FEM Analysis of Paper Feed Mechanism with Reverse Roller
by
Shigeo YANABE, Yuhei HOSOKAWA, Takayuki MAEDA,
and Saiji YOKOYAMA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology,
1603-1 Kamitomiokamachi, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata, 940-2188 Japan
A paper feed process of a reverse roller type feed mechanism is simulated by a FEM software
MARC. The feed system is composed of a feed roller rotating at a constant velocity and a
reverse roller with reverse torque. In the simulation, a modified Coulomb friction model is
used, where the friction force is a function of slipping velocity as well as vertical load and
coefficient of friction. The results show that the feed process is successfully simulated. The
paper feed velocity decreases as the reverse torque becomes larger. The friction forces acting
between the paper and rollers are almost the same in magnitude and equal the value obtained
by dividing the reverse torque by the separation roller radius. Based on the simulation results,
a method for evaluating the paper feed velocity is proposed.
Key Words :
Information Processing Device, Finite Element Method,
Contact Problem, Coulomb Friction, Paper Feed, Friction Coefficient,
1. Introduction
2. Simulation method
One of the key technologies constructing
printers, copiers and ATMs is how to transfer
flexible media like papers or bank notes
separately with high speed. Devices to do that
are called a paper feed mechanism. In
developing these devices, trial and error in
mechanism design and a huge number of
performance tests are made to determine the
mechanism details, sizes, materials, and so on.
It takes a long time and a large amount of
money. Recently, in order to shorten the
developing time and to reduce the cost,
computer simulation of the paper feed
mechanism is highly requested.
In this study, a paper feed process of a system
with two rollers is simulated by using FEM
software Marc, considering effects of the
modified Coulomb friction. The simulated
results show that the friction forces do not
depend on the normal force but the reverse
torque. Based on this result, a simple analytical
model and a set of equations including the
modified Coulomb friction are proposed, and a
method to predict the paper feed velocity is
shown.
Figure 1 shows a two-dimensional FEM
simulation model treated here. The model is
composed of a feed roller (20mm), a reverse
roller (20mm), and a paper (t=0.1mm). The
feed roller rotates at a constant velocity and the
reverse roller is subjected to a reverse torque T
and pushed to the feed roller by a spring. A
rubber layer with 1mm thickness is wrapped
around each steel roller surface. These
components are divided by plane strain
quadrilateral elements. The modified Coulomb
friction F is not only a function of a normal force
P and coefficient of friction but a slip velocity
v r as shown by Eq.(1). Typical F v r curves
are shown in Fig.2, where C is a normalized slip
velocity to be determined by experiments.
= P
2
tan
vr
C
(1)
3. Simulation Results
v r 1 = r1 1 v p
The simulations were carried out under the
conditions
of
P = 0 .1N ,
1 = 2 = 1 ,
& 1 = & 2 = v& p = 0
r1 1 = 0 .2 mm / s . The reverse torque T is
decreases with increase in the reverse torque. (2)
The friction forces F acting between the paper
and the rollers are constant with time and equals
T / r2 , where r2 ( = 10 mm ) denotes the radius
of the reverse roller. It is very interesting that F
does not equal i P (i = 1, 2 ) .
4. Evaluation of paper feed velocity
T
v ri = C tan
2 r2 P i
Rigid
cylinder
F i = i P
2
tan
or two
Y One
papers
0.13mm/s and it almost equals the simulated
result in Fig.3(b).
Rubber
layer
Steel
pillow
Rev erse
torqu e
(2)
Separation
roller
(3)
mv& p = F1 F2
(9)
Feed
roller
in case of T = 0 .39 Nmm is
I 2& 2 = T r2 F2
( i = 1,2 )
(1) The paper feed velocity decreases as the
reverse torque increases.
(2) The friction forces acting on the upper and
the lower of the paper are equal to the
reversetorque divided by the roller radius.
(3) The paper feed velocity is evaluated from the
slip velocity at each contact surface, which is
obtained from the modified Coulomb friction
equation.
paper feed velocity v p can be calculated. This
I 1& 1 = M r1 F1
(8)
5. Conclusion
Based on the FEM simulation results, the
simple analytical model shown in Fig.4 and
equations of motion Eqs.(2)(6) of the model
system are proposed. If Eq.(7) is assumed, Eq.(8)
is easily derived, which has been shown in Sec.3.
Substituting Eq.(8) into Eq.(5), the slip velocity
Eq.(9) can be obtained. From Eqs(9) and (6), the
predicted v p
(7)
F1F2/ r2 / r1
changed in 4 levels 0, 0.39, 0.56, and 0.73 Nmm.
The results are shown in Figs.(a)(d). These
figures show the followings. (1) The paper feed
velocity v p is almost constant and the velocity
(6)
v r 2 = r 2 2 v p
Load
(4)
Spring
Fig.1 Simulation model
v
ri (i=1,2) (5)
C
F
P
1
C = 0.01
C = 0.1
C=1
Feed
roller
C = 10
C = 100
10
I1
v r /
paper
10
r1
1
r2
Fig.2 Modified Coulomb friction model
T=0(Nmm)
T=0.39(Nmm)
T=0.56(Nmm)
T=0.73(Nmm)
X (mm)
3
2
(a)
-2
0
50
100
150
200
0.25
0.2
0.15
Vp(mm /s)
2
I2
Fig.4 Simple calculation model for
paper feed process
-1
0.1
0.05
0
(b)
Step
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
0
50
100
150
200
Step
0.2
0
(mm/s)
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
50
100
150
200
150
200
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
N)
Separation
roller
5
4
vp
F1
F2
0.04
0.03
0.02
(d)
0.01
0
-0.01
0
50
100
Fig.3 Effects of reverse torque on paper feed process
3
