Chapter 1 Case Studies

FAQ: - What range of ports can be used for SQL Server?

Default port no for SQL Server for default instance is
For database engine we can use

1433

1436 to 1954

Dynamic Port Assigned by windows

Static Port Manually we have to assign

FAQ: - How to change server collation settings?

We can change server level collation settings by running set as follows.

In the above example I am changing collation settings of Test instance to

Arabic_CI_AI
Once the above command is completed by taking 2 to 3 minutes we can verify by
taking server properties as follows.

FAQ: - How to change edition of SQL Server?

We can change edition like from standard to enterprise edition etc by SQL Server installation
center as follows.

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FAQ: - What is un-attended Installation?

Continue installation until we reach "Ready to Install" step. Notice this page is showing
configuration file path as follows.

Go to configuration file path and copy it into required folder or network shared folder
where you want to install SQL Server.
Cancel the setup in order to work with unattended installation.
Edit configuration file as follows.
o QUIET = "True"
o Set SQLSYSADMINACCOUNTS="BUILTIN\Administrators"
o IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS="True"
o Remove ADDCURRENTUSERASSQLADMIN parameter.
o Remove UIMODE
o Remove INSTALLSHAREDDIR, INSTALLSHAREDWOWDIR,
INSTANCEDIR
o Change InstanceID and InstanceName
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After creating the configuration file save it and run the following command from
setup folder
"<path to SQL setup folder\>setup.exe" /ConfigurationFile="<path to config file>"

After the command execution is completed we can check in the configuration

manager as well as SQL Server Management Studio.

Installation Issues
Scenario1: WMI Error
Generally while installing SQL Server if there is problem with WMI service then SQL
Server installation fails.

Solution:
We can solve this issue using the following code. Copy the following code in notepad and
store as "wmiinstall.bat" or any name with .bat, then double click on the file, WMI service is
installed automatically. After running the bat file click on Re-run button in the same page.
Script is available at
http://www.optimizesql.blogspot.in/2013/06/scripts.html

Scenario2: Performance counter registry hive consistency error

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Problem with windows performance counter, setup process is trying to check the
performance counter registrys consistency, since the registry hive is corrupted it is unable to
continue installation process.

Solution
According to BOL, to rebuild all Performance counters including extensible and third-party
counters in Windows Server 2003, type the following commands at a command prompt. Press
ENTER after each command
.
cd\windows\system32
lodctr /R
Notes

/R is uppercase. You must have administrative rights on the computer to successfully

perform this command.

On a computer that is running a 32-bit edition of Windows XP, the Lodctr

/R:<filename> command is the standard method to restore performance counter
registry strings and information by using a file name.
Windows Server 2003 rebuilds all the counters because it reads all the .ini files in the
C:\Windows\inf\009 folder for the English operating system.

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After running the above command we can click on re-run button and now we can view that
there is no registry hive error. For more details you can visit at
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/300956

Scenario3: Your computer needs to be restarted

This situation can occur where other software or updates have been installed or uninstalled
and required the computer to be restarted by the install or uninstall actually completed
So, we get this error when we go to install a new instance of SQL 2008 on a dedicated
Windows Server 2008 Standard x64 box:

Rule Check Result

Rule Restart computer failed.
A computer restart is required. You must restart this computer before installing SQL Server.
But, we just restarted it because of that error?!?
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A quick search turned up the following:

Microsoft SQL Forums: Not able to install SqlServer 2008 says Restart computer failed
The Forum post suggests that we look at the following registry key:

Startrunregedit
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\C
ontrol\Session
Manager\PendingFileRenameOperations
Sure enough, when we look into the registry, we find the culprit:

We deleted

the content in that key since whatever the HP driver was trying to do
it was failing at it miserably.

Of course, we Exported the Session Manager key _before_ deleting the content!
When we click the Re-run button in the SQL Server 2008 Setup window now it is
passed

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Scenario:4 SQL Server Browser Service Group does not exists.

