Industrial
Hydraulics
Electric Drives
and Controls
Linear Motion and
Assembly Technologies
Pneumatics
Service
Automation
Drive and Control
Systems for
Forestry Machines
From the Gear Pump to Electronic Harvester Management
Mobile
Hydraulics
System Expertise
Unique Variety for Tailor-Made Systems
When it comes to drive and control systems for forestry machines, Rexroth offers the customers a unique variety of components
and systems for tailor-made solutions. Cut-To-Length method or Full-Tree-Harvesting Rexroth has the perfect system for
your machines particular requirements. With our extensive product range, we are in a position to cover the entire spectrum.
At our Forestry Machine Application Centre, specialists from the various product areas work together closely to offer you
comprehensive assistance, from selecting the ideal components to planning entire systems.
Components for Drive and Control Systems
We Provide:
Hydrostatic drives with hydraulic or electronic control
Working hydraulics with
open centre or load sensing
control
Hydraulic steering and
braking systems
Mobile electronics for optimum drive management
Gearboxes for travel and
swing drives.
Pilot Control Devices
Steering
Brake
Gear Pump
Gears
Look no Further
At Rexroth you can find the
complete range of drive and
control systems for forestry
machines no need to look
elsewhere. For the Mobile
Hydraulics sector of Rexroth
with its product divisions
Axial Piston Units, External
Gear Units, Radial Piston
Motors, Mobile Controls,
Gear Technology, Mobile
Electronics and Mobile Service is able to equip each
system in its entirety.
Axial Piston Pump
Compact Hydraulics
Drive Pump
Control Valve LUDV
Drive Motor
Control Valve LS
Electronic Control
Radial Piston Motor
Fan Drives
Contents
Cut-to-Length Systems
Full-Tree-Harvesting Systems
Harvesting Heads
Transport Systems
Components
Future Prospects
Prerequisite for Optimum Operation
Our high-performance drive and control systems are vital
components of these machines, and therefore a basic prerequisite for optimum forestry-machine operation. These systems
excel, in particular, in their reliability, economy and userfriendliness. Besides hydraulic systems, electronic control
systems are increasingly being employed for drives. With
working hydraulics as for drives, economy, performance and
user-friendliness are in the foreground. In addition to the
classical open centre control, load sensing systems are becoming ever more popular.
Close to YouWorldwide
The Rexroth sales network extends throughout 80 countries.
Further we can boast production plants, sales centres, distributors and service centres on a global scale.
In this way, qualified partners are at your side practically the
world over when it comes to drive and control systems.
Application Centre: System Advice, Project Planning and
Optimization
Rexroths Application Centres have the task of analysing
present-day and future customer requirements in the field of
drive and control technology and working on appropriate
solutions from individual components to the entire system.
The future belongs to vehicles and machines that are more
productive, more rapidly available and lower in price. This
gives rise to the need, among other things, for drive systems
which have been optimised for each specific application.
At our Forestry Machine Application Centre, we offer the
necessary expertise for each application, plus state-of-the-art
simulation programs and powerful test systems. In close
co-operation with our customers and partners, ready-tooperate systems with perfectly matched components are
developed with the minimum of interfaces. In addition, our
Application Centres exploit the synergy factor of the divisions
of Rexroth, each oriented towards a different type of technology.
Cut-to-Length Systems
Systems for Cut-to-Length Machines
CTL-machines are forestry machines that employ the Scandinavian Cut-To-Length method. According to the CTL principle
the trees are cut and felled, delimbed and cut to certain lengths already in the forest. These machines are mostly so-called
harvesters with wheel drives that are purpose-built for this process, but also feller bunchers are used. They are track-mounted,
similar to excavators. The logs are carried with so-called forwarders to the roadside. The long-range transport from the
roadside to the factory is done with trucks.
Hydraulics plays a significant role in all phases
of the forest harvesting process. It would be
impossible to design a state-of-the-art machine
and at the same time meet the requirements
of the users with other technologies available.
The proven technology by Rexroth offers efficient
and reliable components for any system solution
in forestry technology.
