter = 6 + DVD (round to next 6 in)
D = 7.0 ft
D = 2.134 m
1.9.4 Light and heavy liquid volumetric flow rates, QLL and QHL
QLL =

W
60 L

(Xiuli, 2009f)

Where, WLL = Flowrate of light liquid (NGLs)

QLl =

103548.7257
60 27.68

QLl = 62.349 ft3/min

QLl = 1.766 m3/min
W HL
QHl = 60 H

(Xiuli, 2009g)

Where, WHL = Flowrate of heavy liquid (TEG)

125.9087
QHl = 60 61.3661

QHl = 0.0342 ft3/min

QHl = 0.00097 m3/min

1.9.5 Settling velocity of heavy liquid

U HL=

Where,

U HL=

k s (H L )
L

(Xiuli, 2009h)

L =viscosity of havy liquid

0.163(61.366127.68)
1.120

U HL=4.903./min

1.9.6 Rising velocity of light liquid

U =

k s ( H L )
L

U =

0.163(61.366127.68)
1.210

(Xiuli, 2009i)

U =4.538./min

10

1.9.7 Settling time for heavy liquid

t HL =

12 H L
U Hl

(Xiuli, 2009j)

Where, HL = height from liquid interface to light liquid nozzle = 1 ft

t HL =

12 1
5.99

t HL =2 min

1.9.8 Settling time for heavy liquid

t HL =

12 H H
U HL

(Xiuli, 2009k)

Where, HH = holdup height = 1 ft

t HL =

12 1
4.903

t HL =2.447 min

1.9.9 Baffle plate area

(L V) = 27.68 2.8381
= 24.84 lb/ft3
HR + HL = 12 in. + 12 in.
= 24 in.
From graph, G = 8400 gph/ft2

(Xiuli, 2009l)
11

A D=

7.48 gal
ft 3

() 601hrmin )(

Q +Q Hl
G

(Xiuli, 2009m)

Where, AD = downcomer area

7.48 gal
A D=
ft 3

)(

60 min
1hr

)(

62.349 ft + 0.0342 ft
8400

AD = 3.333 ft2
Assuming WD = 4 in., (Wayne and William, 1994a)
Where, WD = downcomer cord width
WD/D = 4/84

y=

a+ cx+ e x 2+ g x 3 +i x 4
2
3
4
1.0+bx +d x + f x +h x

(Wayne and William, 1994b)

Where,
x = WD/D
y = AD/A
Where, A is the area of the separator
a = 4.755930103
b = 3.924091
c = 0.174875
d = 6.358805
12

e = 5.668973
f = 4.018448
g = 4.916411
h = 1.801705
i = 0.145348
By Substitution,
y = 0.0136
AD/A = 0.0136

A=

D2
4

A=

72
4

A = 38.485 ft2
AD = 0.523 ft2
Comparing the two AD, the greater will be chosen.
Thus AD = 3.333 ft2
AL = A-AD

(Wayne and William, 1994c)

where, AL is the settling area for the liquid

AL = 38.485 - 3.333
13

AL = 35.152 ft2
1.9.10 Residence time of light liquid phase
r ,=
t

r ,=

HL AL
Q

(Wayne and William, 1994d)

1 35.152
62.349
t

r ,=0.564 min
t

1.9.11 Residence time of heavy liquid phase

t r , Hl=

HH AH
QHl

t r , Hl =

1 38.485
0.0342

t r , Hl=

(Wayne and William, 1994e)

1125.3 min

1.9.12 Height of light liquid based on hold up

HR=

Q t H
AL

(Wayne and William, 1994f)

Where tH = hold up time = 2 min

HR=

62.349 2
35.152

14

HR = 3.55 ft 4.0 ft
1.9.13 Surge height
H s=

t s (Q +Q Hl )
A

H s=

1 ( 62.349+ 0.0342)
38.485

(Wayne and William, 1994g)

Hs = 1.62 ft
1.9.14 Vessel Height
HT = HH + HL + HR + HA + HBN + HD (Xiuli, 2009n)
HA = 0.5 ft (minimum)
HD = 0.5D
HD = 0.5 7
HD = 3.5 ft
HBN = 0.5dN + Hs + 0.5

dN

4 Qm 0.5

60 m

o .5

Where,
Qm = volumetric flow rate of inlet mixture

15

Qm = Q V +

(Q Hl+ Q )
60

Qm = 18.226+

(Xiuli, 2009o)

(62.349+0.0342)
60

Qm = 19.266 ft3/s

dN =

4 19.266
3.023 0.5
60

0.5

dN = 0.843 ft
HBN = 0.5 0.843+1.62+0.5
HBN = 2.54 ft 3 ft
1.5 ft is added to the height for mist extractor
HT = 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 3.5 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 1.5
HT = 14.5 ft
HT/D = 14.5/7 = 1.9
This is within the range of 1.5 6.0
Volume of separator = A x HT
= 4.42 x 3.575
= 15.8015 m3
Table 1.3 Summary of chemical engineering calculations
16

