Applica&on

and development of
ClO2 Genera&ng Materails

Time
1982

State

Approved Bureau

Usage Range

WHO Approved
Drinking
ater Disinfec&on
Different
States
ofWLegal
Provisions on Chlorine Dioxide

1985

U.S.A

FDA

Food Processing Equipment Steriliza&on

1985

EU

European Commission

1987

Germany

1987

UK

Ministry of Health

Drinking water disinfec&on, hospital, livestock aquaculture, environment and public

areas disinfec&on and steriliza&on

1987

U.S.A

EPA

Food processing plants, breweries, restaurants, environmental disinfec&on;

Hospitals, labs and non-empty rigid surface equipment steriliza&on and removal
mildew

1989

U.S.A

EPA

Storage water disinfec&on; livestock, disinfec&on and deodorizing

1988

Japan

Ministry of Food Health

1987

Australia

Ministry of Health

No. 926 food Addi&ves, food Bleacher

1987

China

Ministry of Health

Food industry, medical, pharmaceu&cal, livestock husbandry, aquaculture,

environment and public areas disinfec&on and steriliza&on

1996

China

Ministry of Health

Food addi&ves, fruits and vegetables Preserva&on

2002

U.S.A

FDA

2005

China

Ministry of Health

Drinking water disinfec&on, food industry, medical, livestock husbandry, aquaculture,

environment and public areas disinfec&on and steriliza&on
Drinking Water Disinfec&on

Drinking water disinfec&on

Food processing equipment, pipe, cra[s and arts equipment, especially in milk
processing plant
Drinking Water Disinfec&on

References
EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: Disinfectants and Disinfection
Byproducts; Final Rule. 1998

US EPA Chapt 4 Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual. 1999

WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Fourth Ed., 2011
American Biological Safety Association (ABSA) Chlorine Dioxide Gas Decontamination
of Large Animal Hosppital Intensive and Neonatal Care Units. 2006

The Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) Chlorine Dioxide
Water Treatment, for hot and cold water services. 1997

Chlorine Chemical Council Comparing Clorine Disinfection Methods, Douglas Smorol

Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology Measurement of Chlorine Dioxide Penetration in
Dairy Process Pipe Biofilms During Disinfection. 2005

Jornal Diary Scientific Corrosivity of Chlorine Dioxide Used as Sanitizer in

Ultrafiltration Systems. 1991

etc
.

FDA REGULATION

Chlorine Dioxide is a DIRECT food

additive permitted for human
consumption

Max 3ppm residual chlorine dioxide as

an antimicrobial agent in water used
in poultry processing and to wash
fruits and vegetables

SPECTRUM OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE

Bakteri:
Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Campylobacter jejuni,
Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium parvum, Enterobacter cloacae,
Enterobacter hafnia, Eschericia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Flavobacterium sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum,
Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
Mycobacterium bovis (TB), Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Pseudomonas
aeroginosa, Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteridis, Salmonella typhi,
Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhosa, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, vancomycinresistance Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), dll.

Virus:
Adenovirus, Bluetongue virus, Canine Parvovirus, Coxsackievirus, Corona virus, Encephalomyocarditis
(EMS), Echovirus, Feline calicivirus, Feline parvovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Herpes virus I, Herpes virus II,
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Influenza-A virus, Iridovirus, Mouse virus, Mouse hepatitis
virus, Minute virus of Mice (MVM), Mouse encephalomyelitis virus, Mouse polio virus (MEV), Newcastle
disease virus, Norovirus, Parainfluenza, Pertiviries - Togaviridae, Poliovirus-1, Rotavirus, Rhinovirus type
37, Vaccinia virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus, dll.

Fungus:
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fusarium sp., Mucor sp.,
Scopulariosis sp., Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Sachromyces cerevisiae, dll.

