Structural Damage on Unloading

Hatch Coamings
and Covers

Transverse
Corrugated
Bulkhead

Side
Frames
and
Brackets

Hopper
Tank

Double Bottom

Loading and Unloading Sequences

z IACS Unified Requirement S1A Additional

Requirements for Loading Manuals.....

z Provision of Loading & Unloading Sequences

z Applicable to New & Existing Bulk Carriers
z Sequence Step on Loader/Unloader Movement
Cargo & Ballast Documented for each Step
Draughts & Trim for each Step
Maximum SWSF & SWBM for each Step

Loading Sequence Animation

z Loading in Alternate Holds
z Based upon Actual Approved Sequences for a

Seven Hold Panamax Bulk Carrier

z 60,300 tonnes of Cargo Loaded;

1st Pass of 25,000 tonnes in four pours
2nd Pass of 14,500 tonnes in seven pours
3rd Pass of 16,300 tonnes in four pours
Topping off in end holds with 4,500 tonnes

Loading Cargo

5000

Cargo Mass Loaded

Fore Draught

Aft Draught

8.1

CARGO

90%
SWSF

8.1

BALLAST

64%
SWBM

Loading Sequence Animation

z Loading in Alternate Holds

1st Pass

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

1st Pass

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

10000

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

10000

8.1

CARGO

62%

5.1

BALLAST

87%

10000

8.1

CARGO

65%

6.1

BALLAST

79%

10000

8.1

CARGO

69%

7.1

BALLAST

72%

10000

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

5000

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

5000

8.1

CARGO

90%

8.1

BALLAST

64%

5000

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

5000

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

5000

8.6

CARGO

91%

8.7

BALLAST

68%

5000

8.6

CARGO

87%

8.8

BALLAST

64%

8.6

CARGO

82%

8.8

BALLAST

60%

8.5

CARGO

78%

8.7

BALLAST

57%

8.5

CARGO

73%

8.6

BALLAST

53%

8.5

CARGO

69%

8.4

BALLAST

49%

8.5

CARGO

69%

8.4

BALLAST

49%

8.5

CARGO

69%

8.4

BALLAST

49%

5000

8.5

CARGO

69%

8.4

BALLAST

49%

5000

8.5

CARGO

69%

8.4

BALLAST

49%

5000

8.5

CARGO

66%

8.3

BALLAST

49%

5000

8.5

CARGO

63%

8.2

BALLAST

52%

8.6

CARGO

63%

8.1

BALLAST

52%

8.6

CARGO

62%

8.0

BALLAST

54%

8.6

CARGO

65%

7.9

BALLAST

58%

2nd Pass

8.6

CARGO

69%

7.8

BALLAST

63%

2nd Pass

8.6

CARGO

72%

7.7

BALLAST

68%

8.6

CARGO

76%

7.6

BALLAST

73%

8.7

CARGO

79%

7.5

BALLAST

78%

8.7

CARGO

83%

7.4

BALLAST

82%

2000

8.7

CARGO

86%

7.3

BALLAST

87%

2000

8.7

CARGO

86%

7.3

BALLAST

87%

2000

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

3000

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

3000

8.1

CARGO

83%

8.2

BALLAST

96%

3000

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

3000

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

3000

9.0

CARGO

65%

8.4

BALLAST

75%

3000

9.0

CARGO

76%

8.9

BALLAST

74%

3000

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

2000

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

2000

9.0

CARGO

87%

9.4

BALLAST

73%

2000

9.6

CARGO

89%

9.2

BALLAST

75%

2000

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

2000

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

2000

10.1

CARGO

90%

9.0

BALLAST

77%

2000

9.8

CARGO

90%

9.7

BALLAST

83%

2000

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

1000

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

1000

9.5

CARGO

89%

10.3

BALLAST

88%

1000

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

1500

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

1500

9.4

CARGO

96%

10.6

BALLAST

87%

1500

9.9

CARGO

97%

10.5

BALLAST

89%

1500

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

3rd Pass

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

3rd Pass

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

7668

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

7668

10.3

CARGO

98%

10.3

BALLAST

91%

7668

11.3

CARGO

75%

10.6

BALLAST

62%

7668

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

4000

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

4000

12.2

CARGO

96%

10.9

BALLAST

37%

4000

12.0

CARGO

90%

11.1

BALLAST

38%

4000

11.8

CARGO

84%

11.4

BALLAST

44%

4000

11.5

CARGO

78%

11.6

BALLAST

50%

4000

11.3

CARGO

71%

11.9

BALLAST

56%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

3000

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

3000

11.1

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

62%

3000

11.8

CARGO

81%

11.9

BALLAST

69%

3000

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

1635

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

1635

12.5

CARGO

83%

11.6

BALLAST

76%

1635

12.3

CARGO

79%

12.1

BALLAST

71%

1635

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

End Hold Topping Off

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

End Hold Topping Off

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

1435

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

1435

12.5

CARGO

76%

12.1

BALLAST

65%

1435

12.3

CARGO

76%

12.6

BALLAST

74%

1435

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

3064

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

3064

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

3064

12.9

CARGO

92%

12.8

BALLAST

89%

3064

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

13.6

14564

98%

15668

15635

CARGO

BALLAST

14435

12.5

95%

Over-Loading Sequence Animation

z 500 tonne Overload of

Hold No. 7

z Tank top pressure and

SF & BM limits exceeded

500
3064

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

500
3064

12.1

CARGO

89%

13.0

BALLAST

82%

500
3064

12.9

CARGO

92%

12.8

BALLAST

89%

500
3064

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

500

13.6

CARGO

98%

12.5

BALLAST

95%

500

13.8

CARGO

112%

12.2

BALLAST

105%

13.8

CARGO

112%

12.2

BALLAST

105%

13.8

CARGO

112%

12.2

BALLAST

105%

13.8

CARGO

112%

12.2

BALLAST

105%

13.8

CARGO

112%

12.2

BALLAST

105%

13.8

15064

112%

15668

15635

CARGO

BALLAST

14435

12.2

105%

Bulk Carrier Safety - A Summary

z Loading & Unloading Factors may have

Contributed to Ship Losses

z Potential Structural Problems during Loading

and Unloading have been Identified

z On-board Loading & Unloading Guidance is

being Improved

z Handle with Care - Potential Problems have

been Published