Solution
1. We need to create a group manually in the domain for SQL Browser

2. Create two windows groups as follows

SQLServer2008SQLBrowserUser${ServerName}
SQLServer2005SQLBrowserUser${ServerName}
3. Retry the installation

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Module2 Case Studies

FAQ: - What are the drive specifications for SQL Server suggested by Microsoft?
Drive Notations as Per Microsoft Standards
C Drive - All OS Files present.
D Drive - All the Database files (log & data files) present in D:\MSSQL\Data folder.
E Drive - All the Database Backup files (Full & Differential) present in E:\MSSQL\BAK
folder.
F Drive - All the Transaction Log Backup files present in F:\MSSQL\TRAN folder.
T Drive - All the data files of Tempdb database present in T:\MSSQL\DATA
S Drive SQL Server S:\SQLServer
H Drive - All the database files (only Data) present in H:\MSSQL\DATA. This drive is used
when server is in Cluster.
O Drive - All the Log files present in O:\MSSQL\DATA. This drive is used when server is in
Cluster.
FAQ: - Possible

issues while applying SP?

1. MSP and MSI Errors (Summary.txt)

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2. Invalid transaction log file path mentioned in server

properties?

3. Server in Script Upgrade Mode

Solution: Apply CU13 for SQL Server 2012 if we are applying

SP1
FAQ: - How

to rollback service pack?

From control panel

FAQ: - What

is trace flag. Give some examples?

Trace flag is a directive used to set specific server characteristics or

to switch off a particular behavior. We can customize database
engine behavior using trace flags.
We can control trace flags using the following DBCC commands.
DBCC TRACEON
DBCC TRACEOFF
DBCC TRACESTATUS
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Examples
3226
1204
1222
3605

Prevents backup success message logging into

error log
Writes deadlock information in text format in
errorlog
Writes deadlock information in xml format in
errorlog
Writes output into errorlog

SQL Server service is not started successfully. What

are the possible reasons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Duplicate port was assigned

Master database was corrupted.
Model was corrupted
Tempdb was not created successfully.
Memory issue.
While moving master or Tempdb or model database if it was
not done properly.
7. If current errorlog is damaged
8. Issue with service account (Logon Failure).
SQL Agent startup Failed.

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FAQ:- While connecting to the server, what are the possible errors, users
get?

Possible Errors
1. Error: 26
* SQL Browser not started
* Firewall on, but server or port is not added
* No connectivity between client and server
* Issue with SNAC
2. Error: 28
* Instance TCP/IP was disabled
3. Error: 40/10061
* Instance is not running
4. Error: 18456/18452
* Login failed. (invalid login or pwd)
5. Expired Timeout
* Network issue
* Server is busy
* In server max sessions are open
* No available session memory
6. Error: 18401
* After applying patch, restart the instance or windows.
7. Error: 64
* Not enough memory in buffer cache for new connections.
* Use DAC to troubleshoot this problem.

FAQ: - What

is AWE?

In 32 bit windows we have to enable AWE (Address Windowing Extensions)

to configure more than 2GB for SQL Server.

Startup Option
Default settings
/3GB
/3GB and /PAE
/PAE

Use if system RAM is...

<4GB
4GB
5-16GB
>16GB

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Scenario
I have 3 SQL Server instances running on box SERVER1. I have 64 GB of
RAM in SERVER1. I have set Max. Server Memory on each of the three instances
to 60 GB leaving 4 GB to operating systems. Is it a right configuration?
We can configure 20G for each instance
Scenario
I have SQL server 2008 R2 installed on machine. Machine has 8 GB of
RAM. SQL consumes around 7 GB of RAM causing other application on that
machine to run slow. What may be the possible reason?

