ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Cardinal numbers
From 1 to 12:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.
From 13 to 19:
These numbers end in teen and the sound is /ti:n/
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90:
These numbers end in ty and the sound is /ti/
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
To express tenths:
You write a hyphen (-) after the tenth and then the unit:
twenty-one (21), twenty-two (22), twenty-three (23) ...
forty-one (41), fifty-two (52), ninety-eight (98)...
To express hundreds:
a/one hundred (100), two hundred (200) ....
To join hundreds with tenths:
You use and.
two hundred and fifty-five (253) ...)
To express thousands:
a/one thousand (1000), two thousand (2000)...
To express millions:
a/one million (1,000,000), two million (2,000,000) ...
Examples:
a / one hundred and two (102)
three hundred and twelve (312)
five thousand and ten (5,010)
two million, five hundred thousand (2,500,000)
six thousand, two hundred and seventy - nine ( 6,279)
two thousand, two hundred and twenty -two (2,222)
three thousand, three hundred and thirty -three (3,333)
One hundred and eighty-one (181)
One thousand, two hundred and fifty-four (1254)
sixty-five (65)
five hundred and sixty-seven (567)
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Ordinal numbers
First, second and third are:
1st first
2nd second
3rd third
When you express ordinal numbers in writing, you use the cardinal number
followed by the last two letters of the word for the ordinal number.
Examples:
1st (first)
2nd (second)
3rd (third)
4th (fourth)
20th (twentieth)
23rd (twenty-third)
40th fortieth
62nd sixty-second
81st eighty-first
The ending of ordinal numbers from fourth (4th) to nineteenth (19th) is -th
4th fourth
5th fifth
6th sixth
7th seventh
8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh
12th twelfth
13th thirteenth
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14th fourteenth
15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
18th eighteenth
19th nineteenth
Tenths, hundreds, thousands and millions also end in th. Those
cardinal numbers which end in y (20, 30, ) are changed into ieth (20th
40th, ) and so is the pronunciation changed /ie/. The // sounds as in
the word thing.
20th twentieth
30th thirtieth
40th fortieth
80th eightieth
In hundred, thousand and million you add -th in writing and the sound //
(as in thing)
100th hundredth hndrd
1000th thousandth azn
1.000.000th millionth mljn
The tenths are joined with a hyphen (-) just like cardinal numbers, but
only the units take th (or st as in first (1st), -nd as in second (2nd) or rd
as in third (3rd)
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
23rd twenty-third
24th twenty-fourth
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Examples
It is common to use a space to separate thousands, when we are writing
numbers. But there are many conventions:
General: 23 456 768
Br / US: 23,456,768
Continental Europe: 23.456.768
For decimal fractions, the British and the Americans use point:
Br / US: 23. 33 ( you must read twenty-three point thirty-three)
Now look at the following figures and observe how they are said in English:
A sum of money: 22.30 (Notice that a point is used to express sums of
money, but it is not pronounced) (twenty-two pounds, thirty)
An address: 24 Park Avenue : (twenty-four Park Avenue)
A maths operation: 20 + 33 = 53 (twenty plus thirty-three is fifty three
or twenty and thirty-three are / make
fifty three)
60 21 = 39 (sixty minus twenty-one is / leaves
thirty-nine)
7 x 3 = 21 (seven times three is twenty-one)
9 : 3 = 3 (nine divided by three is three)
A date: 16th February 1971 (February the sixteenth, nineteen seventy
one)
June 2nd, 1906 (June the second, nineteen-o-six)
A speed: 205 km/h (two-hundred and five kilometres the hour)
A big number: 624,112,350 (always remember to put and after any
hundred) (six hundred and twenty-four million, one hundred and twelve
thousand, three-hundred and fifty).
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Computer numbers (common for business accounts and cheques). They
are said in pairs, with double numbers as follows:
45673289: four-five, six-seven, three-two, eight nine
45663277: four-five, double-six (six-six), three-two, double-
seven (seven-seven)
A percentage: 8.2% (eight point two percent)
A distance: 51.25 km (fifty-one point twenty-five kilometres)
A football score: 4-1 (four one)
Time: 3:30 (three, thirty or half past three)
5:15 (five, fifteen or a quarter past five)
8:50 (eight,fifty or ten to nine)
10:45 (ten, forty-five or a quarter to eleven)
12:00 (twelve o clock / midday / midnight)
A phone number: When telephoning or giving a telephone number:
- use only single numbers up to nine
- pronounce 0 as o /ou/ or zero
- give the same number as double or simply repeated
0614 299935 (o-six-one-four, two-nine-nine-nine-three-five)
Body measurements:
Height (traditional Br E) 5.8 ft (five foot eight)
(metric) 1.64 m (a metre, sixty-four)
Weight (traditional Br E) 11.5 st (eleven stones, five pounds)
(metric) 79 kg (seventy-nine kilos)
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