SharePoint - Wikipedia
SharePoint - Wikipedia
SharePoint
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
SharePointisawebbasedapplicationthatintegrateswith
SharePoint
MicrosoftOffice.Launchedin2001,[3]SharePointisprimarily
soldasadocumentmanagementandstoragesystem,butthe
productishighlyconfigurableandusagevariessubstantially
betweenorganizations.
MicrosoftstatesthatSharePointhas160millionusersacross
75,000customerorganizations.[4]
Contents
1 Editions
1.1 SharePointServer SharePointOnlineuserinterface
1.2 SharePointStandard
1.3 SharePointEnterprise Developer(s) MicrosoftCorporation
1.4 SharePointOnline Initialrelease 2001
2 Applications
2.1 EnterpriseContentandDocument Stablerelease 2016/May4,2016
Management Developmentstatus Active
2.2 IntranetandSocialNetwork
2.3 CollaborativeSoftware Operatingsystem WindowsServer2008R2and
2.4 FileHostingService(PersonalCloud) WindowsServer2012[1]
2.5 CustomWebApplications
3 ContentStructure Platform x64
3.1 Pages Availablein Basque,Bulgarian,Catalan,
3.2 WebParts&AppParts Chinese,Croatian,Czech,
3.3 Lists,Libraries,Content,and"Apps"
Danish,Dutch,English,
3.4 Sites
4 Configurationandcustomization Estonian,Finnish,French,
4.1 Webbasedconfiguration Galician,German,Greek,
4.2 SharePointDesigner Hebrew,Hungarian,Hindi,
4.3 CustomDevelopment Italian,Japanese,Kazakh,
5 ServerArchitecture Korean,Latvian,Lithuanian,
5.1 Farms Norwegian(Bokml),Polish,
5.2 Webapplications
5.3 Sitecollections Portuguese,Romanian,
5.4 Serviceapplications Russian,Serbian(Latin),
6 Administration,Security,Compliance Slovak,Slovenian,Spanish,
6.1 Compliance,standardsandintegration Swedish,Thai,Turkish,and
6.2 OtherSharePointrelatedMicrosoftproducts
Ukrainian[2]
7 History
7.1 Origins Type ContentManagementSystems
7.2 Versions License Proprietarysoftware
7.3 NotablechangesinSharePoint2010
SharePointFoundation:
7.4 NotablechangesinSharePoint2013
Freeware
7.5 NotablechangesinSharePoint2016[37][38]
8 RelatedSoftwareandCompetitors Othereditions:Trialware
[Link] 1/12
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Editions
TherearevariousdifferenteditionsofSharePointwhichhavedifferentfunctions:
SharePointServer
SharePointServerisprovidedtoorganizationsthatseekgreatercontroloverSharePoint'[Link]
productisinstalledonthecustomer'[Link],buthasaccesstoawider
[Link]:Standard,Enterprise,
andFoundation(free)whichwasdiscontinuedin2016.[5]Theseserversmaybeprovisionedasnormal
virtual/cloudservers,orashostedservices.
SharePointStandard
MicrosoftSharePointStandardbuildsontheMicrosoftSharePointFoundationinafewkeyproductareas.
Sites:Audiencetargeting,governancetools,Securestoreservice,webanalyticsfunctionality.[6]
Communities:'MySites'(personalprofilesincludingskillsmanagement,andsearchtools),enterprisewikis,
organizationhierarchybrowser,tagsandnotes.[7]
Content:Improvedtoolingandcompliancefordocument&recordmanagement,managedmetadata,word
automationservices,contenttypemanagement.[8]
Search:Bettersearchresults,searchcustomizationabilities,mobilesearch,'Didyoumean?',OSsearch
integration,FacetedSearch,andmetadata/relevancy/date/locationbasedrefinementoptions.[9]
Composites:Prebuiltworkflowtemplates,BCSprofilepages.[10]
SharePointStandardlicensingincludesaCAL(clientaccesslicense)[Link]
Standardmayalsobelicensedthroughacloudmodel.
SharePointEnterprise
BuiltuponSharePointStandard,MicrosoftSharePointEnterprisefeaturescanbeunlockedsimplybyprovidingan
additionallicensekey.