Parameter
Feed into separator, kg/h
Volumetric flow rate of feed, m3/s
Vertical terminal vapor velocity, m/s
Vapor volumetric flow rate, m3/s
Separator diameter, m
Settling velocity of heavy liquid, m/s
Rising velocity of natural gas liquids, m/s
Settling time for heavy liquid, min
Settling time for light liquid, min
Area of separator, m2
Separator height, m
Separator volume, m3

Value
131496.0533
364.035046
0.250
0.516
2.134
0.002
0.002
2 .000
2.450
3.575
4.420
15.8015

PAR
T
1

DESCRIPTION

PNEUMATIC VALVE

LEVEL CONTROLLER

LEVEL TRANSMITTER

PNEUMATIC SIGNAL

PRESSURE
TRANSMITTER
PRESSURE
CONTROLLER
RELIEF VALVE

7
8

17

SHUTOFF VALVE

Figure 1.3 process control and instrumentation diagram for a three phase
vertical separator

PID DESCRIPTION
In order for a separator to function, it requires a steady, maintained level of pressure in
order to push the fluids out of the separator into a tank. When the pressure is too high,
gases would be entrained in the NGLs and thus affecting the purity of the NGLs. If the
pressure is too low, the NGLs get pulled out into the natural gas which is not desirable.
Controls 1,2,3,4 and 5 helps to regulate the flow.
The pressure relief (8) decreases the pressure of the system by venting when there is
pressure buildup within the vessel.
Valve 1 is a gate valve that is used for fully open or fully close operations. It is manually
operated for emergency shutdown.
Valve 2 is a diaphragm valve which is used for throttling flow.
Valve 8 is a pressure relief valve used to vent gas out of the column so as to reduce the
pressure of the system.

18

1.10 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

AISI 1065 Carbon Steel (High Carbon Steel) is used for the construction of the vessel. This
material was chosen because of its good mechanical properties and relatively low cost.
Table 1.4 Properties of standard AISI 1065 Carbon Steel
Property
Density
Poisson's ratio
Elastic (Bulk) modulus
Shear modulus
Tensile (Ultimate) strength
Yield strength
Elongation
Reduction of area

Unit
kg/ m

Value
7850

027 - 0.30
140
80
635
490
10
45

GPa
GPa
MPa
MPa
%
%
19

Hardness
Allowable tensile stress
Thermal conductivity

Brinell
MPa
W/mk

187
88.94
49.8

1.10.1 Design Pressure

Design pressure (Pi) is taken as 110% of operating pressure:

Pi =

110
100 5201.325 kPa = 5721.4575 kPa

1.10.2 Design Temperature

Highest Operating temperature = 244.16 K = -20.002 oF
Thus, the design temperature is -20.002 F = 244.16 K

1.10.3 Minimum Vessel Thickness

Pi D i
,
2f i - Pi
e=

(Sinnott, 2005b)

Where,
Di is the internal diameter = 2.134 m = 2134 mm
e is the minimum thickness required
f is the design stress of carbon steel at 244.16 K = 155 N/mm2 (Sinnott, 2005c)
Pi is the internal design pressure of the shell = 5721.4575 kPa = 5.201 kN/mm2

20

 5.201 2134
(2 155) 5.721
e=

36.48 mm

Allowing a corrosion allowance of 2 mm (Sinnott, 2005d), the minimum thickness

required to withstand internal pressure is 38.48 mm.
1.10.4 Dead Weight of Vessel
The major sources of dead weight for the unit are;

The weight of the empty vessel (Wv)

The weight of the material (Wm)

1.10.5 Weight of Empty Vessel

C v m g D m H v 0.8D m t
Wv

(Sinnott, 2005e)

Where,
CV = factor to account for the weight of nozzles, man ways, internal supports etc, which
can be taken as 1.08 for vessels with few fittings.
Hv = height of the cylindrical section, 4.417 m
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s2
t = wall thickness of vessel = 38.48 mm = 0.03848 m
m = density of vessel material (carbon steel) = 7850 kg/m3

Dm = width of vessel = 2.134 + 2(0.03848) m = 2.211 m

21

Wv = 1.08 7850 9.81 2.211 [4.417 + (0.8 2.211)] 0.03848 = 165123.161 N

Thus, dead weight of vessel = 165123.161 N
1.10.6 Wind Loading
Bending stresses result from the bending moments to which the vessel is subjected.
Bending moments will be caused by the wind loads on tall self-supported vessels, dead
weight and wind loads on piping and equipment which is attached to the vessel,
but offset from the vessel centre line (Sinnott, 2005f).

Dynamic wind pressure (

Pw

) is 1280 N/m2 (Sinnott, 2005g).