Hydrostatic Drive
Harvesters and forwarders are nearly always
equipped with closed-loop-controlled drive hydraulics. This ensures excellent driving comfort
in the forest and very good controllability both
in uphill and downhill driving. Today, both, the
pump and the motor are usually controlled
electrohydraulic pump proportionally by means of
an electronic control device. The software used
in the micro-controller automates drive characteristics with power limitation. This prevents the
diesel engine from stalling in the case of overload situations.
Closed Loop Hydrostatic Drive and Load-Sensed Working
Hydraulics of a Forwarder
Hydrostatic Travel Drive and Load-Sensing Working Hydraulics
of a Harvester
Load-Sensing Working Hydraulics
Today, load-sensing systems are nothing unusual.
Pumps of series A10VO and A11V(L)O are widely
implemented in these machines.
A good machine is characterised by precise crane
functions. The spools in Rexroth valves are
optimised to offer the operator excellent response
characteristics and repeatable controllability
under any operating conditions.
The Rexroth M4 load-sensing control block
integrates all the advantages of advanced valve
technology in a compact form:
High flow rates
High maximum pressure
Integrated LS pressure relief valves and
secondary valves
Wide spectrum of different spool variants
Compatibility with PWM control
Integral electronics
Full-Tree Harvesting Systems
Complete Hydraulics for Full-Tree Harvesting
Full-tree harvesting (FTH) is primarily a North American tree-harvesting principle whereby the tree is handled throughout
the harvesting process in its full-length form. The steps within the process include felling, transporting (within the forest),
processing and loading. There are several variations of this process, and consequently several types of machines, depending
on terrain conditions and/or tree size. The most common machines are wheeled or track-driven feller bunchers with a
special disc saw felling head. Other machines include skidders, delimbers and log loaders.
Feller Bunchers
The feller buncher is used to cut (fell) and then
bunch or pile the trees on the ground. Since these
machines operate far away from roads on severe
terrain, great emphasis is put on the capability
of covering long distances and all-terrain mobility. The origins of the feller buncher come from
the excavator. However, the hydraulic system,
the machine structure, the tractive effort and
boom attachment are all significantly different.
A feller buncher may be required to perform as
many as seven movements simultaneously with
each movement being equally as important as
the other. Due to the severe terrain conditions in
which this machine must operate, as well as
heavier loads it must lift, the machines structure
is significantly stronger then an excavator. The
steep slopes in forests require the machines
tractive effort-to-weight ratio to be one to one
or greater. Finally, a high-speed disc saw felling
head mounted on the boom is the most contrasting difference between a feller buncher and an
excavator. The travel drive is achieved in most
cases by a track drive, but machines with wheel
drive are also used.
Hydrostatic Travel Drive and Load-Sensing Working Hydraulics
of a Wheeled Feller Buncher
Hydrostatic Travel Drive and Working Hydraulics of a
Track Feller Buncher
Hydraulic Systems and Components for
Full-Tree Harvesting Machines
Also full-tree harvesters employ the complete
spectrum of drive and control systems from
Rexroth. The control concepts range from
simple power regulations to completely microprocessor-controlled systems. Due to the
increased reliability and driver comfort, this
technology is gaining in importance.
Rexroth Product Range for Full-Tree Harvesters
A11VO pumps with power control, load-sensing
and cross-sensing controls are ideal for feller
bunchers and log loaders. For the disc saw felling
head on feller bunchers, an A10VO or A11VO
is the pump of choice, The track drive is powered
by a gear box GFT with integrated A6VE motor.
Whereas with skidders an A4VG-pump or A6VMmotors with GFT-gearboxes is the ideal solution.
The LUDV concept is already accepted in the
FTH machines, primarily in feller bunchers.
The reasons for this are the possibility of performing several functions simultaneously, also
in the case of undersaturation, and the simple
installation. M4 load-sensing control valves are
used for controlling auxiliary functions and
cylinder functions in the disc saw felling head.
Harvesting Heads
The Right Head for Each Application
Rexroth offers systems for all types of Harvesting Heads. Engineers attach great importance to high productivity, ease
of operation and efficiency. The systems are optimised for the individual application and tailored to the requirements of
the operator. Customised solutions by Rexroth.