ExtrafeaturesinSharePointEnterpriseinclude:
Searchthumbnailsandpreviews,richwebindexing,bettersearchresults.
Businessintelligenceintegration,dashboards,andbusinessdatasurfacing.
PowerPivotandPerformancePoint.
MicrosoftOfficeAccess,Visio,Excel,andInfoPathFormsservices.
SharePointEnterpriseSearchextensions.[11]
SharePointEnterpriselicensingincludesaCALcomponentandaserverfeethatmustbepurchasedinadditionto
[Link].
SharePointOnline
[Link] 2/12
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Microsoft'shostedSharePointistypicallybundledinMicrosoftOffice365subscriptions,butcanbepurchased
outright.[12]Itislimitedtoacoresetofcollaboration,filehosting,anddocumentandcontentmanagement
scenarios,andisupdatedonafrequentbasis,butistypicallycomparablewithSharePointEnterprise.[13][14]
Currently,additionalcapabilitiesinclude:
SupportforSharePointFrameworkextensions
New"Modern"(Responsive)SharePointUX(partiallyincludedin2016FeaturePack1)
YammerIntegration&Office365Groups
IntegrationwithOutlookWebApp
NewerversionsofOnlineOfficeDocumentEditorTools
Removalofvariousfilesize/numberlimitations
AppsConcept
Missingcapabilitiesinclude
Somesearch&UIcustomizations
Manywebpublishingcapabilities
ServiceApplicationadministrationoptions
Manycustomization/solutiontypeswillnotrun
Noabilitytoreaderror(ULS)logs
[Link]([Link]
Applications
[Link],
mostofwhichrequireconfigurationandgovernance.[15]
ThemostcommonusesoftheSharePointinclude:
EnterpriseContentandDocumentManagement
SharePointallowsforstorage,retrieval,searching,archiving,tracking,management,andreportingonofelectronic
[Link],information
management,[Link]'graph'
functionality.[16]SharePoint'sintegrationwithMicrosoftWindowsandMicrosoftOfficeallowforcollaborative
realtimeediting,andencrypted/informationrightsmanagedsynchronization.
Thiscapabilityisoftenusedtoreplaceanexistingcorporatefileserver,andistypicallycoupledwithanenterprise
contentmanagementpolicy.[17]
IntranetandSocialNetwork
[Link]
atoolthathelpsanorganizationmanageitsinternalcommunications,applicationsandinformationmoreeasily.
Microsoftclaimsthatthishasorganizationalbenefitssuchasincreasedemployeeengagement,centralizingprocess
management,reducingnewstaffonboardingcosts,andprovidingthemeanstocaptureandsharetacitknowledge
([Link]).
CollaborativeSoftware
[Link] 3/12
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SharePointcontainsteamcollaborationgroupwarecapabilities,including:Projectscheduling(integratedwith
OutlookandProject),socialcollaboration,sharedmailboxes,andprojectrelateddocumentstorageand
[Link]"TeamSite".
FileHostingService(PersonalCloud)
SharePointServerhostsOneDriveforBusiness,whichallowsstorageandsynchronizationofanindividual's
personaldocuments,aswellaspublic/[Link]
otherMicrosoftOfficeServers/ServicessuchasMicrosoftExchange,toproducea"personalcloud",
ThiscapabilityisoftencomparedtoserviceslikeBoxorDropbox.
[Link],Microsoft'simplementationof
WebDAVdoesn'tconformtotheofficialWebDAVprotocolandthereforeisn'tcomplianttotheWebDAVstandard.
Forexample,WebDAVapplicationshavetosupportthelanguagetaggingfunctionalityoftheXML
specification[18]whichMicrosoft'simplementationdoesn't.OnlyWindowsXPtoWindows8aresupported.[19]
CustomWebApplications
SharePoint'scustomdevelopmentcapabilitiesprovideanadditionallayerofservicesthatallowrapidprototyping
ofintegrated(typicallylineofbusiness)webapplications.[20]SharePointprovidesdeveloperswithintegrationinto
corporatedirectoriesanddatasourcesthroughstandardssuchasREST/OData/[Link]
developersuseSharePoint'ssecurityandinformationmanagementcapabilitiesacrossavarietyofdevelopment
[Link]"appstore"thathasdifferenttypesofexternal
applicationswithencapsulatedandmanagedtoaccesstoresourcessuchascorporateuserdataanddocumentdata.