Set max server memory to 6GB (Approx)

FAQ: - How can we check the no of sessions currently running in the
server?
* By default once the user connects to the server automatically one session is
created.
* By default SS supports 2 types of sessions
1. System defined (sa) spid<51
2. User defined >=51
* We can display sessions using

sp_who
sp_who2

select * from sys.dm_exec_sessions (DMV)

select * from sys.sysprocesses
Activity Monitor
Sp_who2 active (To check active sessions)
* To check recent/currently executing command in a session
dbcc inputbuffer(spid)
--DMF
Select * from sys.dm_exec_sql_text (sql_handle)
-- To find sql_handle of spid
Select * from sys.dm_exec_connections
* To stop session
kill <spid>
* To display login names and their sessions
select login_name, COUNT(*) as No_sessions from
sys.dm_exec_sessions
group by login_name
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Note: Normal user can view only their own sessions. But sysadmin and
ProcessAdmin
members can view all sessions.

SPIDs and their Status

Status

Description

Background
Sleeping

The SPID is running a background task, such as deadlock detection.

The SPID is not currently executing. This usually indicates that the SPID is
awaiting a command from the application.
The SPID is in the runnable queue of a scheduler and waiting to get
scheduler time.
The SPID is currently running on a scheduler.
The SPID is waiting for an event, such as a lock or a latch.
The SPID is in rollback of a transaction.

Runnable
Running
Suspended
Rollback

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Module-3 Working with Databases -- Scenarios

FAQ: - How to move master database?
* Connect to your instance
* Create one folder and grant read write permissions to service account
d:\master_files
* Find the current path
sp_helpdb master
* Stop SQL Server
* Move the files (master.mdf, mastlog.ldf) into new folders
* Go to SSCM --> R.C on respective instance SQL Server Service -->
properties --> Advanced --> Startup Parameters--> Change the path of
data and Log file
-dd:\master_files\master.mdf;-e....
-le:\master_files\mastlog.ldf
* Apply --> OK
* Start the service.
* Go to SSMS --> check the new path
sp_helpdb master

FAQ: - What are possible errors while moving master database?

* 3417 (OS Error 5)
* Permissions are not granted on target folders where we
have moved
master files.
* 17113
* If we have not mentioned correct path in startup
parameters
* 17058
* If we have not mentioned all the 3 startup parameters
-d
-e
-l
* Service cannot respond in timely fashion
* check parameters and try to stop some other instances and
start later.
Check all the three scenarios
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Note:
To check the errors
Start --> Run --> Eventvwr--> WindowsLogs
System
In the right side double click on error
or
Check ERRORLOG of respective instance.

FAQ: - How to move MSDB files?

1. Create folder d:\msdb_files
2. Check current path
sp_helpdb msdb
3. Alter the path
use master
go
ALTER database MSDB modify file
(name='msdbdata',
filename='d:\msdb_files\msdbdata.mdf')
ALTER database msdb modify file
(name='msdblog',
filename='d:\msdb_files\msdblog.ldf')
4. Stop server and move the files(msdbdata.mdf, msdlog.ldf)
d:\msdb_files
5. start the server
6. Check current path
sp_helpdb msdb

into

FAQ: - How to move Tempdb?

* Create folder
d:\tempdb_files
* Grant read write permissions on the folders to service account
* Change the file paths
use master
go
ALTER database tempdb modify file
(name='tempdev',
filename='d:\tempdb_files\tempdb.mdf')
ALTER database tempdb modify file
(name='templog',
filename='d:\tempdb_files\templog.ldf')
* Check now new path
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sp_helpdb tempdb
* Stop server after some times (when required)
* Start instance and check that files are created in new path

FAQ: - TempDB is growing fastly. How u know which

transaction is causing the problem?

1. Long running queries
2. Creation or rebuilding indexes
3. DBCC CHECKDB (To check consistancy of db)
4. SORT_IN_TEMPDB property
5. Isolation Levels which needs row versions.
Solutions
1. Add extra data file.
2. Check long running queries and stop some of them.
and submit the queries for optimization.
dbcc opentran(tempdb)
3. Find out the sessions taking more space and troubleshoot the
queries.
select * from [sys].[dm_db_session_space_usage]
4. Try to shrink log file if possible using WITH TRUNCATEONLY
option
use tempdb
dbcc shrinkfile(templog, 0)
5. Restart the server when possible.

