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Part 1
For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits
each gap.
A HAPPY CHILDHOOD
Personally I always had a good relationship with my parents and loved them both, although in
different ways. Both were very (1)_____ with us children and we were never smacked, no (2)_____
how naughty we were. But that was because we knew how far we could (3)_____ them and a look
was enough to quieten us down. We would have done anything for them and are fortunate to be
able to (4)_____ on our childhood and (5)_____ how happy and safe we were, never (6)_____ of
good food, fun and the feeling of belonging.
1.
a. right
b. fair
c. justified
d. equitable

2.
a. wonder
b. matter
c. way
d. bother

3.
a. force

b. exert
c. push
d. move

4.
a. look down
b. look up
c. look behind
d. look back

5.
a. appreciate
b. esteem
c. believe
d. regard

6.
a. without
b. short
c. lacked
d. deficient

LOOK THE OTHER WAY

When we walk clown a crowded street, we (7)_____ to look straight ahead and avoid making
(8)_____ contact with other people. We are very insular and adjust our reactions according to the
situation. Everyone looks at the floor buttons in a lift, rather than look around and maybe (9)_____
somebody's eye. Crowded buses and trains make us (10)_____ in the same way. We (11)_____ our
faces in a newspaper or magazine - anything but make contact. Perhaps if we were to (12)_____ a
bit, we might find other people are actually friendly.

7.
a. bound
b. tend
c. incline
d. dispose

8.
a. face
b. head
c. eye
d. torso

9.
a. get
b. catch
c. grab
d. find

10.
a. react
b. answer
c. reciprocate
d. return

11.
a. cover

b. disguise
c. bury
d. nestle

12.
a. let out
b. loosen up
c. give over
d. settle down

YOU'RE IN THE ARMY NOW

I had to (13)_____ when I was eighteen, even though I'm a woman. They (14)_____ no concessions
to the fact that we were female - we had to do exactly the same training as the men - the defence
of our country is more important than a broken finger nail or our femininity. Whilst I agree that we
need a large army and that we could all be (15)_____ upon to defend our beleaguered country, I
don't agree with conscription for either men or women. It interrupts your career plans and places
a (16)_____ financial burden on your family for two years. We had to carry our rifles at all times,
even off (17)_____, so it added a whole new (18)_____ when someone asked you to dance in a
disco - you didn't dare say no!
13.
a. sign in
b. write up
c. join up
d. take part

14.
a. did
b. gave
c. made

d. fixed

15.
a. called
b. asked
c. requested
d. required

16.
a. terrible
b. disgusting
c. abominable
d. nasty

17.
a. command
b. hours
c. shift
d. duty

18.
a. dimension
b. area
c. breadth
d. scope

You are going to read an extract from a story. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs the one which best fits each gap. There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.
She was a voluptuous woman and Wilson was unable to concentrate on their conversation.
Victoria was asking him if he'd found out anything further about the emerald rings she and her
sister had mysteriously received. The rings were identical and the emeralds superb specimens.
19.

a. Elizabeth,unfortunately,hadgonedowna other oad-drink,drugsandmanyunsuitablemen.She adbe natoalmes foraoundfouryears.Herhusband,Nigel,hadstraighten dheroutandWilsonponder dthefact hathe'dnev rse nacouplestil so bviouslyinlove, venafter hirte nyearsofmariage.
Wilson explained to her that he'd discovered exactly where they came from in South America - he
even knew where they'd been mined - but he was no further forward in discovering who could
possibly have owned them and why they'd been sent to Victoria and Elizabeth.
20.

He half listened to her speculations, noting every detail about her. The suit was no doubt a little
designer number - he could hardly imagine she'd run it up at home on an old Singer - and Victoria
could certainly afford wardrobes full of designer clothes. Her hair was jet black, shiny, well cut
and those green, cat-like eyes, with long black lashes, were stunning. The only incongruous thing
about her perfect, heart-shaped face were the freckles. They didn't seem right on a woman with
her colouring and as she never wore make-up, or tried to hide them, he assumed she just ignored
them.
21.

Wilson had known the two sisters since they were babies, when he'd been their father's solicitor.
The girls had shown no indication of any intellectual or artistic talents but their father had
encouraged them in everything they did and believed that both girls were unique. They were only
separated when Victoria started school and Elizabeth joined her a year later.
22.

They both shared what Wilson considered an eerie self-possession, an aloofness and a tranquil
serenity he envied. Both had gone through the normal teenage trials - for two years Victoria had
been undeniably fat although it hadn't seemed to bother her one iota as she'd just continued
steadily eating. Neither of them seemed to have any problems until they reached twenty-one.
23.

Probably not. She certainly never seemed to lack for company, which wasn't surprising as she
had an extraordinary personality, a hectic life running five art galleries and was constantly jetting
round the world.
24.