ContentStructure
Pages
[Link]
users,ortoprovidestructuretotheSharePointenvironment.
WebParts&AppParts
WebpartsandApppartsarecomponents(alsoknownasportlets)[Link]
displayinformationfrombothSharePointandthirdpartyapplications.
Lists,Libraries,Content,and"Apps"
ASharePointlibrarystoresanddisplaysfilesandfolders.
ASharePointliststoresanddisplaysdataitems.
[Link]"Document"whichmayhavea
"Name","Contact"withcontactinformationfields,or"SalesInvoice"withfieldssuchas"Total"and"Customer
ID".
[Link] 4/12
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ContentTypesaredefinitions(ortypes)[Link]
Document,Contact,[Link]
[Link]:Contacts,Appointments,Documents,andFolders.
Somebuiltincontenttypessuchas'contact'or'appointment'allowthelisttoexposeadvancedfeaturessuchas
MicrosoftOutlookorProjectsynchronization.[21]
InSharePoint2013,insomelocations,ListsandLibrarieswererenamed'Apps'(despitebeingunrelatedtothe
"SharePointAppStore").InSharePoint2016,someofthesewererenamedbacktoListsandLibraries.
Sites
ASharePointSiteisacollectionofpages,lists,libraries,apps,configurations,features,contenttypes,andsub
[Link]:collaboration(team)sites,wikisites,blanksites,and
publishingsites.
Configurationandcustomization
Webbasedconfiguration
[Link]
configurationcapabilityoftheproduct.
Dependingonyourpermissionlevel,thewebinterfacecanbeusedto:
Manipulatecontentstructure,sitestructure,create/deletesites,modifynavigationandsecurity,or
add/removeapps.
Enableordisableproductfeatures,uploadcustomdesigns/themes,orturnonintegrationswithotherOffice
products.
Configurebasicworkflows,viewusageanalytics,managemetadata,configuresearchoptions,upload
customizations,andsetupintegration.[22]
SharePointDesigner
SharePointDesignerisasemideprecatedproductthatprovided'advancedediting'capabilitiesforHTML/ASPX
pages,butremainstheprimarymethodofeditingSharePointworkflows.
AsignificantsubsetofHTMLeditingfeatureswereremovedinDesigner2013,andtheproductisexpectedtobe
deprecatedin20167.[23]
MicrosoftSharePoint'sServerFeaturesareconfiguredeitherusingPowerShell,oraWebUIcalled"Central
Administration".Configurationofserverfarmsettings([Link],webapplicationservices)canbehandled
throughthesecentraltools.
WhileCentralAdministrationislimitedtofarmwidesettings(configDB),itprovidesaccesstotoolssuchasthe
'SharePointHealthAnalyzer',adiagnostichealthcheckingtool.
InadditiontoPowerShell'sfarmconfigurationfeatures,somelimitedtoolsaremadeavailableforadministeringor
adjustingsettingsforsitesorsitecollectionsincontentdatabases.
[Link] 5/12
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AlimitedsubsetofthesefeaturesareavailablebySharePoint'sSaaSproviders,includingMicrosoft.
CustomDevelopment
TheSharePoint"AppModel"providesvarioustypesofexternalapplicationsthatofferthecapabilityto
[Link]
"SharePointhosted",or"Providerhosted".Providerhostedappsmaybedevelopedusingmostbackend
webtechnologies([Link],NodeJS,PHP).AppsareservedthroughaproxyinSharePoint,which
requiressomeDNS/certificatemanipulationinonpremisesversionsofSharePoint.
TheSharePoint"ClientObjectModel"([Link]),andREST/SOAPAPIscanbe
referencedfrommanyenvironments,providingauthenticatedusersaccesstoawidevarietyofSharePoint
capabilities.[24]
"Sandboxed"[Link]
securityrestricted,andcanbegovernedatmultiplelevels(includingresourceconsumptionmanagement).In
multitenantcloudenvironments,thesearetheonlycustomization'sthataretypicallyallowed.
[Link]
deprecatedfornewdevelopment.