Safety of ECOSYS ClO2

Tidak menghasilkan THMs, HAAs dan senyawa
lain yang bersifat sebagai senyawa carcinogenic atau
estrogenic."
Tidak merusak dan korosif terhadap barang,
filters, peralatan, pompa, pipa air"
Tidak menghasilkan residu"

Definisi dari ClO2 Generating Material

Solid

ClO2 Generating Material "

Tablet/Powder CLO2 bila dimasukan kedalam air, maka tablet akan

larut dan akan menghasilkan larutan Chlorine Dioksida. Atau bila
tablet/powder mengabsorsi air di udara, maka gas Chlorine Diokside
akan keluar ke udara. "
Liquid ClO2 Generating Material

Chlorine dioxide dalam bentuk larutan, adalah gas ClO2 yang diikat
oleh senyawa kimia yang stabil."

A Good ClO2 Product Must be:"

1High quantity of ClO2 Generating
"Test Mthod: DPD Method
2High purity of ClO2 produced!"
"No or little Cl2, chlorite salt and chlorate salt
"produced"
"Test Mthod: Five-Step Iodometry or Ion
chromatography
3Long shielf Life!"
"Test Method: Accelerated Stability Test
4Generated solution clear and no sediment!"
Test Method: Eye
5Using simply"
"

ClO2 Tablet from Ecosys

Tablet Features"
High ClO2-Generating : 10%
High purity : 95%"
Dissolve quickly : 5 min"
Using simplely : Add to water directly without limit of"
water quantity"
Low heavy metals : Pb10.0 mg/kgAs0.25 mg/kg"
can be used for drinking water"
High stability : Accelerated Stability Test: 54 14 days"

Effect on killing pathogenic microbes in water"

On bacteria
1.0 ppm of ClO2 can kill Staphyloccocus aureus (100%)
Bacillaceae(99.999%), E.coli (99.9999%) in the water

On virus
Lab test show: 1.0 ppm of ClO2 can 100% kill Herpesviruses including
Marek's disease virus, Laryngotracheitis virus, Pseudorabies virus
Bovine mastitis virus and adenovirus including body hepatitis and Egg
drop syndrome, and influenza virus (I, II, III) for 30 min

On algae"
" 1.0 ppm of ClO2 can kill algaes in ponds

Sebagai Desinfektan
Chlorine Diokside ada dalam air sebagai ClO2 yang dapat
masuk/menyerap melalui membran sel bakteri dan
menghancurkan sel-sel bakteri (Junli et. Al, 1977b).

Pada virus akan masuk/menyerap ke mantel protein kapsid

virus dan bereaksi dengan RNA virus. Akibatnya, kemampuan

genetik dari virus rusak (Junli et. Al, 1977a).

Dibandingkan dengan Chlorine, Chlorine Diokside dapat lebih

efektif sebagai desinfektan karena fakta bahwa Chlorine
dalam air sebagai HOCl atau OCl- sama dengan dinding sel
bakteri adalah bermuatan negatif, sehingga akan saling
menolak, yang menyebabkan kurangnya penetrasi dan
penyerapan disinfektan ke dalam membran.

Mechanisme:

Protens

ClO2

Membran

Chlorine dioxide acts by rst destroying the cell membrane, then the nucleus of the
bacteria. Because the organism is totally destroyed no resistant strains can develop which
enables chlorine dioxide to be used on a con=nuous basis without the need for alterna=ng
biocides.

tidak ada yang resisten

O2 ClO2

MALARIA
RED

OX

MALARIA

O2 CO2
AFINITAS

KILLING

ClO2

"

Environment Disinfection"

Kill rate to E.coli in air%

Contact time (min)
Concentration
(ppm)

Sample method

20
50

Sedimentation

12

20

43.5%

65.07%

69.69%

90.792%

67.35%

92.03%

99.53%

100.00%

Disinfection methodSpray"

Kill rate to Staphyloccocus aureus in air %

Contact time (min)
Concentration
(ppm)