FAQ: - My transaction log file is full. How to troubleshoot

the scenario.
Error No. 9002
Scenarios
If there are no scheduled log backups or log backups are not
working.
If there are active transactions in the log file
If there are long running queries
In database mirroring if mirror server fails
In replication if distributor fails
If there is no disk space to grow the Transaction Log file
If bulk data was imported without dividing into multiple batches or
transactions.
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Troubleshooting

Check why log file cannot be reused using the following query:

select name, log_reuse_wait_desc from sys.databases where

name='dbname'

Depending on the 2nd column value, we have to troubleshoot by using

the following solutions:
o Backing up the log (in case of the above scenario)
o Freeing disk space so that the log can automatically grow
o Moving the log file to a disk drive with sufficient space
o Increasing the size of a log file
o Adding a log file on a different disk
o Troubleshoot replication or mirroring issue

FAQ: If database goes into suspect mode. How to recover

it?
Scenario1: If the data file was damaged. (17204)
*
*
*
*

Take T.Log backup

Restore last Full backup
Restore T.Log backup
Database comes online

Scenario2 : If the T.Log file was damaged (17207)

Ex:
* Take any user defined db for example : MyDB
* Check the current location of files
sp_helpdb MyDB
* Stop server or take db offline
* Move the T.Log file into different folder
* Start server --> DB goes into suspect mode
select databasepropertyex('mydb','status')
Steps to Recover
--step1: Make the db into single user

Alter database mydb set

Single_User

--step2: Set the db into emergency mode

Alter database mydb set Emergency
--step3: Run checkdb with required repair level

DBCC CheckDB ('mydb',

REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS)

--step4: Set the db into multi user mode

Alter database mydb set Multi_User

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FAQ: - How to rebuild master database?

Case Study

Recently, one of my instances was corrupted and I was unable to restart

SQL Server. I did the following steps to get it back. First I checked the
SQL Server ERRORLOG. Please go through the following steps.
Step 1: Check the error log where it is showing master was corrupted.

system databases from command prompt. Go to the following

path and run setup as follows: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL
Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\SQLServer2008R2
Step 2: Rebuild

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the above command runs successfully, check in

the summary.txt file as follows and look at the Requested action.
Step 3: Once

Step 4:

Start

SQL Server service.

Step 5: Connect to the instance. But you cannot see any user defined
databases. The rebuilding process has created a fresh master database
so there are no other databases and all previous configuration values are
lost.

Step 6: Now we can restore the master database to get the previous
configuration settings. Go to command prompt and run server in single
user mode as follows:

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Step 7: Connect to the instance and take new query to restore

master database. Once we restore master database, then we can
get all the previous configuration values including user defined
databases.

Step 8: Click on Connect button and connect to the instance as

follows:

Step 9: Restore master database as follows

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Step 10: Restart SQL Server instance in multi user mode and
connect to SQL Server Management Studio. We can see all user
databases as follows:

Troubleshooting
Sometimes, the rebuild process may fail if there is problem with files present
in Binn\Templates folder. Once you check summary.txt file, let's say it is saying
one message as follows:
Collapse | Copy Code

Configuration error description: The file C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server \

MSSQL10_50.MSSQLSERVER \MSSQL\Binn\Templates\master.mdf is missing

In the above scenario, we have to copy file (master.mdf) from SQL Server dump
or DVD into Binn\Templatesfolder and retry.

Summary
We can summarize the key points as follows according to BOL regarding
rebuilding system databases:

SQL Server 2000

o
We can use RebuildM.exe
o
Need setup media for system database files

SQL Server 2005

o
We can use setup.exe
o
Need setup media for setup.exe and system database files

SQL Server 2008

o
We can use setup.exe
o
Setup media not required and system database files are there
in Binn\Templates folder
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Example: Moving database files using Offline and Online method