Serviceapplications:ItispossibletointegratedirectlyintotheSharePointSOAbus,atafarmlevel.
Customizationmayappearthrough:
ApplicationtoapplicationintegrationwithSharePoint.
ExtensionstoSharePointfunctionality([Link]).
'WebParts'(alsoknownas"portlets","widgets",or"gadgets")thatprovidenewfunctionalitywhenaddedto
apage.
Pages/sitesorpage/sitetemplates.[24]
ServerArchitecture
SharePointServercanbescaleddowntooperateentirelyfromonedevelopermachine,orscaleduptobemanaged
acrosshundredsofmachines.[25]
Farms
ASharePointfarmisalogicalgroupingofSharePointserversthatsharecommonresources.[26]Afarmtypically
operatesstandalone,butcanalsosubscribetofunctionsfromanotherfarm,orprovidefunctionstoanotherfarm.
Eachfarmhasitsowncentralconfigurationdatabase,whichismanagedthrougheitheraPowerShellinterface,ora
CentralAdministrationwebsite(whichreliespartlyonPowerShell'sinfrastructure).Eachserverinthefarmisable
[Link]([Link],
windowsfeatures,databaseconnections)tomatchtherequirementsofthefarm,andtoreportserverhealthissues,
resourceallocationissues,etc...
Webapplications
WebApplications(Was)[Link]
[Link]
SharePointcentralmanagementconsole,whicharereplicatedbySharePointacrosseveryIISInstance([Link]
ApplicationServers)configuredinthefarm.
Sitecollections
[Link] 6/12
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Asitecollectionisahierarchicalgroupof'SharePointSites'.Eachwebapplicationmusthaveatleastonesite
[Link](detailedhere([Link]
[Link].spsite_properties.aspx)),commonsubscriptionstoserviceapplications,andcanbeconfigured
withuniquehostnames.[27]Asitecollectionmayhaveadistinctcontentdatabases,ormayshareacontent
databasewithothersitecollectionsinthesamewebapplication.[25]
Serviceapplications
ServiceApplicationsprovidegranularpiecesofSharePointfunctionalitytootherwebandserviceapplicationsin
[Link],andtheSearchIndexingservice.
Aserviceapplicationcanbeturnedoff,existononeserver,orbeloadbalancedacrossmanyserversinafarm.
ServiceApplicationsaredesignedtohaveindependentfunctionalityandindependentsecurityscopes.[25]
Administration,Security,Compliance
SharePoint'sarchitectureenables'leastprivileges'executionpermissionmodel.[28]
SharePointCentralAdministration(theCA)isawebapplicationthattypicallyexistsonasingleserverinthefarm,
howeveritisalsoabletobedeployedforredundancytomultipleservers.[25]Thisapplicationprovidesacomplete
centralizedmanagementinterfaceforweb&serviceapplicationsintheSharePointfarm,includingADaccount
managementforweb&[Link],WindowsPowerShellis
typicallyusedontheCAservertoreconfigurethefarm.
[Link](cloud)
hostingenvironment,[Link]'Tenant
Administration'(TA)isanoptionalwebapplicationusedbywebapplicationownerstomanagehowtheirweb
applicationinteractswiththesharedresourcesinthefarm.[25]
Compliance,standardsandintegration
SharePointintegrateswithMicrosoftOffice.
SharePointusesMicrosoft'[Link]
metadataisalsostoredusingthisformat.
SharePointprovidesvariousapplicationprogramminginterfaces(APIs:clientside,serverside,JavaScript)
andREST,SOAPandODatabasedinterfaces.
SharePointcanbeusedtoachievecompliancewithmanydocumentretention,recordmanagement,
documentIDanddiscoverylaws.[29]
SharePointiscompatiblewithCMIStheContentManagementInteroperabilityStandard,usingMicrosoft's
CMISConnector([Link]
SharePointbydefaultproducesvalidXHTML1.0thatiscompliantwithWCAG2.0accessibilitystandards.
SharePointcanuseclaimsbasedauthentication,[Link]
providesanopenauthenticationpluginmodel.