Elizabeth, even though she was nearly forty, was a world-renowned rock star and Nigel and the
baby travelled everywhere with her. Constantly in the news, she had become something of the
press and TV's darling. For many years there hadn't been a whiff of scandal around her, and any
coverage she received, dealt purely with her professional success or her happy home life.
25.

Wilson wondered what it would be like to be twenty years younger, a million pounds richer and to
be the sort of individual Victoria would be attracted to. If only...
You are going to read the introduction to a book on the development of humankind. Choose the
answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY
The first humans were creatures of the African savannah. The shape of their teeth and the length
of their digestive tract show that they had adapted to eat a mixed diet with a high proportion of
seeds and berries. Some meat might also have been in their diet, growing in importance as better
tools and larger body size made them more capable hunters Thus it was the hunters and
gatherers who first colonised the earth. The agricultural way of life with which we are familiar
today emerged only after the retreat of the last ice sheets around 10,000 BC. Hence we have been
farmers for less than 10,000 years but hunters and gatherers for at least 2.5 million years, since
the development of the first stone tools.
Until the widespread use of metals in relatively recent times, people relied on artefacts of stone,
bone and wood for many of their daily tasks. Stone was particularly useful, and since it survives

so well it dominates our picture of early human tool-use. Finds of early wooden tools are rare and
bone tools seem to be a relatively recent innovation, beginning only within the last 100,000 years.
The use of tools is a characteristic which distinguishes humans from other primates. Though
chimpanzees have been known to split stones and use the sharp edges so formed to break open
nuts, there is no chimpanzee tradition of stone tool-making such as we find among our earliest
stone-using ancestors. Hence, the beginnings of human tool-making around 2.5 million years ago
marks a significant watershed in human development. Stone tools can be used to dig up, cut or
pulverise plant foods; to cut reeds or strip bark for matting or baskets; and to shape wood, bone
and other raw materials into useful artefacts. The dependence on stone implements provided this
phase of human cultural development with the name 'Palaeolithic' or 'Old Stone Age'.
Millions of stone tools have survived from the Old Stone Age and attest to the skills of the stoneworkers or 'knappers' who often had to work with intractable materials such as quartz, quartzite or
lava cobbles. But whether they were using these materials or more suitable rocks such as flint or
obsidian which fracture with much greater regularity, the basic technique of the earliest toolmakers remained the same: having selected a suitable nodule of stone, the knapper chipped away
at it with another stone, carefully removing flakes to create a sharp cutting edge. This was a
process which required forethought and planning, and it is from scant evidence such as this that
we must reconstruct the intellectual and manual abilities of our earliest ancestors. By 1.5 million
years ago, early chopping tools had given way to a more developed form known as the hand-axe.
This became the standard tool of Europe and Africa for over a million years, falling into disuse
only 100,000 years ago.
The enormous time-spans involved make it difficult to conceptualise the stages of development in
human technology. We do not understand why the hand-axe remained the dominant tool-type for
so long, though we do know that it could be used for a number of tasks, including cutting up meat
and plant fibres. Its flexibility may also have been the key to its success. Aesthetics may also have
played a role, since some of the later hand-axes are beautifully fashioned objects, flaked to a
symmetrical shape.
Between 100,000 and 10,000 BC, fully modern humans colonised every continent except
Antarctica. Their success derived from their capacity to adapt the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to
different environments. In some areas the adaptation was so successful that the lifestyle changed
little over many millennia. The success of the hunter-gatherers depended on intelligence and
manual dexterity, as well as the ability to co-operate with, and rely upon, one another. By the time
the last Ice Age came to an end, modern man was one of the world's most widespread and
successful species.
26. What was the staple of early man's diet?
a. seeds and fruit
b. mixed berries and meat
c. mixed seeds and meat
d. fruit and wild animals

27. What is true about farming?

a. It has been the way of life since the Ice Age ended.
b. It was the way the first colonisers of earth nourished themselves.
c. It happened before the development of stone tools.
d. It is a way of life we have always been familiar with.

28. The main reason why tool-making from stone is an important turning point in the course of human
development is because it enabled man to
a. dig plants up.
b. split nuts open.
c. make other useful implements from other materials.
d. make floor coverings and baskets.

29. The writer mentions the abilities of the 'knappers' because

a. they worked with materials that were hard to manage.
b. they were among the first people to use stone.
c. they were restricted to certain types of stone.
d. they showed creative talent.

30. What characterised the tool-making process?

a. The stone-workers chose which tools to make.
b. The knapper had to be an intellectual.
c. Everything had to be considered and worked out in advance.
d. There is not enough evidence to tell us.

31. Why might the use of the hand-axe have become so widespread?
a. The tool was wonderful to look at.
b. It made it easier to chop meat.

c. It required little intelligence to use it well.

d. It was adaptable.

32. What contributed to man's dominance of the world?

a. His lifestyle remained stable over many years.
b. He was skilled with his hands and worked well in a social unit.
c. He settled in one place.
d. He had sufficient food supplies.