--Check current path

sp_helpdb sales
--Create folder and grant read/write
permissions to service account
--ex. d:\Data\SalesFiles
--step3: Modify the file path
use master
go
alter database Sales modify file
(name='Sales',filename='D:\DATA\SalesF
iles\Sales.mdf')
go
alter database Sales modify file
(name='Sales3',filename='D:\DATA\Sale
sFiles\Sales3.ndf')
go
alter database Sales modify file
(name='Sales_log',filename='D:\DATA\S
alesFiles\Sales_log.ldf')
go
--step4: Take database offline
--step5: Move the files into new folder(s)
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--step6: Bring online

Scenarios and FAQs

FAQ: - In which scenarios T.Log is

truncated?
1. When CHECKPOINT occurs in SIMPLE recovery model.
2. When T.Log backup was generated in other recovery models.

FAQ: - Which transactions are not truncated by the

checkpoint even if the recovery model is simple.
1. Un committed transactions are not truncated.
2. Unreplicated transactions.

FAQ: - How can we imagine or calculate size of backup?

Use <dbname>
Go
Sp_spaceused
Check reserved space (Approx Size)

FAQ: - What is your backup

strategy?

Backup strategy refers to types of backups and frequency which we

have scheduled.
It depends on

* Size of database
* Recovery model
* Transaction Rate
* Availability (24/7)

Scenario1

* My database size is 6GB and daily 500

transactions.
Suggestible strategy

1.
2.
3.

Daily Full backup

Every 6hrs differential backup
Every 2hrs T.Log backup

Scenario2
* My Database size is 800GB and daily 50000 transactions.
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Suggestible strategy

1.
2.

Weekly Full backup

Daily differential backup
3. Every 1hr T.Log backup

Exercise: Recovering crashed

database. (17204)
1. Check error log.
2. If the error no 17204 (Data file was damaged)
3. Take tail log backup using

BACKUP LOG <DBNAME> TO DISK=PATH

WITH NO_TRUNCATE
4. Restore FULL BACKUP with NORECOVERY
5. Restore latest differential backup if any WITH NORECOVERY
6. Restore all log backup after recent differential backup then Tail
log backup WITH RECOVERY

FAQ: - Difference between Transaction Log backups and

Tail Log backup?

Transaction Log backup

1. It is scheduled log
backup which truncates
T.log file
2. It forces checkpoint
3. Required to truncate
T.Log file
4. Taken with BACKUP LOG
command

Tail Log backup

1. It is not scheduled. It
cannot truncate T.Log
file
2. Skip checkpoint
3. To recover data when
data file was
damaged.
4. Taken with BACKUP
LOG WITH
NO_TRUNCATE

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Scenario1
We have configured every Sunday 9pm FULL backup. Every
day 9pm differential backups and every 1hr T.Log backups.
Database was failed at 9:30pm on Friday. Then what are the
db recovery steps?
Steps
Take tail log backup to get 9- 9:30pm transactions.
Restore last Sunday Full backup.
Restore Friday 9pm differential backup
Restore tail log backup

Scenario2

My database recovery model was SIMPLE and I have taken

FULL backup. I was unable
to take T.Log backup hence I have
changed recovery model to FULL. Can I take T.Log
backup now?

Not allowed. Full backup of SIMPLE recovery model cannot

work as base for T.Log backups. We have to take first full
backup then T.Log backup.
Scenario3
My Backup was failed. What may be the possible
scenarios?
Disk was full

Server was busy.

Problem with the n/w

If domain is not running and SQL Server Service is running
with domain account.
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 Problem with MSDB and SQL Agent

If there is disk I/O error while reading from data or T.Log
files.
CHECKSUM errors
Database has entered into suspect or restoring.
T.Log file was full. (Only log backups are allowed other
backups fail)

Hi sir,
Getting this error while taking backup last 5 days
can you explain me what steps have to take?
error:

Could not allocate a new page for database

'NorthSideHospital'
because of insufficient disk space in filegroup
'PRIMARY'.
Create the necessary space by dropping objects in the
filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or
setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup.
1. Check that the space in drive where data file is
located.
2. If other files are there then try to move to other
drives.
3. Otherwise add extra data file to the database.
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