Sample method

20ppm

12

20

38.65%

64.73%

85.46%

97.72%

52.30%

94.57%

99.58%

100.00%

Sedimentation

50ppm

Disinfection methodSpray

Result of microbe test in water with no treatment

Sample site

Total plate count of

bacteria (Cfu/ml)

Total E.coli (MPN/

100ml)

Thermotoletant
E.coli (MPN/100ml)

Water source

10

Near water source

2000

Middle water source

2400

Far water source

3000

Result of microbe test in water with 1 ppm of ClO2 treatment

produced by ECOSYS Tab :
Sample site

Total plate count of

bacteria (Cfu/ml)

Total E.coli (MPN/100ml)

Thermotoletant E.coli
(MPN/100ml)

Water source

Near water source

Middle water source

Far water source

Clean Environmental Technologies

Biolms A Problem.

Leads to Biofouling and Biocorrosion.

A harbour for dangerous Micro-organisms.
Dicult to remove.
Biolm forma=on on Heat-Exchange surfaces, causes insula=on eect and
Loss in Eciency of Boilers, Cooling Towers, Chillers, Air-Condi=oners and
Ven=la=ng Systems.

Tendency to develop in Dead Legs of Pipework and in Low-Flow areas

around bends in pipework.

Every grain of sand in a lter system will contain biolm A huge surface
area for poten=al contamina=on of the water supply.

Bad Odor

Water pipe with 20 ppm of ClO2 treatment

produced by ECOSYS Tab for 1 hour

Clean Environmental Technologies

Regular Chlorina=on Chlorine Dioxide

Clean Environmental Technologies

Biolm


.

The Real Danger

The bacterial communi&es

formed by buildup of
bacteria and thriving in the
system with the aid of the
Polysaccharide substance

Clean Environmental Technologies

Biolms Provide A Safe Refuge
for all types of infec:ons In
Pipework, where
pathogens, can grow and
feed on nutrients in the
system
Chlorine cannot penetrate the
biolm, leaving the bacteria
Intact under the biolm free to
Mul:ply

Clean Environmental Technologies

Only Chlorine Dioxide disinfection

can remove the biofilm by
penetrating it and oxidizing it.
Chlorine Dioxide uses the power of
the 2 Oxygen molecules to
completely destroy the cell
membrane and nucleus.
The oxidising process is so strong,
that resistance cannot build up.

Result of water treatment by ClO2 (1 ppm)

No.

Item

Standard

Before treat

After treat

chroma

15

20

turbidity

6.5

0.29

PH

6.5-8.5

6.96

6.79

Fe

mg/L

0.3

0.45

0.05

Mn

mg/L

0.1

0.15

0.07

As

mg/L

0.01

0.001

0.001

Cd

mg/L

0.005

0.0002

0.0002

Cr

mg/L

0.05

0.001

0.001

Pb

mg/L

0.01

0.0002

0.0002

10

Hg

mg/L

0.001

0.0001

0.0001

mg/L

0.076

0.0025

0.0027

Total metal

Unit

Usos
0,5-1%
ClO2
(aq)

70% ClO30% Cl- &

ClO2
ClO3-

Eect of NH3 Gas to Animals

NH3 Gas (ppm)
10ppm
20ppm
50ppm

Symptom

No
Result in Respiratory Tract Infection and other disease
Decline animal production capabilityexposed long time
to lead Respiratory Tract Infection and Pneumonia

>80ppm

Result in Sneezeing, Salivation, Anorexia, also

convulsions

NH3 Gas in animal house treat by ECOSYS ClO2

THE CLO2 COMPARES WITH OTHER DISINFECTANT

Characters

ClO2

Chlor-
hexidine

Chlorine /
Hypochlorite

Phenol

Aldehyde

NaOH

Alcohol

Resistance to
Organic

Good

Ordinary

Poor

General

Good

Good

General

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Ac=vity
increased

Result is
best in
26-60oC

No

No

Ac=vity in Hard-
water
Aect High
Temperature

Result is
best in
26-60oC

No

Ac=vity
decreased
below 43oC

pH Range

No eect

Alkaline

Acidic

Acidic

No eect

Alkaline

No eect

Anion Soap
Compa=bility

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Ac=vity of
Residue

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Toxicity or
Discomfort

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Damage to
Surface

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Kill the Bacteria

Most

Part

Most

Most

Yes

Most

Most

Kill the Spores

Kill the Viruses

Yes
Yes

Part
No

Part
Part

No
Part

Yes
Yes

Yes
Yes .