Hydrostatic Load-Sensing Control of a Harvesting Head
Harvester Heads
The head plays a key role in processing the tree.
Different types and levels of technology are
combined to make a head as effective and reliable as possible. A high feeding force and a high
feeding speed must be designed into a construction as possible. There is a clear trend in the
market to make this possible by raising the
pressure level.
Load-Sensing Control Block
With maximum pressures of 350/420 bar the
M4 load-sensing control block provides a reliable
basis for high-pressure solutions. In conjunction
with MCR radial piston motors, which are suitable for pressure stages up to 420 bar, it is possible to offer a package solution even for the largest
harvester head on the market. The M4 controls
all the functions of a harvester head. The central
inlet element allows the distribution of large
flows to up to ten valve functions.
Feller Buncher Heads
The head with sawing blade is the most important element of a feller buncher. The head is the
part which cuts the tree and holds or bunches
cut trees before they are laid down on the ground.
The cutting is done using a flywheel or inertial
type disc with saw teeth arranged on the perimeter of the disc. The disc is driven by a hydraulic motor while the grab arms are controlled
via cylinders.
Harvesting Head at Work
10
Transport Systems
Transport Solutions
Transporting is handled by means of machines that are fitted with Rexroth technology in order to remove felled trees from
the forest, loading or transporting them. The most common machines used for this purpose are so-called skidders.
Serviceability and perfect reliability, even under extreme conditions, are indispensable for harvesting, when transporting
the timber and finally for handling in the storage area or in the sawmill.
Working Hydraulics of a Forestry Loading Crane
Skidders
To remove a felled tree from the forest, a machine
called a skidder is used. By the nature of the
name, the machine literally skids trees through
the forest and then out to a processing site.
Although a simple process, the demands put on
this machine are unparalleled in the mobile
field. Typically these machines are 4 wheel driven,
with some designs going to six and eight wheels
(bogey systems) and until recently they were
almost exclusively mechanically powered using
power shift gearboxes and drive axles. The trend
over the last couple of years, however, has been
to move towards hydrostatic transmissions with
more and more manufacturers exploring this
avenue.
11
Hydrostatic Travel Drive and Working Hydraulics of a Skidder
Log Loaders
The last step in the full-tree harvesting process
is to load the fully processed tree or log onto a
hauling truck. A log loader accomplishes this
function. Much like the feller buncher, a log
loaders origins come from the excavator. Many
of the differences between a feller buncher and an
excavator also apply to a log loader. However,
the difference is that a log loader has a hydraulically powered grapple mounted on the end of
the stick. In addition, depending on customer
requirements, sometimes the operator cab is
elevated in order to provide better visibility.
Log Truck Cranes
As an alternative to log loaders, log truck cranes
are used for loading the logs. These cranes
directly mounted onto the trucks lift the logs
onto the platform of the vehicle. The most
essential points here are good manoeuvrability
and high load-carrying capacity of the crane.
Rexroth systems are ideal for handling logs fast
and efficiently. SX control blocks of LUDV
technology allow the performance of several
working movements simultaneously and independently of one another.
12
Components
Overview of Components
Axial piston units, external gear units, radial piston motors, mobile controls, gearboxes and electronics for mobile applications.
Rexroth offers the complete product spectrum from a single source.