SharePointhassupportforXLIFFtosupportthelocalizationofcontentinSharePoint.[30]Alsoadded
supportforAppFabric.[31]
OtherSharePointrelatedMicrosoftproducts
[Link] 7/12
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History
Origins
SharePointevolvedfromprojectscodenamed"OfficeServer"and"Tahoe"duringtheOfficeXPdevelopment
cycle.
"OfficeServer"evolvedoutoftheFrontPageandOfficeServerExtensionsand"TeamPages".Ittargetedsimple,
bottomupcollaboration.
"Tahoe",builtonsharedtechnologywithExchangeandtheDigitalDashboard,targetedtopdownportals,search
[Link]"Tahoe"feature
[Link]
SiteServerfamilyofproductsandfromthequerylanguageofMicrosoftIndexServer.[35]
Versions
Successiveversions(inchronologicalorder):
SharePointPortalServer2001
SharePointTeamServices(2002)
SharePointServices2.0(freelicense)SharePointPortalServer2003(commercialrelease)
SharePointServices3.0(freelicense)plusOfficeSharePointServer2007(commercialextension)[3]
SharePointFoundation2010(free)plusSharePointServer2010(commercialextensionforFoundation),
andSharePointEnterprise2010(commercialextensionforServer)
SharePointFoundation2013(free)plusSharePointServer2013(extensionontopofFoundation),and
SharePointEnterprise2013.
SharePointOnline(Plan1),andSharePointOnline(Plan2)
SharePointServer2016plusSharePointEnterprise2016.
NotablechangesinSharePoint2010
Changesinenduserfunctionalityaddedinthe2010versionofSharePointinclude:
NewUIwithFluentRibbon,usingwikipagesratherthan'webpartpages'andofferingmultibrowser
support.
Newsocialprofiles,andearlysocialnetworkingfeatures
CentralAdministrationrebuilt.
Restructureof"SharedServiceProviders"Introductionof"ServiceApplications"SOAmodel.
SandboxedSolutionsandaclientsideobjectmodelAPIsforJavaScript,Silverlight,[Link]
BusinessConnectivityServices,ClaimsbasedAuthentication,andWindowsPowerShellsupport
NotablechangesinSharePoint2013
Crossbrowserdrag&dropsupportforfileuploads/changes,andFollow/Sharebuttons
OneDriveforBusiness(initiallySkyDrivePro)replacesMySitesandWorkspaces.
Updatestosocialnetworkfeature&newtaskaggregationtool.
Databasecaching,calledDistributedCacheService[36]
Contentawareswitching,calledManagement
Auditcenter(servicecalledeDiscovery)
Rebuiltandimprovedsearchcapabilities
[Link] 9/12
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Removalofsomeanalyticscapabilities
UI:JSLink,MDS,[Link].
NotablechangesinSharePoint2016[37][38]
HybridImprovements
SingleSitesView
UnifiedSearch
SearchSensitiveInformationinHybridSearch
UnifiedUI(O365)
Performance,Scaling&DeploymentImprovements
SearchScalingCapabilities
SiteCollectionEnhancement
DeterministicViewThresholdRemoving5000Limit
DurableLinksandLargeFilesSupport
DeploymentImprovements
MinRole
ZeroDowntimePatching
RelatedSoftwareandCompetitors
EnterpriseContent PersonalCloudfor Intranet&Corporate WebContent
Management[39] Business[40] SocialNetwork[41] Management
EMC
Documentum
Yammer
OpenText
VMWareSocialCast
Onbase
Dropbox Slack Oracle
Proprietary IBMFileNet
Box SalesforceChatter WebCenterPortal
Oracle
GoogleDrive Jive modx
Competition WebCenter
Tonido TIBCOSoftware WordPress
Content
ResilioSync IBMConnections Umbraco
Perceptive
IGLOOSoftware
Content
JostleCorporation
NewgenSoftware
SpringCM
Allmajorcompetition
isopensource.
AeroFS
Open Alfresco
Nextcloud Drupal
Source (software) Diaspora(social
OnlyOffice Joomla
Nuxeo network)
OwnCloud DotNetNuke
Competition eXoPlatform eXoPlatform
Seafile
Typo3
Syncthing Formoresee:Listof
CMS
Seealso
Enterpriseportal
[Link] 10/12
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Listofcollaborativesoftware
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