INTRODUCTION TO WEB
PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS WEB?
HTML is the foundation of web system this is the
abriviation of hyper text markup language .
Web is an information system that based on hyper text
and work with client /server [Link] links can
show it
FTP
Telnet
Hyper
Text
gopher
HTTP
TEXT
movie
sound
graphic
WHAT IS HYPER TEXT?
Consider you are reading a book ,you see a
linear text but whenever cant understand
meaning of a word you should refrence to
another book and find the word and again
come back to your book now imagin that
there is some simple link that direct you
immediately to the meaning of this word so
that everything was quick and easy.
By web we can publish and get
[Link] information can
Execute by [Link] that the web doesnt
work like a TV because it can intract with
users.
INTERNET
It is a set of nets that link together .this link
based on some protocol that named
TCP/IP,also it works based on client/server
system.
Internet Protocol, a set of rules for sending data
across a network
TCP/IP PROCESS
[Link] Control Protocol (TCP) Breaks data into
datagrams
[Link] travel the internet according to IP
[Link] reassemble datagrams
Data to be sent on internet
TCP breaks data to datagrams
TCP
Datagrams travel the internet possibly over different
routes
TCP reassembles datagrams
TCP
NAMING COMPUTERS
We give one numerical address to each computer in the
network and it will be the name of computer .
We will connect every IP with name that consist of two
pieces like and it also can determine the categories such
following
[Link] -------------business
.edu-------------education
.gov-------------government
.mil-------------military
.net------------company that provide a net
.org-----------non profit
BROWSER
As we spoke web works base on client/server modeling .in
this model client sends a request for the server and the
server after getting this request do some operations and
send the results for the client .this
server
informatio
n
client
request
client program in the web are known as browser such as
internet explorer ,Mozilla firefox ,opera ,chrome.
Browsers are multiprotocol,it means that the can
connect to different server protocols .some
important protocols that browser can connect to
servers are:
HTTP:to transfer hypertext
FTP:to transfer file
Telnet:remote access to a system
As you know in the top of browser there is a place for
entering the URL .after writing address browser will
search this address and if there is any address will show
the page.
HTML
The perevious version of web was gopher .it displayed
information by ascci code so there was no list , table
,picture..like some newspaper
HTML has two effective points
1. We can use this language on every system
2. It has understandable code and instruction because
it has standard character and commands.
Actually for writing a HTML document we need just a
text editor such as notepad .then you should open it
with a browser.
HTML CAPABILITIES
THE MOST IMPORTANT CAPABILITY OF html is crating
standard paragraphs and Titles with different sizes but
HTML advanced capability are making forms .you can
receive the answer explanation or admiration of your
clients that see your pages by filling forms.
It is started from HTML 2.0 and made a revolution in the
pages.
These forms let the users to enter their information
,search in the database or give their idea to the web
designers .after filling these forms the user just need to
push submit button to send it.
Forms also can have checkbox , radio buttons and push
buttons.
Another capability of HTML is multimedia .you can add
sound and video and pictures to your web pages.
Dynamic text also is the last capability of HTML.
Controlling size of alphabet in Html 3.2 was first time that
users could control the size of alphabets.
HELPER APPLICATIONS
In every browser there is some facilities that we can
download files but if it is changed and need some
program to invert for example if compacted files browser
cant open it so ask another program such winzip.
PLUG INS PROGRAMS
A plug ins program is a file that when will be added to
plug-ins directories then browser will be more powerfull.
for example adding
Quicktime to a browser make a browser to show such a
files without helping other programs.
CGI(COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE)
Without CGI programs ,browser just take a request about
showing pages and do it but with CGI processing forms
and operation on databases will happen.
When a user fill a form and submit it a CGI program
receive this information and do some operation then send
answer to the users
Or maybe CGI search in a database and send the result to
the client.
Another CGI operation is making animation.
GRAPHIC PICTURE IN WEB
There are two picture format which using for web pages
gif and Jpeg
if you have another type of graphic files you should
change them to these format.
If we use gif files:
it can save maximum 256 color
There is transparency that possible to write under
color
Possibility to make animation
They are interlaced it means that browser after
taking part of picture can show in temporary that
user can see it and after taking rest of picture it will
show the exact image.
If we use Jpeg files:
It will save milions of color,we can compact these kind of
files but maybe will lost som [Link] format is a
standard for saving photos.
To make a file with image we use
<IMG SRC=[Link]>
HOW TO MAKE A PAGE IN HTML
There is a standard structure for html documents that
have some rules:
There should be <html> for first and </html> for the
end.
Every html have head and body which in head will be
some information about document type , title ,and how it
make that browser doesnt show this part also it will be
good place for java script .this part will start by <head>
and ended by </head>.the most important thing will be
title that will be shown on the top of browser .for shown
title should use <title> and end it by </title>.
For example:
<html>
<head>
<title>
This is my web page.
</title>
</head>
.
..
</html>
Body will start with <body> and finished with </body>
Make a file in notepad its name will be [Link] and
its location will be c:\util
[Link]:
<html>
If you want to register <A HREF =HTTP
://[Link]>
Microsoft site </A>it was a good experience
</html>
Then run from your browser.
Now change the file and write down:
<html>
If you want to register <A HREF =
c:\util\[Link]>
myhome</A>it was a good experience
</html>
And make a file in notepad its name will be [Link]
in the same directory and write down in it:
<html>
This is my second file
</html>