Axial Piston Pump A4VG
for closed circuits
Nominal pressure 400 bar
Maximum pressure 450 bar
Variable Displacement Pump KVA
for open circuits
Nominal pressure 300 bar
Maximum pressure 350 bar
Catalogue page RE 92 003
Catalogue page RE 92 250
Axial Piston Pump A10VO
for open circuits
Nominal pressure 250 bar
Maximum pressure 315 bar
External Gear Pump/Motor
Constant displacement pumps in
standard and silence versions
Nominal pressure 250 bar
Operating pressure 280 bar
Catalogue page RE 92 703
Catalogue 1 987 760 100
Catalogue 1 987 760 101
Axial Piston Pump A11VO
for open circuits
Nominal pressure 350 bar
Maximum pressure 400 bar
Radial Piston Motor MCR
for open and closed circuits
Nominal pressure up to 420 bar
Catalogue page RE 15 205
Catalogue page RE 92 500
Axial Piston Motor A6VM
for open and closed circuits
Nominal pressure up to 400 bar
Maximum pressure up to 450 bar
Drive GFT
with axial piston actuating
motor A6VE
Output torque from 7 330 kNm
Catalogue page RE 91 604
Catalogue page RE 77 110
Fixed Displacement Motor A2FM
for open and closed circuits
Nominal pressure up to 400 bar
Maximum pressure up to 450 bar
Swing Drive Gear GFB
with axial piston motor A2FE/M
with axial piston motor A10FD
Catalogue page RE 91 001
Catalogue page RE 77 201
Catalogue page RE 77 204
13
LS Control Block M4-12
hydraulically or
electrohydraulically operated
Nominal flow 100 l/min
Operating pressure up to 420 bar
Hydrostatic Steering Unit
LAGC/LAGU/LAGZ
Catalogue page RE 11 867,
RE 14 365, RE 11 868
Catalogue page RE 64 278
LS Control Block M4-15
hydraulically or
electrohydraulically operated
Nominal flow 150 l/min
Operating pressure up to 420 bar
Power Brake LT13/LT17
Dual circuit system
Catalogue page RE 66 200
Catalogue page RE 66 222
Catalogue page RE 64 282
LUDV Control Block M7-22
hydraulically or
electrohydraulically operated
Nominal flow 350 l/min
Operating pressure up to 420 bar
Pilot Control Device 2TH6R
foot operated
2 control ports
Control pressure 50 bar
Catalogue page RE 64 551
Catalogue page RE 64 295
LUDV Control Block SX14
mechanically, hydraulically or
electrohydraulically operated
Nominal flow 120 l/min
Operating pressure up to 300 bar
Pilot Control Device 4TH6
hand operated
4 control ports
Control pressure 35 bar
Catalogue page RE 64 555
Catalogue page RE 64 125
Thermal Relief Valve MHDBDT
Catalogue page RE 64 309
Control Unit RC
control of hydrostatic drives and
working-hydraulic functions
Catalogue page RE 95 051
14
Future Prospects
Prospects for Forestry Technology
Systems used in the forestry sector are constantly being developed further. Rexroth attaches greatest importance to the
possibility of handling higher pressures and speeds. In parallel, development engineers at Rexroth are working on the
reduction of weight and size of components. There is also a clear trend towards bus systems. The objective is the development of forestry machines that are more efficient, ecological and user-friendly. This challenge requires a close co-operation
between suppliers such as Rexroth and manufacturers: A precondition for success in the future.
Main Focus and Development Trends
Environmental Protection
The preservation of the environment is a key topic in the forestry
sector. The use of bio-degradable hydraulic fluids is a demand.
Power consumption also plays an increasingly important role.
Load-sensing or electronic control systems are very helpful
here. The reduction of the stand-by pressure, shorter response
times of the controllers and power pre-selection circuits based
on control devices are of major importance. The acquisition
of data on the complete machine allows the observation of
the machines productivity and simple troubleshooting.
15
The extension by additional
technical features can only
be achieved with the increased
use of mobile electronics!
The Development of CAN-Bus Systems Reduces the Wiring Effort and
the Probability of Errors.
Electrohydraulic Pilot Control
Today, forestry machines would hardly be conceivable without
electrohydraulic pilot control. Due to the multitude of functions that must be controlled and the stringent requirements
with regard to comfort and power of forestry machines, the
set standards are high. Electrohydraulic systems offer the
following advantages: Reduced space requirement, reduced
generation of heat and noise and very good adjustability to
the operating requirements. With the help of joysticks in
conjunction with analogue or digital amplifiers modules that
feature versatile programmability control curves can be generated in valves that are tailored to operators and applications.
Bosch Rexroth AG
Mobile Hydraulics
Glockeraustrae 4
89275 Elchingen, Germany
Tel. +49 (0) 73 08-82 0
Fax +49 (0) 73 08-72 74
[Link]@[Link]
[Link]
Printed in Germany
RE 98 057/08.02