No
Part

COMPARISON WITH OTHER BIOCIDAL AGENT

OXIDIZING VALUES - CORROSIVE

CORROSIVITY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE

CORROSIVITY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE

From: British Stainless Stell Association

ADVANTAGES THAT CHLORINE DIOXIDE TREATMENTS

HAVE OVER CHLORINE BASED SYSTEMS
CHLORINE

CHLORINE DIOXIDE

Does not remove biofilm

Will remove biofilm and thus clean tanks and pipes

Produces unwanted by-products including carcinogent

Does not form chlorinated by-products

Is corrosive and unpleasant to handle

Is much less corrosive than chlorine. Does not hydrolyse

to form an acid

Already Banned in certain parts of Europe and the USA

Is pH dependent and very ineffective above pH 7
Is ineffective against complex organisms (e.g: Cysts &
Protozoa)

Is rapidly replacing chlorine in many of these areas

Is not pH dependent (<pH 11)
A very broad spectrum kill

Limited oxidative effect against various chemical

contaminants. Forms chlorinated phenols

Destroys phenols (without forming chlorinated phenols)

specific destruction of Hydrogen Sulphides. Destruction
of a wide range of chemical contaminants

Neutralisation required before dumping to the foul drain

Because no unwanted by-products are formed, and will

have a lower residual after use, no neutralization
normally required

Can not be used at temperatures above 40oC due to the

release of chlorine gas

Effective at higher temperatures-does not disassociate as

rapidly as chlorine

Increased disinfection time and more service work

required to combat high bug counts

Cost savings in labour and use efficiency outweighs the

additional chemical costs

PETUNJUK PEMAKAIAN
ECOSYS Tablet - 1 gr
KEPERLUAN PEMAKAIAN
( ppm )

1 TAB/WATER (Liter)

METODE

Lingkungan ( 20-27 ppm )

5,0 3,7

Semprotkan atau cuci

(150-200ml/m2 atau 30-40ml/m3)

Peralatan dan Perkakas

( 20-27 ppm )

5,0 3,7

Rendam atau cuci

Kandang Hewan
( 20-27 ppm )

5,0 3,7

Semprot/spray
(150-200ml/m2 atau 30-40ml/m3)

Pipa Air50-80 ppm

2,0 1,25

Rendam selama 0.5 -1 jam, kemudian bilas dengan

air

Pengobatan Ulkus/Ulcer pada Kaki

dan Mulut ( 50-100 ppm )

2,0 1,0

Rendam atau Lap/seka

Pengobatan Penyakit Mikosis

pada Hewan ( 50-100 ppm )

2,0 1,0

Lap/seka

Air Minum ( 0.2-0.8 ppm )

500 125

Tambahkan kedalam air

10.000 - 2.000

Masukkan se=ap 10 hari

300

Sebelum diberikan kepada hewan agar larutan

dimasukan kedalam pakan, untuk hewan yang sakit
agar ditambahkan dosisnya sesuai keperluan.
Benamkan Ikan selama 5-10min

Air Kolam Ikan dan Pencegahan

Penyakit0.01-0.05 ppm
Ditambahkan dalam produk pakan
ikan dan hewan ( 0,3 ppm )
Ikan ( 0,3 ppm ),
Penyimpanan Es ( 0,15 ppm )

300 untuk Ikan,

600 untuk Es