W (loading per unit length)=Pw Deff =1280 ( 2.211 )=1439.667 N /m

Bending moment at bottom tangent line, Mx = (1439.667/2) x 4.4172 = 14043.874 Nm

1.10.7 Analysis of Stress

[Link] Longitudinal Stress
Longitudinal stress due to pressure is given by

Pi d i
4t

(Sinnott, 2005h)

Hence,

5.201 x 2134
72.244 N/mm 2
4 x 38.48

22

[Link] Circumferential Stress

Circumferential stress due to pressure is given by
Pi d i
2t
h 2 72.244
h 2 i

144.487
N/mm2

1.10.8 Dead-Weight Stress

Dead-weight stress of the vessel is given as

WT
D i t t

(Sinnott, 2005i)
Where WT is the total weight which is supported by the vessel wall

165123.161
0.629 N / mm 2
2134 38.48 38.48

1.10.9 Total Longitudinal Stress

Total axial or longitudinal stress ( z )

c ( compressive )= l + w =72.244+ 0.629=72.873 N /mm

1.10.10 Maximum Stress Intensity

s ( tensile ) = h z=144.48772.873

71.614 N /mm2
23

(Sinnott, 2005j)

The maximum allowable stress for the material of construction is 155 N/mm 2. Since this
stress is higher than the maximum stress intensity at any point in the material, the design is
not prone to failure under stress.
1.10.11 Vessel Support
The support system designed for a separator and all tall vessels depends on the size, shape,
and weight of the vessel; the design temperature and pressure; the vessel location and
arrangement; and the internal and external fittings and attachments.
A skirt support is used for vertical columns. Its thickness is designed to withstand the deadweight loads and bending moments imposed on it by the separator. (Sinnott, 2005k)
[Link] Skirt Support Thickness
Data
Specified skirt angle = 90 C (straight cylinder skirt)

Maximum allowable stress,

( max )

and Youngs modulus, (E) at ambient conditions are

135 N/mm2 and 200000 N/mm2 respectively.

The maximum dead-weight load on the skirt will occur when the vessel is full of water,
Approximate Maximum Dead-Weight = (Di2 x Hv x (/4) x w x g)
w = density of water
g = acceleration due to gravity
Approximate Maximum Dead-Weight = 2.2112 x 4.417 x (/4) x 1000 x 9.81
= 168399.6 N
24

Dead-weight of vessel = 165123.161+ 168399.6 N

= 333522.761 N
Wind loading = 1439.667 N /m
Bending moment at base of skirt = 14043.874 Nm
Assuming a skirt thickness of 20 mm

bs=

4 Ms
( D s +t s ) t s

ws =

W
( D s +t s ) t s

Where,
bs = bending stress in the skirt

Ms = maximum bending stress at the base of skirt

W = total weight of vessel
Ds = inside diameter of the skirt
ts = skirt thichness
Resultant stresses in skirt are;
s ( tensile ) = bs ws

s ( compressive )= bs + ws

25

4 14043.874 1 03
bs=
( 2134+20 ) 2134 20

= 4.15 N/mm2

ws (test )=

168399.6 1 0
( 2134 +20 ) 20

ws (test )=

=1.244 N/mm2

165123.161 103
( 2134+20 ) 20

= 1.22 N/mm2

^
Maximum s (compressive)= 4.15 + 1.244 = 5.394 N/mm2

^
Maximum s ( tensile ) =4.151.22=2.93 N/mm2

Criteria for design

The skirt thickness should be such that under the worst combination of wind and deadweight loading the following design criteria are not exceeded:
s (tensile) < fsJsins (Sinnott, 2005l)

s ( compressive ) <0.125 E

ts
sin s ( Sinnott , 2005 m)
Ds

( )

Where,
fs = maximum allowable design stress for the skirt material, normally taken at ambient
temperature, 20 0C
J = weld joint factor, if applicable = 0.85
s = base angle of a conical skirt, normally 800 to 900
26

E is the Youngs modulus of steel = 210 kN/mm2 at ambient temperature.

Testing for maximum tensile strength
fsJsins; 2.93 < 0.85 135 sin(90) = 114.75
2.93 < 114.75
Testing for maximum compressive strength

0.629<0.125 210000

20
( 2134
) sin ( 90) =246.

02

5.394 < 246.02

Since both criteria are satisfied, a thickness of 40 mm can be used for the skirt.

27

Parameter
Material

Value
Standard AISI 1065 Carbon

Design pressure, kPa

Design temperature, K
Vessel thickness, mm
Longitudinal stress, N/mm2
Circumferential stress, N/mm2
Dead weight stress, N/mm2
Dead weight, N
Total longitudinal stresses,

Steel
5721.46
244.16
38.48
72.244
144.49
0.629 N/mm2
333522.761
72.873

N/mm2
Skirt support thickness, mm
20
Wind Loading, N/m
1439.667
Maximum stress intensity, 71.614
N/mm2

28

Table

1.5

Summary of
mechanical
engineering
calculations

REFERENCES

Anonymous, (2010) Gas Plant Separator Design, p:4

Ikoku, U.C. (1992) Natural Gas Production Engineering, Krieger Publishing

company, Florida, p:127

Monnery, W. D. and Svrcek, W. Y. (1994a) Chemical Engineering Progress:

University of Calgary, Canada. , p: 29

Monnery, W. D. and Svrcek, W. Y. (1994b) Chemical Engineering Progress:

University of Calgary, Canada. , p: 33

Monnery, W. D. and Svrcek, W. Y. (1994c) Chemical Engineering Progress:

University of Calgary, Canada. , p: 32

Monnery, W. D. and Svrcek, W. Y. (1994d) Chemical Engineering Progress:

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