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Colligative Properties

Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles dissolved and include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering. Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression depend on the molal concentration of the solute and are directly proportional. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the molar concentration of a solution and absolute temperature. Vapor pressure lowering is equal to the mole fraction of solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

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Carlo Joseph Moskito
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129 views3 pages

Colligative Properties

Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles dissolved and include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering. Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression depend on the molal concentration of the solute and are directly proportional. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the molar concentration of a solution and absolute temperature. Vapor pressure lowering is equal to the mole fraction of solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

Uploaded by

Carlo Joseph Moskito
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC or read online on Scribd

Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties are properties that depend on the number of solute particles dissolved in a given
quantity

I. Boiling Point Elevation


 is the increase of boiling point of solution due to increase of solutes
 Solvents are directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute.
 Depends on Molality

Formula: ∆ Tb = Kbm

Where Molality equals:


Mass in Grams
Kilogram of
m = Solvent
Molecular weight

Mass in Grams
∆ Tb = Kb
Kilogram of Solvent
Molecular weight

Where: ∆Tb = Boiling Point Elevation


Kb = Constant Boiling Point
m = molal concentration
∆ = delta/rise
∆Tb= Tb solution – Tb Solvent

Boiling Point Constant for Solvents

Solvent Normal Boiling Point (0C) Kb Constant (0C)


Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) 117.9 3.07
Benzene (C6H6) 80.1 2.53
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) 76.54 5.03
Chloroform (CHCl3) 61.2 3.63
Ethanol (C2H5OH) 78.5 1.22
Phenol (C6H6O) 1.75 3.56
Water (H2O) 100 0.512

II. Freezing Point Depression


 Is he decrease in freezing point due to the presence of solute
 Solvents are directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute.
 Represented by ∆Tf

Formula: ∆ Tf= Kfm

Where Molality equals:


Mass in Grams
Kilogram of
m = Solvent
Molecular weight
Mass in Grams
∆ Tf = K f Kilogram of Solvent
Molecular weight

Where: ∆Tf = Freezing Point Depression


Kb = Constant Freezing Point
m = molal concentration

∆Tf= Tf solution – Tf Solvent

Freezing Point Constant for Solvents

Solvent Normal Freezing Point Kf Constant (0C)


(0C)
Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) 16.604 3.90
Benzene (C6H6) 5.5 4.90
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) -22.99 2.98
Chloroform (CHCl3) -63.5 4.60
Ethanol (C2H5OH) -117.3 0.199
Phenol (C6H6O) 43 7.40
Water (H2O) 0 1.86

Kg of solvent (∆Tf) (mwt)


Mass of solute =
Kf

Mass of solute (Kf)


Mwt =
(∆Tf) (kg of sovent )

Mass of solute (Kf)


Mass of solvent
(∆Tf) (mwt)

III. Osmotic Pressure – is directly proportional on molar conc. of a solution at absolute temperature
 Osmosis – the push or the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane
 Semipermeable Membrane – a thick membrane that surrounds every cells
 Related to the ideal gas law, PV=nRT
 The greater the conc. the higher the osmotic pressure

Where: PV=nRT
P= (n/V) RT Since Molarity = n/V

Formula: P=MRT
Therefore ∏= MRT
Where: ∏ = osmotic pressure M= Molarity
R= gas constant at 0.08025 atm*mol/L*K T= absolute temp in K

IV. Vapor Pressure Lowering


 Measures the tendency of a liquid to vaporize or to become gaseous
 Equal to the mole fraction of solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of pure solvent
 Represented by P

Formula: P=P0MF solvent


Where: P = vapor pressure lowering
Po = vapor pressure of pure solvent MF = mole fraction of solvent
Since:

P=P0

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