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each
space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example: 0. WITH
REVOLUTION
In 1776, the British government was faced (0)_____ a major revolution in its American colonies.
King Louis XVI of France, recognising (33)_____ as an opportunity to regain some of the ground
(34)_____ in the Seven Years' War, (35)_____ France in the conflict. In military terms, the
intervention was successful; in financial terms it was a disaster. The French government, always
(36)_____ financial straits, was now unable to function. The shortfall could (37)_____ longer be
met by the time-honoured device of increasing taxes on (38)_____ poor, but those able to pay
(39)_____ only be taxed with their (40)_____ consent. Members of the aristocracy recognised an
opportunity (41)_____ winning concession from the monarchy in (42)_____ for money and they
insisted that Louis should recall the French parliament, the Estates General, (43)_____ had not
met for 150 years.
Since the time of the Frondes, French kings had been acutely aware (44)_____ the dangers of
uprisings (45)_____ the poor, who remained unrepresented in the National Assembly. There was
unrest in (46)_____ parts of the countryside, where chateaux were attacked and hated rent books
burned. The most immediate danger came (47)_____ the poor of Paris, and indeed on 14th July
the mob stormed the Bastille, and the revolution began.
33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. There is
an example at the beginning (0).
Example: 0. EXCEPTION
A SMALL NATION
If size were the only measure of a nation's importance, the Vatican serves as an (0 EXCEPT)_____
to the rule, as it is by far the world's smallest (48 DEPEND)_____ sovereign entity. What other
nation is as small as New York's Central Park? What other nation can be crossed at a (49
LEISURE)_____ pace in well under an hour?
For centuries, the Vatican was the (50 CHALLENGE)_____ centre of the Western world. Its
symbolic (51 SIGNIFY)_____, both past and present, and its enduring international role, as both a
religious and a (52 DIPLOMAT)_____ force, have put this tiny city-state on a par with nations many
millions of times larger. No matter how secular the world has become, divine authority still seems
to count and to make the Vatican much more than a geographical (53 ODD)_____. The Lateran
Treaty of 1929, concluded between Pope Pius the XI and Benito Mussolini, established the present
(54 TERRITORY)_____ limits of the Vatican. The city is bounded by medieval walls on all sides,
except on the corner, where the opening of St. Peter's Piazza marks the border with Rome and the
rest of Italy. Aside from an (55 IMPRESS)_____ array of palaces and office buildings, there is also
a prison, a supermarket, and the printing press, which churns out the (56 DAY)_____ newspaper.
Like other states, the Vatican protects its citizens - though there are just over 400 of them. To hold
a Vatican passport is to belong to one of the world's most (57 EXCLUDE)_____ clubs.
48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an
example (0).
Example:
For that job you need to be able to _____ a lot of information in your head.
They were careful to _____ as many features of the house as possible.
That soil is very thin and doesn't _____ enough moisture.
Answer: 0. RETAIN
58. My shoes are a bit _____.
We drove round a _____ bend in the road and almost crashed into another car.
He is always very _____ with his money.

59. Suddenly, they saw a _____ of lightning and then the storm began.
Nancy's hair had a _____ of grey in it.
He'd be a wonderful husband if it weren't for his jealous _____.

60. Her house was very close to the local rubbish _____.
Let me give you a _____: you need to get some legal advice.
She left a _____ on the table for the waiter.

61. He _____ to look out of the window.

Her face _____ a pale green colour when she saw the blood on the road.
Mark _____ his ankle when he stumbled over the toy.

62. He _____ on you for support.

She _____ Angela as one of her closest friends.
It's a person's character that _____ not their appearance.

63. You look _____; are you going somewhere nice?

If you're _____, you'll make sure you're there early.
She gave her younger brother a _____ rap on the knuckles when he tried to lick the bowl.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words,
including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
0. As soon as I boarded the ship, it sailed. SCARCELY
I had _____________________ it sailed.
Answer: scarcely boarded the ship when
64. There was a fight at the concert last night. BROKE
A _____________________ the concert last night.

65. As far as I know, there is nothing wrong with him. BEST

To _____________________, there is nothing wrong with him.

66. I'm sure Malcolm's sense of humour will make them all laugh. BOUND
Malcolm's sense of humour _____________________ make them all laugh.

67. I'd never been to America before. VISITING

I _____________________ the first time.

68. If you clean that wooden floor with water, you'll damage the wood. ELSE
Don't clean that wooden floor with water _____________________ the wood.

69. You should have considered what married life would be like before you accepted. TWICE
You should have _____________________ what married life would be like before you accepted.

70. I can't remember seeing this book before. RECOLLECTION

I _____________________ this book before.

71. Considering your past experience, we've decided to offer you the job. LIGHT
In _____________________, we've decided to offer you the job.

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