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Stepped Bar Analysis: Stress and Strain

This document presents the finite element analysis of a stepped bar under tensile loading. It involves: 1. Discretizing the bar into two elements based on the different cross sections. 2. Deriving the element stiffness matrices for each element. 3. Assembling the element matrices into a global stiffness matrix. 4. Applying the boundary conditions of zero displacement at one end and known force at the other. 5. Solving the equations to determine displacements, strains, and stresses at each node. The total elongation is found to be 5mm and the reaction force is 25kN.

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Ajay Vasanth
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132 views3 pages

Stepped Bar Analysis: Stress and Strain

This document presents the finite element analysis of a stepped bar under tensile loading. It involves: 1. Discretizing the bar into two elements based on the different cross sections. 2. Deriving the element stiffness matrices for each element. 3. Assembling the element matrices into a global stiffness matrix. 4. Applying the boundary conditions of zero displacement at one end and known force at the other. 5. Solving the equations to determine displacements, strains, and stresses at each node. The total elongation is found to be 5mm and the reaction force is 25kN.

Uploaded by

Ajay Vasanth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem No.

1
14CE3306
December 28, 2016

Find the total elongation, stress, strain for


stepped bar, when

Figure 1: Given problem


P1 = 20kN
a1 = 20mm2
E1 = 2 105 M P a
l1 = 800mm

P2 = 5kN
a2 = 10mm2
E2 = 70 105 M P a
l2 = 500mm

The general procedure adopted for FEA is


1. Discretisation

2. Derivation of element sti ness matrix


3. Assembly of element sti ness matrix
4. Applying Boundary conditions
5. Solution
1.1

Step 1

In the given problem there are two di erent cross sections, hence the basically
the structure has to be discretised into two elements
1.2

Step 2

Element

1
2

node i

1
2

node j

2
3

1.3
1.3.1

1.3.2

Step 3
For Element 1

For Element 2

F1
F2

F2
F2

AE

AE

l 1


l 2



1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1

u1
u2



u2
u3

(1)


(2)

Substituting the know values in element 1 (1)




F1
F2

20  10 6  2  105
800  10 3

F1
F2

= 5000



1
1

1
1



1
1

1
1

u1
u2

u1
u2

(3)

Similarly substituting the value in element 2 (2)




F2
F3

10  10 6  70  103  106
500  10 3


F2
F3

1.4

1
1



1
= 1400
1

1
1

u2
u3



1
1

u2
u3

(4)

Step 4

In this step the assembly of the sti ness matrix is performed, to perform this
step the order and the degree of freedom of the 3 and 4 must be in the same
order.
Hence converting 3
2

F1
4F2 5

= 5000 4

1
1
0

32

1 0 u1
1 05 4u2 5
0 0
0

(5)

Similarly converting 4
2

0
4F2 5 = 1400 40
F3
0

0
1
1
2

32

0
0
15 4u2 5
1
u3

(6)

The Assembly is done by adding 5 and 6


2

F1
4F2 5
F3
1.5

=4

5000
5000
0

32

5000
6400
1400

0
u1
14005 4u2 5
1400
u3

(7)

Step 5

Applying the boundary conditions


5kN ; F1 = 0
2

0 20  103 5  103 = 4

u1

= 0; P1 =

5000
5000
0

5000
6400
1400

F1

= 20kN ; P2 =

F3

0

14005 0
1400

u2

u3

In the above matrix the rst row and the rst column can be eliminated as they
don't alter the nature of the simultaneous equation. Thus reducing the above
equation


 
20  103 6400
1400 u2
5  103
1400 1400 u3
Converting the above matrix back to the form of equation
20  103 = 6400u2

1400u3

(8)

5  10 = 1400u2 + 1400u3
(9)
Solving the equations 8 and 9 the de ections that are present at the nodes
3

= 5mmu3 = 8:571mm
Similarly the value of the strain can be found at each and every node
u
u1
5 0
l
= 6:25  10 3
= 2
=
1 =
l 1
l1
800
l
u
u2
8:571 5
2 =
= 3
=
= 7:142  10 3
l 2
l2
500
The value of stress at each node
u2

1

= E1 1 = 2  105  6:25  10 3 = 1250N=mm2

= E2 2 = 70  103  7:142  10 3 = 500N=mm2


The reaction force that is present in the node 1 can be found as follows (consider
element 1)
 

 
F1
1
1 u1
= 5000
F2
1 1 u2
Solving the above matrix
2

F1

= 5000(u1

u2 )

= 5000(0
3

5) = 25kN

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